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sector:ippu:chemical_industry:ammonia_production:start [2021/04/15 09:58] – [Planned improvements] kotzullasector:ippu:chemical_industry:ammonia_production:start [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ^ Category Code  ^  Method                                ||||^  AD                                ||||^  EF                                  ||||| ^ Category Code  ^  Method                                ||||^  AD                                ||||^  EF                                  |||||
 | 2.B.1        |  T2                                    |||||  PS                                |||||  D                                  ||||| | 2.B.1        |  T2                                    |||||  PS                                |||||  D                                  |||||
-^  Key Category  ^  SO₂      NOₓ  ^  NH₃  ^  NMVOC  ^  CO    BC    Pb    Hg    Cd    Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^  TSP  ^  PM₁₀  ^  PM₂ ₅  ^+^  Key Category  ^  SO₂      NOₓ  ^  NH₃  ^  NMVOC  ^  CO    BC    Pb    Hg    Cd    Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^  TSP  ^  PM₁₀  ^  PM₂.₅  ^
 | 2.B.1            -          |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -      |  -    |  -    |  -    |  -    |  -    |  -      -    |  -    |  -    |  -      -      | | 2.B.1            -          |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -      |  -    |  -    |  -    |  -    |  -    |  -      -    |  -    |  -    |  -      -      |
  
 {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} \\ {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} \\
  
-Ammonia is produced on the basis of hydrogen and nitrogen, using the Haber-Bosch process. Hydrogen is produced from synthetic gas based on natural gasvia a highly integrated process, steam reforming, while nitrogen is produced via air dissociation. +Ammonia is synthesised from hydrogen and nitrogen, using the Haber-Bosch process. Hydrogen is produced from synthetic gas – which in turn is produced from natural gas – via a highly integrated process, steam reforming. Nitrogen is produced via air dissociation. 
-The various plant types for the production of ammonia cannot be divided into individual units and be compared as independent process parts, due to the highly integrated character of the procedure. In **steam reforming**, the following processes are distinguished:+The various plant types involved in the production of ammonia cannot be divided into individual units nor be considered as independent process parts, due to the highly integrated character of the procedure. In **steam reforming**, the following process parts are distinguished:
  
   * ACP - Advanced Conventional Process - with a fired primary reformer and secondary reforming with excess air (stoichiometric H/N ratio)   * ACP - Advanced Conventional Process - with a fired primary reformer and secondary reforming with excess air (stoichiometric H/N ratio)
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-The following procedure is also used: +The following process is also used for ammonia synthesis
-**Partial oxidation** – Gasification of fractions of heavy mineral oil or vacuum residues in production of synthetic gas. +**Partial oxidation**, which is the gasification of fractions of heavy mineral oil or vacuum residues in the production of synthetic gas. 
-Most plants operate according to the steam-reforming principle, with naphtha or natural gas. Only 3 % of European plants use the partial oxidation procedure.+Most plants operate using steam-reforming, with naphtha or natural gas. Only 3 % of European plants use partial oxidation.
  
  
-The production decrease of more than 15 % in the first year after German reunification was the result of a market shake-up, over 2/3 of which was borne by the new German Länder. The production level then remained nearly constant in the succeeding years until 1994. The reasons for the re-increase as of 1995to the 1990 levelare not understood; the re-increase may be due to a change in statistical survey methods, however. After 1990, production levels fluctuated only slightly. Since then, the rate of ammonia production has been stable.+The production decrease of more than 15 % in the first year after German reunification was the result of a market shakeup, over 2/3 of which was borne by the new German Länder. The production level then remained nearly constant in the succeeding years until 1994. The reasons for the re-increase as of 1995 back to the 1990 level are not understood; the re-increase may however be due to a change in statistical survey methods. After 1990, production levels fluctuated only slightly. Since then, the rate of ammonia production has been stable.
  
-===== Methodology ===== +===== Method ===== 
-There were five plants in Germany which produced ammonia, using both processes+There were five plants in Germany which produced ammonia, using both steam reforming and partial oxidation
-But since the mid of 2014 there are only four left. Both processes are still used, the Steam-Reforming-Process and the partial oxidation +Since mid 2014 there are only four left, but both processes are still used.
  
 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
-As the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from ammonia production are a key category, activity data are collected plant-specifically: The AD are delivered based on a cooperation aggrement with the ammonia producers and the IVA (Industrieverband Agrar). The plant specific data are made anonymous by the IVA and then are send to the UBA.+As the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from ammonia production are a key category, activity data is collected plant-specifically: The AD is delivered based on a cooperation agreement with the ammonia producers and the IVA (Industrieverband Agrar). The plant specific data is made anonymous by the IVA and then is sent to the UBA.
  
 ==== Emission factor ==== ==== Emission factor ====
-For NO<sub>x</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>, the default emission factors of the CORINAIR Guidebooks of 1 kg/t NH<sub>3</sub> for NO<sub>x</sub> and respectively 0.01kg/t NH<sub>3</sub> for NH<sub>3</sub>  are used (EEA, 2013) [(EEA, 2013: EMEP EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook 2013, Aug 2013: page 15, table 3.2: Tier 1 emission factors for source category 2.B.1 Ammonia production)]. +For NO<sub>x</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> and CO, the default emission factors from the CORINAIR Guidebooks of 1 kg/t NH<sub>3</sub> for NO<sub>x</sub>0.01kg/t NH<sub>3</sub> for NH<sub>3</sub> and 0.1 kg/t NH<sub>3</sub> for CO  are used (EEA, 2013) [(EEA, 2013: EMEP EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook 2013, Aug 2013: page 15, table 3.2: Tier 1 emission factors for source category 2.B.1 Ammonia production)]. 
  
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====