====== 1.A.3.b vi-vii - Road Transport: Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear and Road Abrasion ======
This overview chapter provides information on emissions from automobile tyre and brake wear & road abrasion are reported reported in NFR sub-categories 1.A.3.b vi and 1.A.3.b vii.
These sub-categories are important sources for a) particle emissions and b) emissions of heavy metals, POPs etc. included in these particles.
^ NFR-Code ^ Name of Category ^
| 1.A.3.b vi | [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:tyre_and_brake_wear| Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear ]] |
| 1.A.3.b vii | [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:road_abrasion| Automobile Road Abrasion ]] |
===== Methodology =====
====Activity data ====
Specific mileage data for all different types of road vehicles are generated within TREMOD (Knörr et al., 2020a) [(KNOERR2020a)].
The following table provides an overview of annual mileages.
__Table 1: Mileage data for road vehicles 1990-2019, in 106 kilometers__
| ^ **1990** ^ **1995** ^ **2000** ^ **2005** ^ **2006** ^ **2007** ^ **2008** ^ **2009** ^ **2010** ^ **2011** ^ **2012** ^ **2013** ^ **2014** ^ **2015** ^ **2016** ^ **2017** ^ **2018** ^ **2019** ^
^ Passenger Cars | 492.280 | 535.524 | 565.345 | 580.076 | 581.645 | 585.236 | 582.194 | 592.591 | 596.532 | 606.233 | 607.519 | 612.573 | 623.683 | 630.995 | 638.156 | 643.711 | 643.198 | 645.829 |
^ Light Duty Vehicles | 14.259 | 23.294 | 31.541 | 35.938 | 36.679 | 37.830 | 38.290 | 38.755 | 39.226 | 39.703 | 40.185 | 40.673 | 43.112 | 45.330 | 47.457 | 49.698 | 51.918 | 53.659 |
^ Heavy Duty Vehicles | 40.827 | 54.279 | 62.659 | 60.974 | 63.492 | 65.618 | 65.395 | 60.917 | 62.979 | 64.519 | 63.810 | 64.318 | 64.822 | 65.823 | 66.697 | 67.346 | 68.059 | 68.968 |
| //thereof: Lorries & Trucks// | //36.657// | //50.362// | 58.621 | 56.877 | 59.374 | 61.483 | 61.244 | 56.751 | 58.799 | 60.324 | 59.572 | 60.064 | 60.553 | 61.408 | 62.138 | 62.833 | 63.539 | 64.396 |
| //thereof: Buses// | 4.170 | 3.916 | 4.038 | 4.098 | 4.119 | 4.135 | 4.150 | 4.166 | 4.180 | 4.195 | 4.238 | 4.254 | 4.269 | 4.415 | 4.560 | 4.512 | 4.520 | 4.572 |
^ Two-wheelers | 15.734 | 12.303 | 15.161 | 15.621 | 15.647 | 15.804 | 15.616 | 15.807 | 15.298 | 14.866 | 14.463 | 14.196 | 14.200 | 14.508 | 14.519 | 14.523 | 14.625 | 14.842 |
| //thereof: Mopeds// | 5.917 | 3.830 | 4.047 | 4.191 | 4.278 | 4.548 | 4.686 | 5.192 | 4.990 | 4.855 | 4.742 | 4.755 | 4.684 | 4.870 | 4.831 | 4.749 | 4.849 | 4.922 |
| //thereof: Motorcycles// | 9.817 | 8.473 | 11.113 | 11.429 | 11.370 | 11.256 | 10.931 | 10.615 | 10.308 | 10.011 | 9.721 | 9.441 | 9.516 | 9.638 | 9.687 | 9.773 | 9.776 | 9.920 |
| **TOTAL MILEAGE** ^ 563.099 ^ 625.399 ^ 674.705 ^ 692.609 ^ 697.463 ^ 704.488 ^ 701.495 ^ 708.069 ^ 714.035 ^ 725.321 ^ 725.977 ^ 731.761 ^ 745.817 ^ 756.655 ^ 766.829 ^ 775.277 ^ 777.801 ^ 783.298 ^
source: TREMOD 6.02 [(KNOERR2020a)]
===== Discussion of emission trends =====
> Please see sub-category chapters [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:tyre_and_brake_wear| 1.A.3.b vi - Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear ]] and [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:road_abrasion| 1.A.3.b vii - Automobile Road Abrasion ]].
