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sector:ippu:other_solvent_and_product_use:other_solvent_use:start [2021/02/26 10:29] – [Table] gniffkesector:ippu:other_solvent_and_product_use:other_solvent_use:start [2022/10/17 12:53] (current) – Fix link tarakji
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 In source category //2.D.3.i - Other Solvent Use//, emissions from various product groups and processes and also from lubricants use in stationary and mobile applications are reported. Relevant pollutants are NMVOC and some heavy metals. In source category //2.D.3.i - Other Solvent Use//, emissions from various product groups and processes and also from lubricants use in stationary and mobile applications are reported. Relevant pollutants are NMVOC and some heavy metals.
  
-__Table 1: Overview of emission sources covered__ +^ Category Code                                                                                             ^  Pollutants                                   ||^  Method                    |||^  AD                          |||^  EF                           |||| 
-^  Emission sources                                                                                Pollutants                      Method  ^  AD      EF  ^  Key Category      ^ +| [[#Other solvent use|2.D.3.i - Other solvent use]]                                                        |  NMVOC                                        |||  T2                        ||||  NS                          ||||  CS                           |||| 
-| [[#Other solvent use|Other solvent use]]                                                        |  NMVOC                          |  T2      |  NS      CS  |  ** L&T: ** NMVOC  | +| [[#Use of lubricants in stationary applications|2.D.3.i - Use of lubricants in stationary applications]]  |  NMVOC                                        |||  T2                        ||||  NS                          ||||  CS                           |||| 
-| [[#Use of lubricants in stationary applications|Use of lubricants in stationary applications]]  |  NMVOC                          |  T2      |  NS      CS  |                    | +| [[#Use of lubricants in mobile applications|2.D.3.i - Use of lubricants in mobile applications]]          |  Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn                |||  T1                        ||||  NS, M                       ||||  D                            |||| 
-| [[#Use of lubricants in mobile applications|Use of lubricants in mobile applications]]          |  Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn  |  T1      |  NS, M  |  D                      | +^  Key Category                                                                                             ^  SO₂                            ^  NOₓ  ^  NH₃  ^  NMVOC    CO  ^  BC  ^  Pb  ^  Hg      Cd  ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^  TSP  ^  PM₁₀  ^  PM₂ ₅  ^ 
- +| 2.D.3.i                                                                                                   |  -                              |  -    |  -    |  L/T      -    -    -    -      |  -    -      -    |  -    |  -    |  -      -      |
-^ Category Code                                                                                   ^  Pollutants                                   ||^  Method                    |||^  AD                          |||^  EF                           |||| +
-| [[#Other solvent use|Other solvent use]]                                                        |  NMVOC                                        |||  T2                        ||||  NS                          ||||  CS                           |||| +
-| [[#Use of lubricants in stationary applications|Use of lubricants in stationary applications]]  |  NMVOC                                        |||  T2                        ||||  NS                          ||||  CS                           |||| +
-| [[#Use of lubricants in mobile applications|Use of lubricants in mobile applications]]          |  Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn                |||  T1                        ||||  NS, M                       ||||  D                            |||| +
-^  Key Category                                                                                   ^  SO₂                            ^  NOₓ  ^  NH₃  ^  NMVOC    CO  ^  BC  ^  Pb  ^  Hg      Cd  ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^  TSP  ^  PM₁₀  ^  PM₂ ₅  ^ +
-| 2.D.3.i                                                                                         |  -                              |  -    |  -    |  L/T      -    -    -    -      |  -    -      -    |  -    |  -    |  -      -      |+
  {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}  {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}
 \\ \\
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 \\ \\
-====== 2.D.3.i - Other solvent use ====== +===== 2.D.3.i - Other solvent use ===== 
-===== Method =====+==== Method ====
  
 In sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Other solvent use// the following product groups and processes are taken into consideration: In sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Other solvent use// the following product groups and processes are taken into consideration:
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     * Applications in scientific laboratories (R&D; analyses; universities)     * Applications in scientific laboratories (R&D; analyses; universities)
  
