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1.A.5.b i - Military Ground Vehicles and Vehicles

Short description

In sub-category 1.A.5.b i - Other, Mobile (including Military) emissions from military ground-vehicles and mobile machinery are reported.

Method AD EF Key Category
T1, T2 NS CS, D see superordinate chapter

Method

Activity data

Basically, all fuel consumption in military vehicles is included in the primary acitivity data provided by the National Energy Balances (NEB) (AGEB, 2019).

As the NEB does not provide specific data for military use, the following additional sources are used:

For the years as of 1995, the official mineral-oil data of the Federal Republic of Germany (Amtliche Mineralöldaten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland), prepared by the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA), are used (BAFA, 2019) 1). Provided in units of [1,000 t], these amounts have to be converted into [TJ] on the basis of the relevant net calorific values given by 2).

As the official mineral-oil data does not distinguish into fossil and biofuels but does provide amounts for inland deliveries of total diesel and gasoline fuels, no data on the consumption of biodiesel and bioethanol is available directly at the moment. Therefore, activity data for biofuels used in military vehicles are calculated by applying Germany's official annual biofuel shares to the named total deliveries (see also: info on EF).

Table 1: Annual fuel deliveries to the military for ground-vehicles and machinery, in terajoules

= 1990 = 1995 = 2000 = 2005 = 2010 = 2011 = 2012 = 2013 = 2014 = 2015 = 2016 = 2017 = 2018
Diesel Oil > 15,037 > 8,001 > 1,364 > 3,366 > 990 > 622 > 972 > 681 > 683 > 580 > 578 > 415 > 279
Biodiesel > 0 > 0 > 0 > 74 > 64 > 41 > 63 > 39 > 41 > 31 > 30 > 22 > 16
Gasoline > 21,508 > 9,800 > 7,477 > 6,857 > 4,862 > 4,696 > 4,175 > 4,092 > 3,695 > 3,342 > 3,009 > 2,502 > 2,341
Biogasoline > 0 > 0 > 0 > 47 > 188 > 192 > 185 > 175 > 161 > 145 > 131 > 107 > 105
Ʃ 1.A.5.b i ~ 36,545 ~ 17,801 ~ 8,841 ~ 10,343 ~ 6,103 ~ 5,551 ~ 5,395 ~ 4,988 ~ 4,580 ~ 4,099 ~ 3,748 ~ 3,046 ~ 2,741

gallery size="medium" : 1A5bi_AD.png : 1A5bi_AD_bio.png gallery

++ Emission factors

Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors^^1^^, in kg/TJ

= 1990 = 1995 = 2000 = 2005 = 2006 = 2007 = 2008 = 2009 = 2010 = 2011 = 2012 = 2013 = 2014 = 2015 = 2016 = 2017 = 2018
< Diesel fuels
~ NH,,3,, > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00
~ NMVOC > 316 > 274 > 274 > 274 > 274 > 274 > 274 > 274 > 274 > 274 > 274 > 274 > 274 > 274 > 274 > 274 > 274
~ NO,,x,, > 1,195 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360 > 1,360
~ SO,,x,, > 125 > 60.5 > 14.0 > 0.37 > 0.37 > 0.37 > 0.37 > 0.37 > 0.37 > 0.37 > 0.37 > 0.37 > 0.37 > 0.37 > 0.37 > 0.37 > 0.37
~ PM2 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100 > 100
~ BC3 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0 > 53.0
~ CO > 515 > 350 > 350 > 350 > 350 > 350 > 350 > 350 > 350 > 350 > 350 > 350 > 350 > 350 > 350 > 350 > 350
< Gasoline fuels
~ NH,,3,, > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00 > 4.00
~ NMVOC > 594 > 373 > 373 > 373 > 373 > 373 > 373 > 373 > 373 > 373 > 373 > 373 > 373 > 373 > 373 > 373 > 373
~ NO,,x,, > 682 > 725 > 725 > 725 > 725 > 725 > 725 > 725 > 725 > 725 > 725 > 725 > 725 > 725 > 725 > 725 > 725
~ SO,,x,, > 11.8 > 8.30 > 3.20 > 0.40 > 0.40 > 0.40 > 0.40 > 0.40 > 0.40 > 0.40 > 0.40 > 0.40 > 0.40 > 0.40 > 0.40 > 0.40 > 0.40
~ PM2 > 3.63 > 3.55 > 3.13 > 2.66 > 2.66 > 2.51 > 2.39 > 2.27 > 2.14 > 2.09 > 2.03 > 1.97 > 1.91 > 1.91 > 1.91 > 1.91 > 1.91
~ BC3 > 0.44 > 0.43 > 0.38 > 0.32 > 0.32 > 0.30 > 0.29 > 0.27 > 0.26 > 0.25 > 0.24 > 0.24 > 0.23 > 0.23 > 0.23 > 0.23 > 0.23
~ CO > 4,199 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010 > 4,010
~ TSP4 > 2.46 > 0.82 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00
~ Pb4 > 1.54 > 0.52 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00
1
2
3
4
NOTE: With respect to the emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, condensables are most likely included at least partly.footnote During test-bench measurements, temperatures are likely to be significantly higher than under real-world conditions, thus reducing condensation. On the contrary, smaller dillution (higher number of primary particles acting as condensation germs) together with higher pressures increase the likeliness of condensation. So over-all condensables are very likely to occur but different to real-world conditions. footnote

+ Discussion of emission trends

This sub-category is not considered separately in the key category analysis.

