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sector:ippu:bulk_products:handling_of_bulk_products:start [2021/04/14 06:53] – kotzulla | sector:ippu:bulk_products:handling_of_bulk_products:start [2022/09/22 11:46] (current) – Fix links tarakji | ||
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Official statistics are of limited use in determining handling of bulk products. There are only transport statistics available providing the amounts of several transported materials. | Official statistics are of limited use in determining handling of bulk products. There are only transport statistics available providing the amounts of several transported materials. | ||
- | During a research project carried out by (Müller-BBM) [((bibcite 1))], activity data was derived from primary statistical data from the Federal Statistical Office for Germany (Satistisches Bundesamt, Destatis) and the Federal Motor Transport Authority (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, | + | During a research project carried out by (Müller-BBM) [(MÜLLERBBM2011)], activity data was derived from primary statistical data from the Federal Statistical Office for Germany (Satistisches Bundesamt, Destatis) and the Federal Motor Transport Authority (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, |
- | Here, for all years until 2009, the collection of data for transported goods followed the official **NST/R** (1968) **nomenclature and regulation** (Eurostat, | + | Here, for all years until 2009, the collection of data for transported goods followed the official **NST/R** (1968) **nomenclature and regulation** (Eurostat, |
- | As of 2010, statistical data following the newly implemented **NST-2007** [((bibcite 3))], [((bibcite 4))] **nomenclature and regulation** from Destatis and KBA is applied instead. | + | As of 2010, statistical data following the newly implemented **NST-2007** [(EUROSTAT2015b)], [(DESTATIS2013)] **nomenclature and regulation** from Destatis and KBA is applied instead. |
__Table 1: Overview of primary activity data sources over time__ | __Table 1: Overview of primary activity data sources over time__ | ||
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with | with | ||
- | - PAD< | + | - PAD< |
- | - PAD< | + | - PAD< |
- | - PAD< | + | - PAD< |
As the basic statistics provide only total amounts of imported, exported and domestically transported dry goods without any distinction into bulk and packed goods, the shares of bulk goods had to be estimated via expert judgement during the workshop mentioned above. | As the basic statistics provide only total amounts of imported, exported and domestically transported dry goods without any distinction into bulk and packed goods, the shares of bulk goods had to be estimated via expert judgement during the workshop mentioned above. | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | __Table 2: Amounts of dry, dusty bulk goods handled in Germany 2010-2018, in tonnes__ | + | __Table 2: Amounts of dry, dusty bulk goods handled in Germany 2010-2019, in tonnes__ |
- | ||= **Product / Good / Material** ||= **Mode of transport** ||= **2010** ||= **2011** ||= **2012** ||= **2013** ||= **2014** ||= **2015** ||= **2016** ||= **2017** ||= **2018** ||= | + | | ^ |
- | ||~ other herbal products ||< inland vessel ||> 5,523,633 ||> | + | ^ other herbal products |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ raw mineral chemicals ||< inland vessel ||> 6,794,922 ||> | + | ^ raw mineral chemicals |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ raw organic chemicals ||< inland vessel ||> 6,299,350 ||> | + | ^ raw organic chemicals |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ iron ore ||< inland vessel ||> 25,728,177 ||> | + | ^ iron ore | inland vessel |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ crops ||< inland vessel ||> 9,816,233 ||> | + | ^ crops |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ potatoes ||< inland vessel ||> 1,383 ||> | + | ^ potatoes |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ coal products ||< inland vessel ||> 2,409,311 ||> 1, | + | ^ coal products |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ proiducts from grinding and shelling mills ||< inland vessel ||> 1,782,712 ||> | + | ^ proiducts from grinding and shelling mills | inland vessel |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ mineral fertilisers ||< inland vessel ||> 760,174 ||> | + | ^ mineral fertilisers |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ natural sands, gravel and stones ||< inland vessel ||> 40,518,020 ||> | + | ^ natural sands, gravel and stones |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ non-iron ores ||< inland vessel ||> 1,512,246 ||> 2, | + | ^ non-iron ores |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ raw coals ||< inland vessel ||> 36,652,759 ||> | + | ^ raw coals |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ secondary raw materials ||< inland vessel ||> 15,691,876 ||> | + | ^ secondary raw materials |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ rock & saline salt ||< inland vessel ||> 2,769,356 ||> | + | ^ rock & saline salt | inland vessel |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ noítrogen | + | ^ nitrogen |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ white cement, lime, cement ||< inland vessel ||> 3,273,975 ||> | + | ^ white cement, lime, cement |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ||~ sugar beet ||< inland vessel ||> 0 ||> | + | ^ sugar beet | inland vessel |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | railways |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< | + | ^ ::: | sea-going vessel |
sources: annual data deliveries DESTATIS & KBA (for heavy-duty vehicles) to the inventory compiler | sources: annual data deliveries DESTATIS & KBA (for heavy-duty vehicles) to the inventory compiler | ||
=== Emission factors === | === Emission factors === | ||
- | Emission factors are based on the methodology according VDI guidelines 3790. The values used here originate from a research project by (Müller-BBM, | + | Emission factors are based on the methodology according VDI guidelines 3790. The values used here originate from a research project by (Müller-BBM, |
Within the study, PM emission factors are estimated for each material or good that might be transported as dry and unpacked bulk. These very specific EF are than assigned to the classes of materials/ | Within the study, PM emission factors are estimated for each material or good that might be transported as dry and unpacked bulk. These very specific EF are than assigned to the classes of materials/ | ||
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__Table 2: specific EF for PM emissions from NST/R crop products, in [kg/t], as used for 2009 estimates__ | __Table 2: specific EF for PM emissions from NST/R crop products, in [kg/t], as used for 2009 estimates__ | ||
- | ||= **vehicle type** ||= **TSP** ||= **PM,, | + | |
- | ||||||||= **for barley** || | + | | |
- | ||< inland ship ||> 0.038 ||> 0.019 ||> 0.004 ||> | + | | for barley |
- | ||< railway ||> 0.038 ||> 0.019 ||> 0.004 ||> | + | ^ inland ship | 0.038 | 0.019 | 0.004 | |
- | ||< maritime ship ||> 0.038 ||> 0.019 ||> 0.0038 ||> | + | ^ railway |
- | ||< heavy-duty vehicle ||> 0.038 ||> 0.019 ||> 0.004 ||> | + | ^ maritime ship | 0.038 | 0.019 | |
- | ||||||||= **for oats** || | + | ^ heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< inland ship ||> 0.018 ||> 0.009 ||> 0.002 ||> | + | | for oats |||| |
- | ||< railway ||> 0.018 ||> 0.009 ||> 0.002 ||> | + | ^ inland ship | 0.018 | 0.009 | 0.002 | |
- | ||< maritime ship ||> 0.018 ||> 0.009 ||> 0.00179 ||> | + | ^ railway |
- | ||< heavy-duty vehicle ||> 0.018 ||> 0.009 ||> 0.002 ||> | + | ^ maritime ship | 0.018 | 0.009 | 0.00179 | |
- | ||||||||= **for corn** || | + | ^ heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< inland ship ||> 0.029 ||> 0.014 ||> 0.003 ||> | + | | for corn |||| |
- | ||< railway ||> 0.029 ||> 0.014 ||> 0.003 ||> | + | ^ inland ship | 0.029 | 0.014 | 0.003 | |
- | ||< maritime ship ||> 0.029 ||> 0.014 ||> 0.00287 ||> | + | ^ railway |
