====== 1.A.3.b vii - Road Transport: Automobile Road Abrasion ======

===== Short description =====

In sub-category //1.A.3.b vii - Road Transport: Automobile Road Abrasion// emissions from road abrasion in Road Transport are reported. Therefore, this sub-category is an important source for a) particle emissions and b) emissions of heavy metals, POPs etc. included in these particles.

^ Category Code  ^  Method                                ||||^  AD                                ||||^  EF                                  |||||
| 1.A.3.b.vii        |  T1, T3                                    |||||  NS, M                                |||||  CS                                  |||||
^  Key Category  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>     ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  CO   ^  BC   ^  Pb   ^  Hg   ^  Cd   ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^  TSP  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^
| 1.A.3.b.vii     |  -          |  -    |  -    |  -      |  -    |  -    |  -/-  |  -    |  -/-  |  -     |  -    |  -    |  L/-  |  L/-   |  L/-    |

===== Methodology =====

==== Activity data ====

Abrasive emissions from tyre and brake wear are estimated based on vehicle-type specific mileage data. For detailed mileage data, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:start | superordinate chapter ]] on abrasive emissions from road vehicles.  

==== Emission factors ====

__Table 1: Emission factors applied__
|                   |           ^  **PCs**  ^  **LDVs**  ^  **HDVs**  ^  **Buses**  ^  **Mopeds**  ^  **Motorcycles**  ^
^ BC                |  [mg/km]  |  NA       |  NA        |  NA        |  NA         |  NA          |  NA               |
^ PM<sub>2.5</sub>  | :::       |      4,05 |       4,05 |       20,5 |        20,5 |         1,62 |              1,62 |
^ PM<sub>10</sub>   | :::       |      7,50 |       7,50 |       38,0 |        34,2 |         3,00 |              3,00 |
^ TSP               | :::       |      15,0 |       15,0 |       76,0 |        76,0 |         6,00 |              6,00 |
^ Pb                | [µg/km]   |   0,00006 |    0,00006 |    0,00031 |     0,00006 |      0,00002 |           0,00002 |
^ Hg                | :::       |  NA       |  NA        |  NA        |  NA         |  NA          |  NA               |
^ Cd                | :::       |  0,000003 |   0,000003 |   0,000016 |    0,000003 |     0,000001 |          0,000001 |
^ As                | :::       |   0,00004 |    0,00004 |    0,00020 |     0,00004 |      0,00002 |           0,00002 |
^ Cr                | :::       |   0,00108 |    0,00108 |    0,00547 |     0,00108 |      0,00043 |           0,00043 |
^ Cu                | :::       |   0,00004 |    0,00004 |    0,00019 |     0,00004 |      0,00001 |           0,00001 |
^ Ni                | :::       |   0,00057 |    0,00057 |    0,00289 |     0,00057 |      0,00023 |           0,00023 |
^ Se                | :::       |  NA       |  NA        |  NA        |  NA         |  NA          |  NA               |
^ Zn                | :::       |   0,00129 |    0,00129 |    0,00654 |     0,00129 |      0,00052 |           0,00052 |


===== Discussion of emission trends =====

__Table 2: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__
|  for: ^  TSP    ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^
|   by: |  Level  |  Level            |  Level             |


Emissions from road abrasion are directly linked to driven mileage. Thus, the overall trend of emissions from road abrasion is similar to the trend for total driven mileage.

All reported emissons from tyre and brake wear are connected directly to the mileage driven by the road vehicles covered.

{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:1a3bvii_em_pm2.5.png?700 }}
===== Recalculations =====

**Activity data** (mileage) have been revised due to the regular revision of the TREMOD model. (see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:start | superordinate chapter ]] ). 

However, the biggest changes occur in the tier1 **emission factors** that have been revised during a research study.
The variety of old and revised emission factors cannot be compared here in a comprehendible way.

<WRAP center round info 60%>
For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]].
</WRAP>

===== Planned improvements =====

Besides a routine revision of the underlying model, no specific improvements are planned.