Due to the application of very several tier1 emission factors, most emission trends reported for this sub-category only reflect the trend in fuel deliveries. Therefore, the fuel-consumption dependend trends in emission estimates are only influenced by the annual fuel mix.

gallery size="medium" : 1A5bi_EM_NH3.png : 1A5bi_EM_NOx.png gallery

Here, for sulphur dioxide, this consumption-based falling trend is intensified by the impact of fuel-sulphur legislation.

gallery size="medium" : 1A5bi_EM_SO2.png gallery

Over-all particulate matter emissions are by far dominated by emissions from diesel oil combustion with the falling trend basically following the decline in fuel consumption. Here, until 1997, the emission values reported for total suspended particles (TSP) are slightly higher than those reported for PM,,2.5,, and PM,,10,, due to the additional TSP emissions from leaded gasoline that was banned in 1997.

gallery size="medium" : 1A5bi_EM_PM.png gallery

+ Recalculations

activity data Table: Revised activity data, in terajoules

= 2009 = 2010 = 2011 = 2012 = 2013 = 2014 = 2015 = 2016 = 2017
< 1.A.5.b i TOTAL
~ Submission 2020 > 6,119 > 6,103 > 5,551 > 5,395 > 4,988 > 4,580 > 4,099 > 3,748 > 3,046
~ Submission 2019 > 6,119 > 6,103 > 5,551 > 5,395 > 4,988 > 4,580 > 4,102 > 3,752 > 3,155
~ absolute change > -0.09 > 0.02 > 0.11 > 0.0 > 0.0 > 0.0 > -3.6 > -4.2 > -109
~ relative change > -0.001% > 0.0004% > 0.002% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > -0.09% > -0.11% > -3.46%
< Diesel Oil
~ Submission 2020 > 1,003 > 990 > 622 > 972 > 681 > 683 > 580 > 578 > 415
~ Submission 2019 > 1,003 > 990 > 622 > 972 > 681 > 683 > 583 > 582 > 421
~ absolute change > 0.02 > 0.02 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > -3.50 > -4.10 > -5.76
~ relative change > 0.002% > 0.002% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > -0.60% > -0.70% > -1.37%
< Biodiesel
~ Submission 2020 > 69 > 64 > 41 > 63 > 39 > 41 > 31 > 30 > 22
~ Submission 2019 > 69 > 64 > 41 > 63 > 39 > 41 > 32 > 31 > 22
~ absolute change > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > -0.19 > -0.22 > -0.31
~ relative change > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > -0.60% > -0.70% > -1.37%
< Gasoline
~ Submission 2020 > 4,907 > 4,862 > 4,696 > 4,175 > 4,092 > 3,695 > 3,342 > 3,009 > 2,502
~ Submission 2019 > 4,907 > 4,862 > 4,695 > 4,175 > 4,092 > 3,695 > 3,342 > 3,009 > 2,605
~ absolute change > -0.11 > 0.00 > 0.10 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.08 > 0.07 > -103
~ relative change > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > -3.96%
< Biogasoline
~ Submission 2020 > 140 > 188 > 192 > 185 > 175 > 161 > 145 > 131 > 107
~ Submission 2019 > 140 > 188 > 192 > 185 > 175 > 161 > 145 > 131 > 106
~ absolute change > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.00 > 0.13
~ relative change > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.00% > 0.12%
For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2017, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations].

+ Planned improvements

Given the limited quality of the emission factors applied, the inventory compiler will check a possible revision at least for the main pollutants.


bibliography : 1 : BAFA, 2019: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2017_dezember.html, Eschborn, 2019. : 2 : AGEB, 2019b: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Daten - Sondertabellen - Heizwerte der Energieträger und Faktoren für die Umrechnung von spezifischen Mengeneinheiten in Wärmeinheiten (2005-2017); URL: https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/#heizwerte2005bis2016, Köln & Berlin, 2019. : 3 : Knörr et al. (2019b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F. (2018b): ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2019, Heidelberg, 2019 : 4 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019; Copenhagen, 2019. : 5 : Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008, URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer bibliography


1) (bibcite 1)
2) (bibcite 2)