====== 1.A.4.c ii (a) - Off-road Vehicles and other Machinery: Agriculture ======
===== Short description =====
Under sub-category //1.A.4.c ii (a)// fuel combustion activities and resulting emissions from agricultural off-road vehicles and mobile machinery are reported.
^ NFR-Code ^ Source category ^ Method ^ AD ^ EF ^ Key Category Analysis ^
| 1.A.4.c ii (a) | Off-road Vehicles and Other Machinery: Agriculture | T1, T2 | NS, M | CS, D, M | [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:agriculture_and_forestry| see superordinate chapter ]] |
{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:traktor.png?nolink&300}}
======Methodology=====
====Activity data====
Subsector-specific consumption data is included in the primary fuel-delivery data are available from NEB line 67: 'Commercial, trade, services and other consumers' (AGEB, 2020) [(AGEB2020)].
__Table 1: Sources for primary fuel-delivery data__
|| through 1994 || **AGEB** - National Energy Balance, line 79: 'Haushalte und Kleinverbraucher insgesamt' ||
|| as of 1995 || **AGEB** - National Energy Balance, line 67: 'Gewerbe, Handel, Dienstleistungen u. übrige Verbraucher' ||
Following the deduction of energy inputs for military vehicles as provided in (BAFA, 2020) [(BAFA2020)], the remaining amounts of gasoline and diesel oil are apportioned onto off-road construction vehicles (NFR 1.A.2.g vii) and off-road vehicles in commercial/institutional use (1.A.4. ii) as well as agriculture and forestry (NFR 1.A.4.c ii) based upon annual shares derived from TREMOD-MM (Knörr et al. (2020b) [(KNOERR2020b)] (cf. NFR 1.A.4 - mobile).
__Table 2: Annual contribution of agricultural vehicles and mobile machinery to the primary diesel1 fuels delivery data provided in NEB line 67__
| **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | **2019** |
| 47,6% | 45,6% | 43,9% | 46,2% | 47,5% | 47,2% | 47,3% | 48,0% | 47,8% | 48,3% | 48,5% | 48,5% | 48,4% | 48,4% |
1 no gasoline used in agricultural vehicles and mobile machinery
__Table 3: Annual mobile fuel consumption in agriculture, in terajoules__
| | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | **2019** |
^ Diesel Oil | 53.263 | 44.622 | 41.696 | 37.942 | 42.024 | 42.864 | 42.137 | 44.531 | 46.259 | 48.905 | 51.027 | 52.561 | 49.009 | 49.591 |
^ Biodiesel | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.424 | 3.222 | 2.991 | 2.974 | 2.641 | 2.843 | 2.675 | 2.705 | 2.806 | 2.849 | 2.824 |
| **Ʃ 1.A.4.c ii (i)** ^ 53.263 ^ 44.622 ^ 41.696 ^ 40.366 ^ 45.246 ^ 45.855 ^ 45.111 ^ 47.172 ^ 49.102 ^ 51.580 ^ 53.732 ^ 55.367 ^ 51.858 ^ 52.415 ^
==== Emission factors ====
The emission factors applied here are of rather different quality:
For all **main pollutants**, **carbon monoxide** and **particulate matter**, annual IEF modelled within TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2020b)] are used, representing the sector's vehicle-fleet composition, the development of mitigation technologies and the effect of fuel-quality legislation.
__Table 3: Annual country-specific emission factors1, in kg/TJ__
| | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | **2019** |
^ NH3 | 0,153 | 0,156 | 0,159 | 0,162 | 0,163 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,165 | 0,165 |
^ NMVOC | 258 | 232 | 205 | 165 | 124 | 118 | 112 | 106 | 100 | 93,8 | 88,6 | 83,8 | 79,1 | 74,8 |
^ NOx | 874 | 886 | 916 | 832 | 682 | 655 | 629 | 605 | 581 | 560 | 541 | 523 | 506 | 490 |
^ SOx | 79,6 | 60,5 | 14,0 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 |
^ BC3 | 125,1 | 109,4 | 93,1 | 74,7 | 57,4 | 54,8 | 52,4 | 50,1 | 47,4 | 44,8 | 42,2 | 39,8 | 37,5 | 35,3 |
^ PM2 | 229 | 201 | 171 | 134 | 97,1 | 91,5 | 86,2 | 81,5 | 76,3 | 71,4 | 66,9 | 62,7 | 58,6 | 54,9 |
^ CO | 882 | 834 | 779 | 674 | 555 | 536 | 518 | 502 | 484 | 468 | 453 | 441 | 428 | 416 |
1 due to lack of better information: similar EF are applied for fossil and biofuels \\
2 EF(PM2.5) also applied for PM10 and TSP (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM2.5)\\
3 estimated via a f-BCs as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], Chapter 1.A.2.g vii, 1.A.4.a ii, b ii, c ii, 1.A.5.b i - Non-road, note to Table 3-1: Tier 1 emission factors for off-road machinery \\
> **NOTE:** With respect to the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, condensables are most likely included at least partly. During test-bench measurements, temperatures are likely to be significantly higher than under real-world conditions, thus reducing condensation. On the contrary, smaller dillution (higher number of primary particles acting as condensation germs) together with higher pressures increase the likeliness of condensation. So over-all condensables are very likely to occur but different to real-world conditions.
