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1.A.3.b vi-vii - Road Transport: Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear and Road Abrasion
This overview chapter provides information on emissions from automobile tyre and brake wear & road abrasion are reported reported in NFR sub-categories 1.A.3.b vi and 1.A.3.b vii. These sub-categories are important sources for a) particle emissions and b) emissions of heavy metals, POPs etc. included in these particles.
| NFR-Code | Name of Category |
|---|---|
| 1.A.3.b vi | Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear |
| 1.A.3.b vii | Automobile Road Abrasion |
Methodology
Activity data
Specific mileage data for all different types of road vehicles are generated within TREMOD (Knörr et al., 2020a) 1). The following table provides an overview of annual mileages.
Table 1: Mileage data for road vehicles 1990-2019, in 106 kilometers
| 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passenger Cars | 492.280 | 535.524 | 565.345 | 580.076 | 581.645 | 585.236 | 582.194 | 592.591 | 596.532 | 606.233 | 607.519 | 612.573 | 623.683 | 630.995 | 638.156 | 643.711 | 643.198 | 645.829 |
| Light Duty Vehicles | 14.259 | 23.294 | 31.541 | 35.938 | 36.679 | 37.830 | 38.290 | 38.755 | 39.226 | 39.703 | 40.185 | 40.673 | 43.112 | 45.330 | 47.457 | 49.698 | 51.918 | 53.659 |
| Heavy Duty Vehicles | 40.827 | 54.279 | 62.659 | 60.974 | 63.492 | 65.618 | 65.395 | 60.917 | 62.979 | 64.519 | 63.810 | 64.318 | 64.822 | 65.823 | 66.697 | 67.346 | 68.059 | 68.968 |
| thereof: Lorries & Trucks | 36.657 | 50.362 | 58.621 | 56.877 | 59.374 | 61.483 | 61.244 | 56.751 | 58.799 | 60.324 | 59.572 | 60.064 | 60.553 | 61.408 | 62.138 | 62.833 | 63.539 | 64.396 |
| thereof: Buses | 4.170 | 3.916 | 4.038 | 4.098 | 4.119 | 4.135 | 4.150 | 4.166 | 4.180 | 4.195 | 4.238 | 4.254 | 4.269 | 4.415 | 4.560 | 4.512 | 4.520 | 4.572 |
| Two-wheelers | 15.734 | 12.303 | 15.161 | 15.621 | 15.647 | 15.804 | 15.616 | 15.807 | 15.298 | 14.866 | 14.463 | 14.196 | 14.200 | 14.508 | 14.519 | 14.523 | 14.625 | 14.842 |
| thereof: Mopeds | 5.917 | 3.830 | 4.047 | 4.191 | 4.278 | 4.548 | 4.686 | 5.192 | 4.990 | 4.855 | 4.742 | 4.755 | 4.684 | 4.870 | 4.831 | 4.749 | 4.849 | 4.922 |
| thereof: Motorcycles | 9.817 | 8.473 | 11.113 | 11.429 | 11.370 | 11.256 | 10.931 | 10.615 | 10.308 | 10.011 | 9.721 | 9.441 | 9.516 | 9.638 | 9.687 | 9.773 | 9.776 | 9.920 |
| TOTAL MILEAGE | 563.099 | 625.399 | 674.705 | 692.609 | 697.463 | 704.488 | 701.495 | 708.069 | 714.035 | 725.321 | 725.977 | 731.761 | 745.817 | 756.655 | 766.829 | 775.277 | 777.801 | 783.298 |
source: TREMOD 6.02 2)
Discussion of emission trends
Please see sub-category chapters 1.A.3.b vi - Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear and 1.A.3.b vii - Automobile Road Abrasion .
Recalculations
Recalculations were carried out due to a fundamental revision of the TREMOD software.
For changes in the emission factors applied, please refer to the sub-ordinate chapters on tyre and brake wear and road abrasion.
Table 2: Revised mileage data , in 106 kilometers
| 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passenger Cars | |||||||||||||||||
| Submission 2021 | 492.280 | 535.524 | 565.345 | 580.076 | 581.645 | 585.236 | 582.194 | 592.591 | 596.532 | 606.233 | 607.519 | 612.573 | 623.683 | 630.995 | 638.156 | 643.711 | 643.198 |
| Submission 2020 | 488.574 | 530.900 | 560.300 | 574.776 | 580.455 | 584.060 | 581.068 | 591.437 | 595.363 | 605.066 | 606.373 | 611.439 | 622.067 | 629.516 | 636.701 | 642.254 | 642.262 |
| absolute change | 3.706 | 4.624 | 5.045 | 5.300 | 1.190 | 1.175 | 1.126 | 1.153 | 1.169 | 1.167 | 1.145 | 1.134 | 1.616 | 1.479 | 1.455 | 1.457 | 937 |
| relative change | 0,76% | 0,87% | 0,90% | 0,92% | 0,21% | 0,20% | 0,19% | 0,20% | 0,20% | 0,19% | 0,19% | 0,19% | 0,26% | 0,23% | 0,23% | 0,23% | 0,15% |
| Light Duty Vehicles | |||||||||||||||||
| Submission 2021 | 14.259 | 23.294 | 31.541 | 35.938 | 36.679 | 37.830 | 38.290 | 38.755 | 39.226 | 39.703 | 40.185 | 40.673 | 43.112 | 45.330 | 47.457 | 49.698 | 51.918 |