- | ||< heavy-duty vehicle ||> 0.029 ||> 0.014 ||> 0.003 ||> | + | ^ maritime ship | 0.029 | 0.014 | 0.00287 | |
- | ||||||||= **for rice** || | + | ^ heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< inland ship ||> 0.015 ||> 0.008 ||> 0.002 ||> | + | | for rice |||| |
- | ||< railway ||> 0.015 ||> 0.008 ||> 0.002 ||> | + | ^ inland ship | 0.015 | 0.008 | 0.002 | |
- | ||< maritime ship ||> 0.015 ||> 0.008 ||> 0.00151 ||> | + | ^ railway |
- | ||< heavy-duty vehicle ||> 0.015 ||> 0.008 ||> 0.002 ||> | + | ^ maritime ship | 0.015 | 0.008 | 0.00151 | |
- | ||||||||= **for rye** || | + | ^ heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< inland ship ||> 0.038 ||> 0.019 ||> 0.004 ||> | + | | for rye |
- | ||< railway ||> 0.038 ||> 0.019 ||> 0.004 ||> | + | ^ inland ship | 0.038 | 0.019 | 0.004 | |
- | ||< maritime ship ||> 0.038 ||> 0.019 ||> 0.0038 ||> | + | ^ railway |
- | ||< heavy-duty vehicle ||> 0.038 ||> 0.019 ||> 0.004 ||> | + | ^ maritime ship | 0.038 | 0.019 | |
- | ||||||||= **for wheat** || | + | ^ heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ||< inland ship ||> 0.038 ||> 0.019 ||> 0.004 ||> | + | | for wheat |
- | ||< railway ||> 0.038 ||> 0.019 ||> 0.004 ||> | + | ^ inland ship | 0.038 | 0.019 | 0.004 | |
- | ||< maritime ship ||> 0.038 ||> 0.019 ||> 0.0038 ||> | + | ^ railway |
- | ||< heavy-duty vehicle ||> 0.038 ||> 0.019 ||> 0.004 ||> | + | ^ maritime ship | 0.038 | 0.019 | |
+ | ^ heavy-duty vehicle | ||
Here, in order to match the new NST-2007 classes for goods and materials, the very specific emission factors used in fomer submissions were converted to aggregated implied emission factors. | Here, in order to match the new NST-2007 classes for goods and materials, the very specific emission factors used in fomer submissions were converted to aggregated implied emission factors. | ||
__Table 3: IEFs used for emission estimates as of 2010, in [kg/t]__ | __Table 3: IEFs used for emission estimates as of 2010, in [kg/t]__ | ||
- | ||= **Product / Good / Material** ||||||= **Heavy-duty vehicles** ||||||= **Railways** ||||||= **Inland vessels** ||||||= **Sea-going | + | | ^ |
- | ||= ||= TSP ||= PM,, | + | | |
- | ||~ Other herbal products ||> 0.032000 ||> 0.016000 ||> 0.003200 ||> 0.024000 ||> 0.012000 ||> 0.002400 ||> 0.022000 ||> 0.011000 ||> 0.002200 ||> 0.028000 ||> 0.014000 ||> 0.002800 ||> | + | ^ Other herbal products |
- | ||~ Chemische Grundstoffe. mineralisch ||> 0.041000 ||> 0.020500 ||> 0.004100 ||> 0.031000 ||> 0.015500 ||> 0.003100 ||> 0.029000 ||> 0.014500 ||> 0.002900 ||> 0.036000 ||> 0.018000 ||> 0.003600 ||> | + | ^ Chemische Grundstoffe. mineralisch |
- | ||~ Raw organic chemicals ||> 0.024000 ||> 0.012000 ||> 0.002400 ||> 0.018000 ||> 0.009000 ||> 0.001800 ||> 0.017000 ||> 0.008500 ||> 0.001700 ||> 0.021000 ||> 0.010500 ||> 0.002100 ||> | + | ^ Raw organic chemicals |
- | ||~ Iron ore ||> 0.057000 ||> 0.028500 ||> 0.005700 ||> 0.042000 ||> 0.021000 ||> 0.004200 ||> 0.040000 ||> 0.020000 ||> 0.004000 ||> 0.050000 ||> 0.025000 ||> 0.005000 ||> | + | ^ Iron ore | 0.057000 |
- | ||~ Crops ||> 0.045000 ||> 0.022500 ||> 0.004500 ||> 0.034000 ||> 0.017000 ||> 0.003400 ||> 0.031000 ||> 0.015500 ||> 0.003100 ||> 0.039000 ||> 0.019500 ||> 0.003900 ||> | + | ^ Crops |
- | ||~ Potatoes ||> 0.007000 ||> 0.003500 ||> 0.000700 ||> 0.005000 ||> 0.002500 ||> 0.000500 ||> 0.005000 ||> 0.002500 ||> 0.000500 ||> 0.006000 ||> 0.003000 ||> 0.000600 ||> | + | ^ Potatoes |
- | ||~ Coal products ||> 0.019000 ||> 0.009500 ||> 0.001900 ||> 0.014000 ||> 0.007000 ||> 0.001400 ||> 0.013000 ||> 0.006500 ||> 0.001300 ||> 0.017000 ||> 0.008500 ||> 0.001700 ||> | + | ^ Coal products |
- | ||~ Products from grinding and shelling mills ||> 0.003000 ||> 0.001500 ||> 0.000300 ||> 0.003000 ||> 0.001500 ||> 0.000300 ||> 0.003000 ||> 0.001500 ||> 0.000300 ||> 0.003000 ||> 0.001500 ||> 0.000300 ||> | + | ^ Products from grinding and shelling mills |
- | ||~ Mineral fertilisers ||> 0.024000 ||> 0.012000 ||> 0.002400 ||> 0.018000 ||> 0.009000 ||> 0.001800 ||> 0.017000 ||> 0.008500 ||> 0.001700 ||> 0.021000 ||> 0.010500 ||> 0.002100 ||> | + | ^ Mineral fertilisers |