===== Recalculations =====
Recalculations were carried out due to a fundamental revision of the TREMOD software.
For changes in the **emission factors** applied, please refer to the sub-ordinate chapters on **tyre and brake wear** and **road abrasion**.
__Table 2: Revised mileage data , in 106 kilometers__
| ^ **1990** ^ **1995** ^ **2000** ^ **2005** ^ **2006** ^ **2007** ^ **2008** ^ **2009** ^ **2010** ^ **2011** ^ **2012** ^ **2013** ^ **2014** ^ **2015** ^ **2016** ^ **2017** ^ **2018** ^
| **Passenger Cars** ||||||||||||||||||
^ Submission 2021 | 492.280 | 535.524 | 565.345 | 580.076 | 581.645 | 585.236 | 582.194 | 592.591 | 596.532 | 606.233 | 607.519 | 612.573 | 623.683 | 630.995 | 638.156 | 643.711 | 643.198 |
^ Submission 2020 | 488.574 | 530.900 | 560.300 | 574.776 | 580.455 | 584.060 | 581.068 | 591.437 | 595.363 | 605.066 | 606.373 | 611.439 | 622.067 | 629.516 | 636.701 | 642.254 | 642.262 |
^ absolute change | 3.706 | 4.624 | 5.045 | 5.300 | 1.190 | 1.175 | 1.126 | 1.153 | 1.169 | 1.167 | 1.145 | 1.134 | 1.616 | 1.479 | 1.455 | 1.457 | 937 |
^ relative change | 0,76% | 0,87% | 0,90% | 0,92% | 0,21% | 0,20% | 0,19% | 0,20% | 0,20% | 0,19% | 0,19% | 0,19% | 0,26% | 0,23% | 0,23% | 0,23% | 0,15% |
| **Light Duty Vehicles** ||||||||||||||||||
^ Submission 2021 | 14.259 | 23.294 | 31.541 | 35.938 | 36.679 | 37.830 | 38.290 | 38.755 | 39.226 | 39.703 | 40.185 | 40.673 | 43.112 | 45.330 | 47.457 | 49.698 | 51.918 |
^ Submission 2020 | 17.964 | 27.917 | 36.585 | 41.203 | 37.802 | 38.927 | 39.282 | 39.748 | 40.218 | 40.694 | 41.178 | 41.669 | 42.056 | 45.639 | 47.752 | 49.912 | 52.276 |
^ absolute change | -3.706 | -4.624 | -5.045 | -5.265 | -1.123 | -1.097 | -992 | -993 | -992 | -991 | -993 | -995 | 1.056 | -309 | -295 | -214 | -358 |
^ relative change | -20,6% | -16,6% | -13,8% | -12,8% | -2,97% | -2,82% | -2,53% | -2,50% | -2,47% | -2,44% | -2,41% | -2,39% | 2,51% | -0,68% | -0,62% | -0,43% | -0,69% |
| **HDVs: Trucks** ||||||||||||||||||
^ Submission 2021 | 36.657 | 50.362 | 58.621 | 56.877 | 59.374 | 61.483 | 61.244 | 56.751 | 58.799 | 60.324 | 59.572 | 60.064 | 60.553 | 61.408 | 62.138 | 62.833 | 63.539 |
^ Submission 2020 | 36.657 | 50.362 | 58.621 | 56.877 | 59.374 | 61.483 | 61.244 | 56.751 | 58.799 | 60.312 | 59.648 | 60.204 | 60.553 | 61.408 | 62.353 | 63.311 | 64.284 |
^ absolute change | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 12,0 | -76,2 | -140 | 0,00 | 0,00 | -215 | -478 | -744 |
^ relative change | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,02% | -0,13% | -0,23% | 0,00% | 0,00% | -0,35% | -0,76% | -1,16% |
| **HDVs: Buses** ||||||||||||||||||
^ Submission 2021 | 4.170 | 3.916 | 4.038 | 4.098 | 4.119 | 4.135 | 4.150 | 4.166 | 4.180 | 4.195 | 4.238 | 4.254 | 4.269 | 4.415 | 4.560 | 4.512 | 4.520 |