-== General procedure ==+=== General procedure ===
  
 NMVOC emissions are calculated in keeping with a product-consumption-oriented approach. In this approach, solvent-based products or solvents are allocated to the source category, and then the relevant NMVOC emissions are calculated from those solvent quantities via specific emission factors. Thus, the use of this method is possible with the following valid input figures for each product group: NMVOC emissions are calculated in keeping with a product-consumption-oriented approach. In this approach, solvent-based products or solvents are allocated to the source category, and then the relevant NMVOC emissions are calculated from those solvent quantities via specific emission factors. Thus, the use of this method is possible with the following valid input figures for each product group:
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 ==== Discussion of emission trends ==== ==== Discussion of emission trends ====
-== General information ==+=== General information ===
 Since 1990, so the data, NMVOC emissions from use of solvents and solvent-containing products in general have decreased by nearly 38%. The main emissions reductions have been achieved in the years since 1999. This successful reduction has occurred especially because of regulatory provisions such as the 31st Ordinance on the execution of the Federal Immissions Control Act (Ordinance on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain facilities – 31. BImSchV), the 2nd such ordinance (Ordinance on the limitation of emissions of highly volatile halogenated organic compounds – 2. BImSchV) and the TA Luft. Since 1990, so the data, NMVOC emissions from use of solvents and solvent-containing products in general have decreased by nearly 38%. The main emissions reductions have been achieved in the years since 1999. This successful reduction has occurred especially because of regulatory provisions such as the 31st Ordinance on the execution of the Federal Immissions Control Act (Ordinance on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain facilities – 31. BImSchV), the 2nd such ordinance (Ordinance on the limitation of emissions of highly volatile halogenated organic compounds – 2. BImSchV) and the TA Luft.
  
-== Specific information ==+=== Specific information ===
 Until 1999, data of the present source categories 2.D.3.a, 2.D.3.h and 2.D.3.i were treated as one source group. Since 2000, a more detailed data collection enables to follow the development of source group 2.D.3.i, which accounts for about 1/5 to 1/4 of total NMVOC emissions from solvent-based products. Compared to 2005, emissions went down mainly due to a clearly reduced consumption of concrete additives.  Until 1999, data of the present source categories 2.D.3.a, 2.D.3.h and 2.D.3.i were treated as one source group. Since 2000, a more detailed data collection enables to follow the development of source group 2.D.3.i, which accounts for about 1/5 to 1/4 of total NMVOC emissions from solvent-based products. Compared to 2005, emissions went down mainly due to a clearly reduced consumption of concrete additives. 
  
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 ------------------------------- -------------------------------
-====== Use of lubricants in stationary applications ====== +===== Use of lubricants in stationary applications ===== 
-===== Method =====+==== Method ====
  
 Sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Use of lubricants in stationary applications// comprises the entire use phase including the process stages of input and output. The products or lubricants covered here, are: Sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Use of lubricants in stationary applications// comprises the entire use phase including the process stages of input and output. The products or lubricants covered here, are:
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-=== Uncertainties ===+==== Uncertainties ====
  
 For activity data, an uncertainty of 5 percent is assumed considering the well developed national statistics. For activity data, an uncertainty of 5 percent is assumed considering the well developed national statistics.
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-===== Recalculations =====+==== Recalculations ====
  
-No recalculation.+Recalculation of NMVOC emissions in the year 2011 due to correction of emission factor (wrong decimal point).
  
- +<WRAP center round info 60%> 
-===== Planned improvements =====+For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]]. 
 +</WRAP> 
 +==== Planned improvements ====
  
 No category-specific improvements are planned. No category-specific improvements are planned.
  