- | ||~ Natural sands. gravel. and stones ||> 0.027000 ||> 0.013500 ||> 0.002700 ||> 0.020000 ||> 0.010000 ||> 0.002000 ||> 0.019000 ||> 0.009500 ||> 0.001900 ||> 0.023000 ||> 0.011500 ||> 0.002300 ||> | + | ^ Natural sands. gravel. and stones |
- | ||~ Non-iron ores ||> 0.066000 ||> 0.033000 ||> 0.006600 ||> 0.049000 ||> 0.024500 ||> 0.004900 ||> 0.046000 ||> 0.023000 ||> 0.004600 ||> 0.058000 ||> 0.029000 ||> 0.005800 ||> | + | ^ Non-iron ores |
- | ||~ Raw coals ||> 0.016000 ||> 0.008000 ||> 0.001600 ||> 0.016000 ||> 0.008000 ||> 0.001600 ||> 0.020000 ||> 0.010000 ||> 0.002000 ||> 0.028000 ||> 0.014000 ||> 0.002800 ||> | + | ^ Raw coals |
- | ||~ Secondary raw materials ||> 0.027000 ||> 0.013500 ||> 0.002700 ||> 0.020000 ||> 0.010000 ||> 0.002000 ||> 0.019000 ||> 0.009500 ||> 0.001900 ||> 0.023000 ||> 0.011500 ||> 0.002300 ||> | + | ^ Secondary raw materials |
- | ||~ Rock & saline salt ||> 0.068000 ||> 0.034000 ||> 0.006800 ||> 0.051000 ||> 0.025500 ||> 0.005100 ||> 0.047000 ||> 0.023500 ||> 0.004700 ||> 0.059000 ||> 0.029500 ||> 0.005900 ||> | + | ^ Rock & saline salt | 0.068000 |
- | ||~ Nitrogen fertilisers ||> 0.024000 ||> 0.012000 ||> 0.002400 ||> 0.018000 ||> 0.009000 ||> 0.001800 ||> 0.017000 ||> 0.008500 ||> 0.001700 ||> 0.021000 ||> 0.010500 ||> 0.002100 ||> | + | ^ Nitrogen fertilisers |
- | ||~ White cement. lime. cement ||> 0.005000 ||> 0.002500 ||> 0.000500 ||> 0.004000 ||> 0.002000 ||> 0.000400 ||> 0.003000 ||> 0.001500 ||> 0.000300 ||> 0.004000 ||> 0.002000 ||> 0.000400 ||> | + | ^ White cement. lime. cement |
- | ||~ Sugar beet ||> 0.000240 ||> 0.000120 ||> 0.000024 ||> 0.000180 ||> 0.000090 ||> 0.000018 ||> 0.000170 ||> 0.000085 ||> 0.000017 ||> 0.000210 ||> 0.000105 ||> 0.000021 ||> | + | ^ Sugar beet | 0.000240 |
- | +++ Ratio TSP : PM,,10,, : PM,,2.5,, | ||
- | The shares of PM,,10,, and PM,,2.5,, of the entire amounts of emitted TSP have been set to fixed values used for the entire time series. | + | ** Ratio TSP : PM< |
+ | |||
+ | The shares of PM<sub>10</ | ||
Assumptions: | Assumptions: | ||
- | * TSP = 100%, | + | - TSP = 100%, |
- | * 50% of TSP are =< 10 µm. Therefore, the EF(PM,,10,,) are assumed as 1/2 of the corresponding EF(TSP), and | + | |
- | * 10% of TSP are =< 2.5 µm. Therefore, the EF(PM,,2.5,,) are assumed as 1/10 of the corresponding EF(TSP). | + | |
- | [[image PM-ratios.PNG]] | + | The ratios of TSP, PM<sub>10</ |
- | + | ||
- | The ratios of TSP, PM,,10,,, and PM,,2.5,, were also discussed in the research project mentioned above, but without generating any new data. Nonetheless, | + | |
- | |||
- | ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ||
- | |||
- | > **NFR 2.L(a)** is key category for **PM,, | ||
- | |||
- | In general, diffuse particulate matter emissions depend strongly on the amounts of dry bulk goods handled and transported. In addition, due to efforts to prevent such particle emissions, the time series of the emission factors applied for all three fractions of particulate matter show a falling trend. | ||
- | |||
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
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Although no specific improvement is planned, additional effort will be necessary to further minimise the inconsistencies in the activity data time series resulting from the different approaches applied. | Although no specific improvement is planned, additional effort will be necessary to further minimise the inconsistencies in the activity data time series resulting from the different approaches applied. | ||
- | ------ | ||
- | [[bibliography]] | + | |
- | : 1 : Müller-BBM, | + | [(MÜLLERBBM2011> |
- | : 2 : Eurostat, 2015a: Standard Goods Classification for Transport Statistics/ | + | [(EUROSTAT2015a> |
- | : 3 : Eurostat, 2015b: Standard goods classification for transport statistics, 2007 - URL: http:// | + | [(EUROSTAT2015b> |
- | : 4 : Destatis, 2013: Statistisches Bundesamt, Verkehr, NST-2007: Einheitliches Güterverzeichnis für die Verkehrsstatistik – 2007 - URL: https:// | + | [(DESTATIS2013> |
- | [[/ | + |