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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport [2021/04/07 19:59] kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 | 1.A.5.b iii  | [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport:military_navigation| Military Navigation ]]                    T1, T2, T3                    |  NS, M  |  CS, D, M  |  -                      | | 1.A.5.b iii  | [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport:military_navigation| Military Navigation ]]                    T1, T2, T3                    |  NS, M  |  CS, D, M  |  -                      |
  
-^  Key Category  SO₂     ^  NOₓ   NH₃   NMVOC  ^  CO    BC   ^  Pb    Hg   ^  Cd    Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB   TSP  ^  PM₁₀  ^  PM₂ ₅  ^+^  Key Category   SO<sub>2</sub>     ^  NO<sub>x</sub>   NH<sub>3</sub>   NMVOC  ^  CO   ^  TSP    ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub> BC    ^  Pb    Hg        ^  Cd    Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^
 | 1.A.5.b          -/-        |  -/T  |  -/-  |  -/-    |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-    -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-    -/-    | | 1.A.5.b          -/-        |  -/T  |  -/-  |  -/-    |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-    -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-    -/-    |
  
  
-> For further information on sub-sector specific consumption data, emission factors and emissions as well as further information on emission trends, recalculations and planned improvements, please follow the links above.+<WRAP center round info 100%> 
 +For further information on sub-sector specific consumption data, emission factors and emissions as well as further information on emission trends, recalculations and planned improvements, please follow the links above. 
 +</WRAP> 
  
 ===== Methodology ===== ===== Methodology =====
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 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
  
-Basically, all fuel deliveries to the military are included in the primary fuel delivery data provided by the National Energy Balances (NEB) [(AGEB, 2020)].+Basically, all fuel deliveries to the military are included in the primary fuel delivery data provided by the National Energy Balances (NEB) [(AGEB2020)].
 As the NEB does not provide specific data for military use, the following additional sources are used: As the NEB does not provide specific data for military use, the following additional sources are used:
  
 **Military land-based vehicles and aviation**: **Military land-based vehicles and aviation**:
  
-For the years as of 1995, the official mineral-oil data of the Federal Republic of Germany (Amtliche Mineralöldaten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland), prepared by the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA), are used (BAFA, 2019) [((bibcite 2))]. Provided in units of [1000 t], these amounts have to be converted into [TJ] on the basis of the relevant net calorific values given by [((bibcite 1))].+For the years as of 1995, the official mineral-oil data of the Federal Republic of Germany (Amtliche Mineralöldaten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland), prepared by the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA), are used [(BAFA2020)]. Provided in units of [1000 t], these amounts have to be converted into [TJ] on the basis of the relevant net calorific values given by [(AGEB2020)].
  
 As the official mineral-oil data does not distinguish into fossil and biofuels but does provide amounts for inland deliveries of total diesel and gasoline fuels, no data on the consumption of biodiesel and bioethanol is available directly at the moment. Therefore, activity data for biofuels used in military vehicles are calculated by applying Germany's official annual biofuel shares to the named total deliveries (see also: info on EF). As the official mineral-oil data does not distinguish into fossil and biofuels but does provide amounts for inland deliveries of total diesel and gasoline fuels, no data on the consumption of biodiesel and bioethanol is available directly at the moment. Therefore, activity data for biofuels used in military vehicles are calculated by applying Germany's official annual biofuel shares to the named total deliveries (see also: info on EF).
  
-As there is no consistent NEB data availabe for aviation gasoline, delivery data from [((bibcite 2))] is used.+As there is no consistent NEB data availabe for aviation gasoline, delivery data from BAFA is applied for the entire time series.
  
 **Military navigation**: **Military navigation**:
  
 Primarilly, fuel deliveries to military navigation is included in the NEB data provided in NEB lines 6: 'International Deep-Sea Bunkers' and 64: 'Coastal and inland navigation' but cannot be derived directly. Primarilly, fuel deliveries to military navigation is included in the NEB data provided in NEB lines 6: 'International Deep-Sea Bunkers' and 64: 'Coastal and inland navigation' but cannot be derived directly.
-Therefore, starting with this submission, fuel use in military navigation is estimated within a specific model used for estimating emissions from German maritime activities (BSH, 2018) [((bibcite 3))].+Therefore, starting with this submission, fuel use in military navigation is estimated within a specific model used for estimating emissions from German maritime activities [(Deichnik2020)].
  