| Submission 2020 | 17.964 | 27.917 | 36.585 | 41.203 | 37.802 | 38.927 | 39.282 | 39.748 | 40.218 | 40.694 | 41.178 | 41.669 | 42.056 | 45.639 | 47.752 | 49.912 | 52.276 |
| absolute change | -3.706 | -4.624 | -5.045 | -5.265 | -1.123 | -1.097 | -992 | -993 | -992 | -991 | -993 | -995 | 1.056 | -309 | -295 | -214 | -358 |
| relative change | -20,6% | -16,6% | -13,8% | -12,8% | -2,97% | -2,82% | -2,53% | -2,50% | -2,47% | -2,44% | -2,41% | -2,39% | 2,51% | -0,68% | -0,62% | -0,43% | -0,69% |
| HDVs: Trucks | |||||||||||||||||
| Submission 2021 | 36.657 | 50.362 | 58.621 | 56.877 | 59.374 | 61.483 | 61.244 | 56.751 | 58.799 | 60.324 | 59.572 | 60.064 | 60.553 | 61.408 | 62.138 | 62.833 | 63.539 |
| Submission 2020 | 36.657 | 50.362 | 58.621 | 56.877 | 59.374 | 61.483 | 61.244 | 56.751 | 58.799 | 60.312 | 59.648 | 60.204 | 60.553 | 61.408 | 62.353 | 63.311 | 64.284 |
| absolute change | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 12,0 | -76,2 | -140 | 0,00 | 0,00 | -215 | -478 | -744 |
| relative change | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,02% | -0,13% | -0,23% | 0,00% | 0,00% | -0,35% | -0,76% | -1,16% |
| HDVs: Buses | |||||||||||||||||
| Submission 2021 | 4.170 | 3.916 | 4.038 | 4.098 | 4.119 | 4.135 | 4.150 | 4.166 | 4.180 | 4.195 | 4.238 | 4.254 | 4.269 | 4.415 | 4.560 | 4.512 | 4.520 |
| Submission 2020 | 4.170 | 3.948 | 4.003 | 4.076 | 4.028 | 4.022 | 3.922 | 4.002 | 4.037 | 3.991 | 3.981 | 4.055 | 4.182 | 4.227 | 4.267 | 4.190 | 4.206 |
| absolute change | 0,00 | -31,7 | 34,4 | 21,6 | 90,9 | 113 | 228 | 164 | 143 | 204 | 257 | 199 | 87,7 | 188 | 293 | 322 | 314 |
| relative change | 0,00% | -0,80% | 0,86% | 0,53% | 2,26% | 2,81% | 5,82% | 4,11% | 3,55% | 5,11% | 6,46% | 4,91% | 2,10% | 4,46% | 6,87% | 7,69% | 7,46% |
| Mopeds | |||||||||||||||||
| Submission 2021 | 5.917 | 3.830 | 4.047 | 4.191 | 4.278 | 4.548 | 4.686 | 5.192 | 4.990 | 4.855 | 4.742 | 4.755 | 4.684 | 4.870 | 4.831 | 4.749 | 4.849 |
| Submission 2020 | 5.917 | 3.377 | 3.703 | 3.970 | 4.079 | 4.366 | 4.527 | 5.049 | 4.884 | 4.782 | 4.700 | 4.743 | 4.700 | 4.887 | 4.848 | 4.766 | 4.766 |
| absolute change | 0,00 | 452 | 344 | 222 | 199 | 183 | 159 | 143 | 106 | 73,1 | 41,9 | 12,6 | -16,4 | -17,0 | -16,9 | -16,6 | 83,1 |
| relative change | 0,00% | 13,4% | 9,30% | 5,58% | 4,88% | 4,18% | 3,50% | 2,83% | 2,18% | 1,53% | 0,89% | 0,27% | -0,35% | -0,35% | -0,35% | -0,35% | 1,74% |
| Motorcycles | |||||||||||||||||
| Submission 2021 | 9.817 | 8.473 | 11.113 | 11.429 | 11.370 | 11.256 | 10.931 | 10.615 | 10.308 | 10.011 | 9.721 | 9.441 | 9.516 | 9.638 | 9.687 | 9.773 | 9.776 |
| Submission 2020 | 9.817 | 8.473 | 11.113 | 11.429 | 11.215 | 11.256 | 10.931 | 10.615 | 10.308 | 10.011 | 9.721 | 9.441 | 9.516 | 9.638 | 9.687 | 9.773 | 9.913 |
| absolute change | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 154,35 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | -137 |
| relative change | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 1,38% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | -1,38% |
| REVISED TOTAL MILEAGE | |||||||||||||||||
| Submission 2021 | 522.272 | 571.120 | 612.046 | 631.634 | 633.971 | 638.870 | 636.100 | 647.153 | 651.056 | 660.801 | 662.167 | 667.443 | 680.994 | 690.832 | 700.132 | 707.932 | 709.742 |
| Submission 2020 | 522.272 | 570.668 | 611.702 | 631.378 | 633.551 | 638.609 | 635.808 | 646.850 | 650.773 | 660.553 | 661.973 | 667.291 | 678.339 | 689.680 | 698.989 | 706.705 | 709.217 |
| absolute change | 0,00 | 452 | 344 | 256 | 421 | 261 | 292 | 303 | 283 | 249 | 194 | 151 | 2.655 | 1.153 | 1.143 | 1.226 | 525 |
| relative change | 0,00% | 0,08% | 0,06% | 0,04% | 0,07% | 0,04% | 0,05% | 0,05% | 0,04% | 0,04% | 0,03% | 0,02% | 0,39% | 0,17% | 0,16% | 0,17% | 0,07% |
Planned improvements
1),
2),
3)
Knörr et al. (2020a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2020.
4)
EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019