> For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.
===== Recalculations =====
Revisions in **activity data** result from slightly adapted EBZ67 shares as well as the implementation of primary activity data from the now finalised NEB 2019.
__Table 5: Revised annual contribution of 1.A.2.g vii to fuel-specific over-all fuel deliveries provided in NEB line 67__
| | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** |
^ Submission 2021 | 0,476 | 0,456 | 0,439 | 0,462 | 0,475 | 0,472 | 0,473 | 0,480 | 0,478 | 0,483 | 0,485 | 0,485 | 0,484 |
^ Submission 2020 | 0,484 | 0,467 | 0,468 | 0,501 | 0,509 | 0,506 | 0,506 | 0,505 | 0,503 | 0,507 | 0,510 | 0,511 | 0,512 |
^ absolute change | -0,008 | -0,011 | -0,030 | -0,038 | -0,034 | -0,034 | -0,033 | -0,024 | -0,025 | -0,025 | -0,025 | -0,025 | -0,028 |
^ relative change | -1,62% | -2,30% | -6,33% | -7,66% | -6,75% | -6,65% | -6,47% | -4,80% | -4,98% | -4,87% | -5,00% | -4,97% | -5,52% |
__Table 6: Resulting revised activity data, in terajoules__
| | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** |
^ Submission 2021 | 53.263 | 44.622 | 41.696 | 40.366 | 45.246 | 45.855 | 45.111 | 47.172 | 49.102 | 51.580 | 53.732 | 55.367 | 51.858 |
^ Submission 2020 | 54.142 | 45.674 | 44.513 | 41.905 | 47.980 | 48.928 | 47.989 | 49.482 | 51.634 | 54.190 | 56.531 | 58.245 | 54.553 |
^ absolute change | -878 | -1.053 | -2.817 | -1.538 | -2.734 | -3.073 | -2.878 | -2.311 | -2.533 | -2.610 | -2.799 | -2.878 | -2.695 |
^ relative change | -1,62% | -2,30% | -6,33% | -3,67% | -5,70% | -6,28% | -6,00% | -4,67% | -4,91% | -4,82% | -4,95% | -4,94% | -4,94% |
In addition, several **emission factors** have been revised within TREMOD MM.