-===== Bibliography =====+==== Bibliography ====
  
 **Lit.  1:** Official Mineral-oil Data (amtliche Mineralöldaten) of the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA).) \\  **Lit.  1:** Official Mineral-oil Data (amtliche Mineralöldaten) of the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA).) \\ 
Line 177: Line 173:
 **Lit.  6:** Kline & Company. Lubricant Consumption and Used Oil Generation in California: A Segmented Market Analysis: Part II: Collectable Used Oil Availability in California, 2000-2011. published 03/03/2015: Sacramento, CA, USA, 2012.) \\  **Lit.  6:** Kline & Company. Lubricant Consumption and Used Oil Generation in California: A Segmented Market Analysis: Part II: Collectable Used Oil Availability in California, 2000-2011. published 03/03/2015: Sacramento, CA, USA, 2012.) \\ 
 **Lit.  7:** UNEP. Compendium of Recycling and Destruction Technologies for Waste Oils: Osaka, Japan, 2012.) \\  **Lit.  7:** UNEP. Compendium of Recycling and Destruction Technologies for Waste Oils: Osaka, Japan, 2012.) \\ 
-**Lit.  8:** VSI. Getriebeöle; http://www.vsi-schmierstoffe.de/schmierstoffe/technische-information/getriebeoele.html.) \\ +**Lit.  8:** VSI. Getriebeöle; https://www.vsi-schmierstoffe.de/index.php.) \\ 
 **Lit.  9:** Vidal-Abarca, G. C.; Kaps, R.; Oliver, W.; Escamilla, M.; Josa, J.; Riera, M. R.; Benedicto, E. Revision of European Ecolabel Criteria for Lubricants. Preliminary Report: Sevilla, 2016.) \\  **Lit.  9:** Vidal-Abarca, G. C.; Kaps, R.; Oliver, W.; Escamilla, M.; Josa, J.; Riera, M. R.; Benedicto, E. Revision of European Ecolabel Criteria for Lubricants. Preliminary Report: Sevilla, 2016.) \\ 
 **Lit. 10:** Möller, U. J. Altölentsorgung durch Verwertung und Beseitigung; Kontakt & Studium Bd. 253; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2004.) \\  **Lit. 10:** Möller, U. J. Altölentsorgung durch Verwertung und Beseitigung; Kontakt & Studium Bd. 253; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2004.) \\ 
 **Lit. 11:** Bartz, W. J.; Springer, G.; Blanke, H.-J. Expert Praxislexikon Tribologie Plus: 2010 Begriffe für Studium und Beruf, 2., völlig neubearb. Aufl. des Lexikons der Schmierungstechnik von G. Vögtle; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2000.) \\  **Lit. 11:** Bartz, W. J.; Springer, G.; Blanke, H.-J. Expert Praxislexikon Tribologie Plus: 2010 Begriffe für Studium und Beruf, 2., völlig neubearb. Aufl. des Lexikons der Schmierungstechnik von G. Vögtle; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2000.) \\ 
-**Lit. 12:** VSI. Grundöle; http://www.vsi-schmierstoffe.de/schmierstoffe/technische-information/grundoele.html.) \\ +**Lit. 12:** VSI. Grundöle; https://www.vsi-schmierstoffe.de/index.php.) \\ 
 **Lit. 13:** Kolshorn, K.-U.; Wiesert, P.; Götz, R.; Rippen, G. Ermittlung von Altölvermeidungspotentialen: UBA-Forschungsvorhaben Nr. 103 60 111; Trischler und Partner GmbH: Darmstadt, 1996.) \\  **Lit. 13:** Kolshorn, K.-U.; Wiesert, P.; Götz, R.; Rippen, G. Ermittlung von Altölvermeidungspotentialen: UBA-Forschungsvorhaben Nr. 103 60 111; Trischler und Partner GmbH: Darmstadt, 1996.) \\ 
 **Lit. 14:** UBA, 2018: Zimmermann, T.; Jepsen, D. (2018) Entwicklung von Methoden zur Berechnung von Treibhausgas- und Luftschadstoffemissionen aus der Verwendung von Schmierstoffen und Wachsen.) \\  **Lit. 14:** UBA, 2018: Zimmermann, T.; Jepsen, D. (2018) Entwicklung von Methoden zur Berechnung von Treibhausgas- und Luftschadstoffemissionen aus der Verwendung von Schmierstoffen und Wachsen.) \\ 
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 In sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Use of lubricants in mobile applications//, the German air pollutant emisisons inventory includes emissions from the unintentional co-incineration of lubricants in mobile sources. In sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Use of lubricants in mobile applications//, the German air pollutant emisisons inventory includes emissions from the unintentional co-incineration of lubricants in mobile sources.
  
