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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:international_civil_aviation_-_lto [2021/01/15 21:16] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:international_civil_aviation_-_lto [2021/04/08 08:01] – kotzulla | ||
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- | ^ Method | + | ^ Category Code |
- | | T1, T2, T3 | NS, M | CS, D, M | //no key category// | | + | | 1.A.3.a.i.(i) |
+ | ^ Key Category | ||
+ | | 1.A.3.a.i.(i) | ||
{{page> | {{page> | ||
- | ===== Method ===== | + | \\ |
- | === Actitvity Data === | + | ===== Methodology ===== |
- | Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the [[sector: | + | ==== Actitvity Data ==== |
- | __Table 1: annual | + | Specific |
- | | **1990** | + | |
- | | 13, | + | |
- | source: Knörr et al. (2019c) & Gores (2019) | + | |
- | [[gallery size=" | + | __Table 1: Percentual annual fuel consumption during LTO-stage of international flights__ |
- | : 1A3ai(i)_AD.png | + | | | **1990** |
- | [[/gallery]] | + | ^ Jet Kerosene |
+ | ^ Aviation Gasoline | ||
+ | source: Knörr et al. (2020c) [(KNOERR2020c)] &: Gores (2020) [(GORES2020)] | ||
- | === Emission factors === | + | __Table 2: annual LTO fuel consumption for international flights, in terajoule__ |
+ | | | **1990** | ||
+ | ^ Jet Kerosene | ||
+ | ^ Aviation Gasoline | ||
+ | source: Knörr et al. (2020c) [(KNOERR2020c)] &: Gores (2020) [(GORES2020)] | ||
- | All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 (Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010)) [((bibcite 1))] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [((bibcite 2))]. | + | {{ : |
+ | {{ : | ||
- | For more information, | + | ==== Emission factors ==== |
+ | |||
+ | All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 (Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010)) [(KNOERR2010)] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [(KNOERR2020c)]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | For more information, | ||
__Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | ||
- | | | + | | | **1990** |
- | | **NH< | + | | **JET KEROSENE** |
- | | **NMVOC** | | + | ^ NH< |
- | | **NO< | + | ^ NMVOC | 59,7 | |
- | | **SO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | | **PM< | + | ^ SO< |
- | | **BC< | + | ^ BC< |
- | | **CO** | + | ^ PM< |
- | < | + | ^ CO |
- | <sup>2</ | + | | **AVIATION GASOLINE** |
+ | ^ NH< | ||
+ | ^ NMVOC | 459 | 484 | 466 | 469 | 455 | 456 | 460 | 475 | 470 | 521 | 514 | 515 | 521 | 514 | 495 | 494 | 528 | 548 | | ||
+ | ^ NO< | ||
+ | ^ SO< | ||
+ | ^ BC< | ||
+ | ^ PM< | ||
+ | ^ TSP< | ||
+ | ^ CO | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | <sup>3</ | ||
- | **NOTE: | + | |
+ | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
+ | For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
| | ||
===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ||
Line 53: | Line 78: | ||
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | As mentioned in the superordinate chapter on 1.A.3.a, the LTO fuel consumptions applied in TREMOD AV have been adapted to the the EMERP/EEA Guidebook 2019. [((bibcite 4))] | + | As mentioned in the superordinate chapter on 1.A.3.a, the LTO fuel consumptions applied in TREMOD AV have been adapted to Eurocontrol AEM model and the underlying fleet composition. |
Hence, the percentual annual shares of kerosene consumed during L/TO for international flights have been re-estimated... | Hence, the percentual annual shares of kerosene consumed during L/TO for international flights have been re-estimated... | ||
__Table 3: Revised percentual share of kerosene consumed during L/TO for international flights, in %__ | __Table 3: Revised percentual share of kerosene consumed during L/TO for international flights, in %__ | ||
- | || ||= **1990** ||= **1995** ||= **2000** ||= **2005** ||= **2006** ||= **2007** ||= **2008** ||= **2009** ||= **2010** ||= **2011** ||= **2012** ||= **2013** ||= **2014** ||= **2015** ||= **2016** ||= **2017** ||= | + | | | **1990** |