 __Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.5.b__ __Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.5.b__
 ^ Mode of Military Transport                                             ^ Specific AD included in:                                                                   ^ Sources for specific data                                               ^ Relevant years  ^ ^ Mode of Military Transport                                             ^ Specific AD included in:                                                                   ^ Sources for specific data                                               ^ Relevant years  ^
 |  **Military ground vehicles and mobile machinery, military aviation**  | NEB line 67 - 'Commerce, Trade, Services and other Consumers'                              | Special evaluation 1990-1994 carried out by AGEB                        |  1990 - 1994    | |  **Military ground vehicles and mobile machinery, military aviation**  | NEB line 67 - 'Commerce, Trade, Services and other Consumers'                              | Special evaluation 1990-1994 carried out by AGEB                        |  1990 - 1994    |
-| :::                                                                    | :::                                                                                        | Official oil data, table 7j, column: 'An das Militär', [((bibcite 2))]  |  as of 1995     | +| :::                                                                    | :::                                                                                        | Official oil data, table 7j, column: 'An das Militär', [(BAFA2020)]  |  as of 1995     | 
-| **Military Navigation**                                                | NEB lines 6  - 'International Deep-Sea Bunkers'  and 64 - 'Coastal and Inland Navigation'  | AD estimated within [((bibcite 3))]                                      as of 1990     |+| **Military Navigation**                                                | NEB lines 6  - 'International Deep-Sea Bunkers'  and 64 - 'Coastal and Inland Navigation'  | AD estimated within [(Deichnik2020)]                                      as of 1990     |
  
 __Table 2: Annual over-all fuel consumption in military vehicles and mobile equipment, in terajoules__ __Table 2: Annual over-all fuel consumption in military vehicles and mobile equipment, in terajoules__
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 ^ **Aviation Gasoline**  |       15,2 |       6,35 |       1,09 |       0,26 |       2,48 |       14,8 |       0,00 |       0,04 |       0,17 |       0,00 |       0,00 |       0,00 |       0,00 |      0,00 |       0,13 |       0,00 |       0,17 |       0,04 | ^ **Aviation Gasoline**  |       15,2 |       6,35 |       1,09 |       0,26 |       2,48 |       14,8 |       0,00 |       0,04 |       0,17 |       0,00 |       0,00 |       0,00 |       0,00 |      0,00 |       0,13 |       0,00 |       0,17 |       0,04 |
 | **Ʃ 1.A.5.b**          ^     75.928 ^     34.615 ^     19.267 ^     12.934 ^     10.949 ^      9.676 ^     10.260 ^     10.863 ^      9.735 ^      9.995 ^      6.879 ^      7.339 ^      7.972 ^     8.098 ^      7.952 ^      5.041 ^      4.202 ^      6.968 ^ | **Ʃ 1.A.5.b**          ^     75.928 ^     34.615 ^     19.267 ^     12.934 ^     10.949 ^      9.676 ^     10.260 ^     10.863 ^      9.735 ^      9.995 ^      6.879 ^      7.339 ^      7.972 ^     8.098 ^      7.952 ^      5.041 ^      4.202 ^      6.968 ^
-source: (BAFA, 2019): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Table 7j: "an das Militär" ("to the military") and own estimates for blended biofuels+source: (BAFA, 2020[(BAFA2020)]: Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Table 7j: "an das Militär" ("to the military") and own estimates for blended biofuels
  