__Table 7: Revised annual implied emission factors (IEF), in [kg/TJ__
| | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** |
| **Ammonia** ||||||||||||||
^ Submission 2021 | 0,153 | 0,156 | 0,159 | 0,162 | 0,163 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,165 |
^ Submission 2020 | 0,152 | 0,155 | 0,158 | 0,160 | 0,163 | 0,163 | 0,163 | 0,163 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,164 | 0,164 |
^ absolute change | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 |
^ relative change | 0,35% | 0,62% | 0,88% | 1,05% | 0,56% | 0,50% | 0,43% | 0,34% | 0,29% | 0,24% | 0,19% | 0,17% | 0,13% |
| **NMVOC** ||||||||||||||
^ Submission 2021 | 258 | 232 | 205 | 165 | 124 | 118 | 112 | 106 | 100 | 94 | 89 | 84 | 79 |
^ Submission 2020 | 261 | 237 | 216 | 182 | 139 | 132 | 126 | 119 | 112 | 105 | 99 | 93 | 88 |
^ absolute change | -3,31 | -5,53 | -10,80 | -16,58 | -14,89 | -14,78 | -14,31 | -12,68 | -11,94 | -11,11 | -10,10 | -9,52 | -8,94 |
^ relative change | -1,27% | -2,33% | -5,01% | -9,13% | -10,72% | -11,16% | -11,37% | -10,69% | -10,70% | -10,58% | -10,23% | -10,20% | -10,15% |
| **Nitrogen oxides** ||||||||||||||
^ Submission 2021 | 874 | 886 | 916 | 832 | 682 | 655 | 629 | 605 | 581 | 560 | 541 | 523 | 506 |
^ Submission 2020 | 869 | 887 | 917 | 846 | 713 | 686 | 660 | 632 | 604 | 575 | 544 | 514 | 487 |
^ absolute change | 4,90 | -1,57 | -1,06 | -14,27 | -31,05 | -31,00 | -30,70 | -26,64 | -22,57 | -14,33 | -2,54 | 8,58 | 18,80 |
^ relative change | 0,56% | -0,18% | -0,12% | -1,69% | -4,35% | -4,52% | -4,65% | -4,21% | -3,74% | -2,49% | -0,47% | 1,67% | 3,86% |
| **Black Carbon** ||||||||||||||
^ Submission 2021 | 125,1 | 109,4 | 93,1 | 74,7 | 57,4 | 54,8 | 52,4 | 50,1 | 47,4 | 44,8 | 42,2 | 39,8 | 37,5 |
^ Submission 2020 | 129,7 | 114,9 | 100,5 | 84,6 | 63,9 | 61,3 | 58,6 | 55,6 | 52,4 | 49,3 | 46,3 | 43,8 | 41,2 |
^ absolute change | -4,68 | -5,54 | -7,40 | -9,84 | -6,50 | -6,57 | -6,28 | -5,50 | -5,01 | -4,52 | -4,10 | -3,93 | -3,73 |
^ relative change | -3,61% | -4,82% | -7,36% | -11,63% | -10,17% | -10,71% | -10,71% | -9,89% | -9,55% | -9,17% | -8,86% | -8,99% | -9,06% |
| **Particulate Matter (PM) ** ||||||||||||||
^ Submission 2021 | 229 | 201 | 171 | 134 | 97,1 | 91,5 | 86,2 | 81,5 | 76,3 | 71,4 | 66,9 | 62,7 | 58,6 |
^ Submission 2020 | 238 | 211 | 184 | 152 | 110 | 105,0 | 99,4 | 93,4 | 87,5 | 81,8 | 76,5 | 72,0 | 67,5 |
^ absolute change | -8,46 | -9,99 | -13,49 | -18,45 | -13,39 | -13,58 | -13,21 | -11,92 | -11,17 | -10,40 | -9,64 | -9,31 | -8,90 |
^ relative change | -3,56% | -4,74% | -7,32% | -12,14% | -12,12% | -12,93% | -13,29% | -12,76% | -12,77% | -12,70% | -12,59% | -12,94% | -13,18% |
| **Carbon monoxide** ||||||||||||||
^ Submission 2021 | 882 | 834 | 779 | 674 | 555 | 536 | 518 | 502 | 484 | 468 | 453 | 441 | 428 |
^ Submission 2020 | 896 | 853 | 813 | 723 | 603 | 584 | 564 | 543 | 522 | 504 | 486 | 471 | 457 |
^ absolute change | -14,42 | -19,03 | -33,83 | -48,66 | -48,03 | -47,51 | -46,06 | -40,75 | -38,52 | -36,09 | -32,91 | -30,70 | -28,62 |
^ relative change | -1,61% | -2,23% | -4,16% | -6,73% | -7,96% | -8,14% | -8,16% | -7,51% | -7,37% | -7,17% | -6,77% | -6,51% | -6,27% |
For more information on recalculated emission estimates reported for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start| 8.1 - Recalculations]].
===== Planned improvements =====
Besides a routine revision of the underlying model, no specific improvements are planned.
[(AGEB2020>AGEB, 2020: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2018.html, (Aufruf: 29.11.2020), Köln & Berlin, 2020.)]
[(BAFA2020>BAFA, 2020: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland;
URL: https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2018_dezember.html, Eschborn, 2020.)]
[(KNOERR2020b> Knörr et al. (2020b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2020, Heidelberg, 2020.)]
[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)]
[(RENTZ2008> Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )]
[(KNOERR2009> Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)]