- | ||~ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
- | ||~ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> 0.79 ||> -0.66 ||> 0.49 ||> 0.53 ||> 0.57 ||> 0.48 ||> 0.34 ||> 0.37 ||> -0.03 ||> -0.95 ||> -0.07 ||> 0.32 ||> -0.01 ||> -0.23 ||> 0.13 ||> 0.68 ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ||~ relative change ||> 10.5% ||> -7.80% ||> 6.37% ||> 7.03% ||> 7.65% ||> 6.37% ||> 4.45% ||> 4.88% ||> -0.39% ||> -10.8% ||> -0.84% ||> | + | ^ relative change |
... and the amounts of kerosene allocated to sub-category 1.A.3.a i (i) were revised accordingly: | ... and the amounts of kerosene allocated to sub-category 1.A.3.a i (i) were revised accordingly: | ||
__Table 4: Revised kerosene usage in 1.A.3.a i (i), in terajoules__ | __Table 4: Revised kerosene usage in 1.A.3.a i (i), in terajoules__ | ||
- | || ||= **1990** ||= **1995** ||= **2000** ||= **2005** ||= **2006** ||= **2007** ||= **2008** ||= **2009** ||= **2010** ||= **2011** ||= **2012** ||= **2013** ||= **2014** ||= **2015** ||= **2016** ||= **2017** ||= | + | | | **1990** |
- | ||~ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
- | ||~ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> 1,257 ||> -1,342 ||> 1,434 ||> 1,736 ||> 1,959 ||> 1,699 ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ||~ relative change ||> 10.1% ||> -7.75% ||> 7.05% ||> 7.41% ||> 8.02% ||> 6.64% ||> 4.76% ||> 5.36% ||> 0.05% ||> -10.4% ||> -0.56% ||> 4.38% ||> -0.11% ||> -2.48% ||> | + | ^ relative change |
- | In parallel, the majority | + | Furthermore, for the first time, the use of aviation gasoline (avgas) for international flights |
- | Here, among others, the EF for SO,,2,, from jet kerosene | + | |
- | __Table 5: Revised country-specific emission factors__ | + | __Table 5: Amounts of avgas consumed during the L/TO stage of international flights from Germany, in terajoules__ |
- | || ||= **1990** ||= **1995** ||= **2000** ||= **2005** ||= **2006** ||= **2007** ||= **2008** ||= **2009** ||= **2010** ||= **2011** ||= **2012** ||= **2013** ||= **2014** ||= **2015** ||= **2016** ||= **2017** ||= | + | | | **1990** |
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | ^ Submission 2021 |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2020 |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> 71.8 ||> 39.0 ||> 32.3 ||> 26.7 ||> 26.5 ||> 25.7 ||> 25.2 ||> 24.2 ||> 23.2 ||> 23.3 ||> 22.5 ||> 21.9 ||> 21.5 ||> 20.8 ||> 20.5 ||> 20.8 ||= | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> -15.2 ||> -1.91 ||> -7.35 ||> -4.15 ||> -3.65 ||> -3.19 ||> -3.10 ||> -2.90 ||> -1.31 ||> -1.48 ||> -0.77 ||> -0.19 ||> -0.23 ||> 1.17 ||> 1.12 ||> | + | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> -21.2% ||> -4.9% ||> -22.7% ||> -15.5% ||> -13.8% ||> -12.4% ||> -12.3% ||> -12.0% ||> -5.63% ||> -6.37% ||> -3.42% ||> -0.87% ||> -1.08% ||> 5.62% ||> 5.45% ||> 7.20% ||= | + | In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors** |
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 283 ||> 299 ||> 285 ||> 307 ||> 310 ||> 314 ||> 316 ||> 324 ||> | + | __Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors applied for jet kerosene__ |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> 302 ||> 310 ||> 307 ||> 322 ||> 324 ||> 328 ||> 330 ||> 336 ||> | + | ^ ^ **1990** |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> -19.0 ||> -10.8 ||> -21.4 ||> -15.1 ||> -13.8 ||> -13.5 ||> -13.5 ||> -12.5 ||> -13.9 ||> -11.6 ||> -14.3 ||> -15.6 ||> -11.9 ||> -18.0 ||> | + | | NH,,3,, |
- | ||~ relative change ||> -6.28% ||> -3.50% ||> -6.99% ||> -4.67% ||> -4.27% ||> -4.11% ||> -4.09% ||> -3.73% ||> -4.04% ||> -3.35% ||> -4.11% ||> -4.42% ||> -3.35% ||> -5.02% ||> -4.62% ||> -4.59% ||= | + | ^ Submission 2020 |
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | ^ Submission 2019 |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 19.7 ||> 19.5 ||> 19.5 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> 25.1 ||> 15.2 ||> 8.5 ||> 6.3 ||> 5.9 ||> 5.5 ||> 5.1 ||> | + | ^ relative change |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> -5.45 ||> 4.30 ||> 11.08 ||> | + | | NMVOC |