^ Submission 2020 | 4.170 | 3.948 | 4.003 | 4.076 | 4.028 | 4.022 | 3.922 | 4.002 | 4.037 | 3.991 | 3.981 | 4.055 | 4.182 | 4.227 | 4.267 | 4.190 | 4.206 |
^ absolute change | 0,00 | -31,7 | 34,4 | 21,6 | 90,9 | 113 | 228 | 164 | 143 | 204 | 257 | 199 | 87,7 | 188 | 293 | 322 | 314 |
^ relative change | 0,00% | -0,80% | 0,86% | 0,53% | 2,26% | 2,81% | 5,82% | 4,11% | 3,55% | 5,11% | 6,46% | 4,91% | 2,10% | 4,46% | 6,87% | 7,69% | 7,46% |
| **Mopeds** ||||||||||||||||||
^ Submission 2021 | 5.917 | 3.830 | 4.047 | 4.191 | 4.278 | 4.548 | 4.686 | 5.192 | 4.990 | 4.855 | 4.742 | 4.755 | 4.684 | 4.870 | 4.831 | 4.749 | 4.849 |
^ Submission 2020 | 5.917 | 3.377 | 3.703 | 3.970 | 4.079 | 4.366 | 4.527 | 5.049 | 4.884 | 4.782 | 4.700 | 4.743 | 4.700 | 4.887 | 4.848 | 4.766 | 4.766 |
^ absolute change | 0,00 | 452 | 344 | 222 | 199 | 183 | 159 | 143 | 106 | 73,1 | 41,9 | 12,6 | -16,4 | -17,0 | -16,9 | -16,6 | 83,1 |
^ relative change | 0,00% | 13,4% | 9,30% | 5,58% | 4,88% | 4,18% | 3,50% | 2,83% | 2,18% | 1,53% | 0,89% | 0,27% | -0,35% | -0,35% | -0,35% | -0,35% | 1,74% |
| **Motorcycles** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
^ Submission 2021 | 9.817 | 8.473 | 11.113 | 11.429 | 11.370 | 11.256 | 10.931 | 10.615 | 10.308 | 10.011 | 9.721 | 9.441 | 9.516 | 9.638 | 9.687 | 9.773 | 9.776 |
^ Submission 2020 | 9.817 | 8.473 | 11.113 | 11.429 | 11.215 | 11.256 | 10.931 | 10.615 | 10.308 | 10.011 | 9.721 | 9.441 | 9.516 | 9.638 | 9.687 | 9.773 | 9.913 |
^ absolute change | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 154,35 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | -137 |
^ relative change | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 1,38% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | -1,38% |
| **REVISED TOTAL MILEAGE** ||||||||||||||||||
^ Submission 2021 | 522.272 | 571.120 | 612.046 | 631.634 | 633.971 | 638.870 | 636.100 | 647.153 | 651.056 | 660.801 | 662.167 | 667.443 | 680.994 | 690.832 | 700.132 | 707.932 | 709.742 |
^ Submission 2020 | 522.272 | 570.668 | 611.702 | 631.378 | 633.551 | 638.609 | 635.808 | 646.850 | 650.773 | 660.553 | 661.973 | 667.291 | 678.339 | 689.680 | 698.989 | 706.705 | 709.217 |
^ absolute change | 0,00 | 452 | 344 | 256 | 421 | 261 | 292 | 303 | 283 | 249 | 194 | 151 | 2.655 | 1.153 | 1.143 | 1.226 | 525 |
^ relative change | 0,00% | 0,08% | 0,06% | 0,04% | 0,07% | 0,04% | 0,05% | 0,05% | 0,04% | 0,04% | 0,03% | 0,02% | 0,39% | 0,17% | 0,16% | 0,17% | 0,07% |
===== Planned improvements =====
Besides the **routine revision of the TREMOD model**, no specific improvements are planned.
[(KNOERR2020a> Knörr et al. (2020a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2020.)].
[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019)]