 {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_incl_military:1a5b_ad.png?700 }} {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_incl_military:1a5b_ad.png?700 }}
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 |                                                                |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            | |                                                                |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |            |
 | **Ʃ 1.A.5.b**                                           75.928 ^     34.615 ^     19.267 ^     12.934 ^     10.949 ^      9.676 ^     10.260 ^     10.863 ^      9.735 ^      9.995 ^      6.879 ^      7.339 ^      7.972 ^      8.098 ^      7.952 ^      5.041 ^      4.202 ^      6.968 ^ | **Ʃ 1.A.5.b**                                           75.928 ^     34.615 ^     19.267 ^     12.934 ^     10.949 ^      9.676 ^     10.260 ^     10.863 ^      9.735 ^      9.995 ^      6.879 ^      7.339 ^      7.972 ^      8.098 ^      7.952 ^      5.041 ^      4.202 ^      6.968 ^
-source: (BAFA, 2020): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Table 7j: "an das Militär" ("to the military"); BSH, 2020 (for fuel consumption in military navigation) and own estimates for blended biofuels+source: (BAFA, 2020) [(BAFA2020)]: Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Table 7j: "an das Militär" ("to the military"); Deichnik, 2020 [(Deichnik2020)] (for fuel consumption in military navigation) and own estimates for blended biofuels
  
 As the "consumption data" provided here originally represents fuel delivery data, some trends in "annual consumption" are influenced by stock-keeping activities. As the "consumption data" provided here originally represents fuel delivery data, some trends in "annual consumption" are influenced by stock-keeping activities.
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 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
  
-<WRAP center round info 60%>+<WRAP center round info 100%>
 For further information on sub-sector specific emission factors, please refer to the sub-chapters on [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport:ground-based| ground-based ]], [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport:military_aviation| airborne ]] and [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport:military_navigation| naval ]] military activities. For further information on sub-sector specific emission factors, please refer to the sub-chapters on [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport:ground-based| ground-based ]], [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport:military_aviation| airborne ]] and [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport:military_navigation| naval ]] military activities.
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
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 ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== ===== Discussion of emission trends =====
  
-**NFR 1.A.5.b** is key category due to the trend of nitrogen oxides emissions. Here, due to the tier1 emission factors applied, annual emissions strongly correspond with activity data, therefore showing strong decline after 1990 and an ongoing downward trend.+__Table: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__ 
 +|  for: ^  NO<sub>x</sub> 
 +|   by: |  Trend           | 
 + 
 + 
 +Here, due to the tier1 emission factors applied, annual emissions strongly correspond with activity data, therefore showing strong decline after 1990 and an ongoing downward trend.
  
 {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_incl_military:1a5b_em_nox.png?700 }} {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_incl_military:1a5b_em_nox.png?700 }}
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 ===== Uncertainties ===== ===== Uncertainties =====
  
-Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: "Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland" by Knörr et al. (2009) [((bibcite 4))].+Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: "Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland" by Knörr et al. (2009) [(Knoerr2009)].
  
 Uncertainty estimates for **emission factors** were compiled during the PAREST research project. Here, the final report has not yet been published. Uncertainty estimates for **emission factors** were compiled during the PAREST research project. Here, the final report has not yet been published.
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 ===== Planned improvements ===== ===== Planned improvements =====
  
-For further information on sub-sector specific planned improvements, please follow the links above.+With respect to NFR 1.A.5.b as such, no overarching improvements are planned. For further information on possible sub-sector specific improvements, please follow the links above.
  
-[(AGEB2020>AGEB, 2019: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2018.html, (Aufruf: 29.11.2020), Köln & Berlin, 2020)] +[(AGEB2020>AGEB, 2020: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2018.html, (Aufruf: 29.11.2020), Köln & Berlin, 2020)] 
-[(KNOERR2019b>Knörr et al. (2019b): KnörrW., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbHifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2019, Heidelberg, 2019.)] +[(BAFA2020>BAFA2020Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und AusfuhrkontrolleBAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; 
-[(EMEPEEA2019>EMEP/EEA, 2019EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019Copenhagen2019.)] +URL: https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2018_dezember.htmlEschborn2020.)] 
-[(RENTZ2008>Rentz et al.2008Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )] +[(Deichnik2020>Deichnik2020Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH): Pflege und Aktualisierung des Modells zur Berechnung der Energieeinsätze und Emissionen des von deutschen Häfen ausgehenden Seeverkehrs, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Hamburg2020.)] 
-[(KNOERR2009>Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)]+[(Knoerr2009>Knörr et al.,2009: Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)]