- | ||~ relative change ||> -21.7% ||> 28.2% ||> 131% ||> 209% ||> 232% ||> 257% ||> 287% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||= | + | ^ Submission 2020 | 59,7 | 36,1 | 25,7 | 22,9 | 22,9 | 22,5 | 22,0 | 21,2 | 21,2 | 20,8 | 20,5 | 20,3 | 19,9 | 20,5 | 20,2 | 20,8 | 21,4 | |
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | ^ Submission 2019 | 56,6 | 37,1 | 25,0 | 22,6 | 22,8 | 22,5 | 22,1 | 21,3 | 21,9 | 21,8 | 21,8 | 21,7 | 21,2 | 21,9 | 21,7 | 22,3 | 23,0 | |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 2.50 ||> 2.48 ||> 2.48 ||> 2.50 ||> 2.50 ||> 2.50 ||> 2.50 ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> 2.16 ||> 2.16 ||> 2.16 ||> 2.16 ||> 2.16 ||> 2.16 ||> 2.16 ||> 2.16 ||> | + | ^ relative change |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> 0.34 ||> 0.33 ||> 0.33 ||> 0.34 ||> 0.34 ||> 0.34 ||> 0.34 ||> 0.34 ||> 0.34 ||> 0.34 ||> 0.34 ||> 0.34 ||> 0.34 ||> 0.34 ||> 0.34 ||> 0.34 ||= | + | | NO,,x,, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> 15.9% ||> 15.1% ||> 15.1% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7%||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.6% ||> 15.6% ||= | + | ^ Submission 2020 |
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | ^ Submission 2019 | |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 1.20 ||> 1.19 ||> 1.19 ||> 1.20 ||> 1.20 ||> 1.20 ||> 1.20 ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> 1.04 ||> 1.04 ||> 1.04 ||> 1.04 ||> 1.04 ||> 1.04 ||> 1.04 ||> 1.04 ||> | + | ^ relative change |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> 0.17 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||> 0.16 ||= | + | | BC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> 15.9% ||> 15.1% ||> 15.1% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.7% ||> 15.6% ||> 15.6% ||= | + | ^ Submission 2020 | 1,78 | 1,63 | 1,45 | 1,37 | 1,33 | 1,28 | 1,25 | 1,23 | 1,21 | 1,20 | 1,18 | 1,17 | 1,15 | 1,14 | 1,13 | 1,12 | 1,12 | |
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | ^ Submission 2019 | 1,20 | 1,19 | 1,19 | 1,20 | 1,20 | 1,20 | 1,20 | 1,20 | 1,20 | 1,20 | 1,20 | 1,20 | 1,20 | 1,20 | 1,20 | 1,20 | 1,20 | |
- | ||~ Submission | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | ^ relative change |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> -20.1 ||> -8.0 ||> -26.5 ||> -31.5 ||> | + | | PM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> -8.20% ||> -3.59% ||> | + | ^ Submission 2020 | 3,71 | 3,40 | 3,02 | 2,86 | 2,76 | 2,66 | 2,60 | 2,56 | 2,52 | 2,49 | 2,46 | 2,44 | 2,40 | 2,38 | 2,35 | 2,33 | 2,33 | |
+ | ^ Submission 2019 | 2,50 | 2,48 | 2,48 | 2,50 | 2,50 | 2,50 | 2,50 | 2,50 | 2,50 | 2,50 | 2,50 | 2,50 | 2,50 | 2,50 | 2,49 | 2,49 | 2,49 | | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
+ | | CO | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2020 | ||
+ | ^ Submission | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
Line 117: | Line 150: | ||
===== Uncertainties ===== | ===== Uncertainties ===== | ||
- | For uncertainties information, | + | For uncertainties information, |
===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | For information on planned improvements, | + | For information on planned improvements, |
- | ------ | + | ===== FAQs ===== |
- | [[bibliography]] | + | ------ |
- | : 1 : Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https:// | + | [(KNOERR2010> |
- | : 2 : Knörr et al. (2019c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2019 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, | + | [(KNOERR2020c> |
- | : 3 : Gores (2019): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, | + | [(GORES2020> |
- | : 4 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https:// | + | [(EMEPEEA2019> |
- | : 5 : Eurocontrol (2019): Advanced emission model (AEM); https:// | + | [(EUROCONTROL2020> |
- | [[/ | + |