-In contrast, emissions from the stationary use of lubricants are reported in [[#Use of lubricants in stationary applications|2.D.3.i - Use of lubricants in stationary applications]].+As emissions from the use of lubricants in stationary machinery result mostly from the evaporation whereas emissions from mobile machinery result mostly from the unintentional co-incineration within the engine, the methods for emission calculation differ widely.  
 + 
 +Therefore, the approaches for estimating emissions from these two areas of lubricant application are looked at in separate sub-chapters linked below. 
 + 
 +===== Methodology ===== 
 + 
 +====Activity data==== 
 + 
 +Basically, the amounts of lubricants unintentionally co-incinerated in engines other than 2-strokes is estimated from the annual amounts of fuels used in these engines, excluding the amounts of fuels used for international aviation and navigation.  
 + 
 +Here, the majority of lubricant co-incineration takes place in road vehicles. These related amounts of co-incinerated lubricants are calculated directly within TREMOD [(KNOERR2020a)]. 
 + 
 +__Table 1: Annual amounts of lubricants co-incinerated in mobile vehicles and machinery - excluding 2-stroke engines, in terajoules__ 
 +^  1990    1995    2000    2005    2006    2007    2008    2009    2010    2011    2012    2013    2014    2015    2016    2017    2018    2019   ^ 
 +|  1,415  |  1,606  |  1,710  |  1,747  |  1,755  |  1,769  |  1,762  |  1,776  |  1,791  |  1,824  |  1,822  |  1,838  |  1,877  |  1,915  |  1,956  |  1,980  |  1,759  |  1,769  | 
 + 
 +source: own estimations and TREMOD [(KNOERR2020a)] 
 + 
 +The **emission factors** are derived from chapter //1.A.3.b.i-iv Road transport 2019//, Table 3-80 of the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019 [(EMEPEEA2019)]. 
 + 
 +These default EF in [ppm HM /wt lubricant] have been transferred into [g HM/kg lubricant] via a NCV of 0.03985 GJ/kg into the following values: 
 + 
 +__Table 2: tier1 emission factors for heavy-metal emissions from co-incinerated lubricantsin g/TJ__ 
 +^  **As**  ^  **Cd**  ^  **Cr**  ^  **Cu**  ^  **Hg**  ^  **Ni**  ^  **Pb**  ^  **Se**  ^  **Zn** 
 +|  0.00    |  114      482      19,523  |  0.00    |  800      0.81    |  114      11,297 
 + 
 +===== Discussion of emission trends ===== 
 + 
 +With default emission factors applied, emissions' trends depend solely on the amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants (see Table 1). 
 + 
 +__Table 3: Annual heavy-metal emissions from co-incinerated lubricants, in metric tonnes__ 
 +|      ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2006  ^  2007  ^  2008  ^  2009  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^ 
 +^  As  |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 | 
 +^  Cd  |   0,16 |   0,18 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,21 |   0,21 |   0,21 |   0,21 |   0,22 |   0,22 |   0,23 |   0,20 |   0,20 | 
 +^  Cr  |   0,68 |   0,77 |   0,82 |   0,84 |   0,85 |   0,85 |   0,85 |   0,86 |   0,86 |   0,88 |   0,88 |   0,89 |   0,90 |   0,92 |   0,94 |   0,95 |   0,85 |   0,85 | 
 +^  Cu  |  27,62 |  31,35 |  33,38 |  34,10 |  34,26 |  34,53 |  34,41 |  34,68 |  34,97 |  35,61 |  35,57 |  35,89 |  36,65 |  37,38 |  38,19 |  38,66 |  34,34 |  34,54 | 
 +^  Hg  |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 | 
 +^  Ni  |   1,13 |   1,28 |   1,37 |   1,40 |   1,40 |   1,42 |   1,41 |   1,42 |   1,43 |   1,46 |   1,46 |   1,47 |   1,50 |   1,53 |   1,57 |   1,58 |   1,41 |   1,42 | 
 +^  Pb  |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 | 
 +^  Se  |   0,16 |   0,18 |   0,19 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,21 |   0,21 |   0,21 |   0,21 |   0,22 |   0,22 |   0,23 |   0,20 |   0,20 | 
 +^  Zn  |  15,98 |  18,14 |  19,32 |  19,73 |  19,83 |  19,98 |  19,91 |  20,07 |  20,24 |  20,61 |  20,59 |  20,77 |  21,21 |  21,63 |  22,10 |  22,37 |  19,87 |  19,99 | 
 +===== Recalculations===== 
 + 
 +**Activity data** (annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants) have been revised slightly for the entire time series. 
 +Here, for 2018 only, larger changes occur due to the finalisation of this year's National Energy Balance. 
 + 
 +__Table: Revised annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants, in terajoules__ 
 +|                  ^ 1990    1995    2000  ^  2005  ^  2006  ^  2007  ^  2008  ^  2009  ^  2010  ^  2011    2012    2013    2014  ^  2015  ^  2016    2017  ^  2018   ^ 
 +^ Submission 2021  |  1,413 |   1,611 |  1,723 |  1,754 |  1,767 |  1,789 |  1,780 |  1,789 |  1,802 |   1,831 |   1,831 |   1,847 |  1,887 |  1,922 |   1,945 |  1,974 |   1,973 | 
 +^ Submission 2020  |  1,413 |   1,611 |  1,722 |  1,751 |  1,760 |  1,782 |  1,776 |  1,788 |  1,802 |   1,832 |   1,831 |   1,848 |  1,881 |  1,914 |   1,947 |  1,968 |   1,974 | 
 +^ absolute change  |   0.18 |   -0.12 |   0.61 |   3.28 |   7.15 |   6.21 |   3.75 |   0.26 |   0.07 |   -0.85 |   -0.76 |   -1.41 |   5.98 |   8.27 |   -1.55 |   5.05 |   -1.30 | 
 +^ relative change  |  0.01% |  -0.01% |  0.04% |  0.19% |  0.41% |  0.35% |  0.21% |  0.01% |  0.00% |  -0.05% |  -0.04% |  -0.08% |  0.32% |  0.43% |  -0.08% |  0.26% |  -0.07% | 
 + 
 +On the other hand, the tier1 **emission factors** applied so far, remain unrevised compared to last year's submission. 
 + 
 +Therefore, the canges in the **emission estimates** reported for this sub-category result solely from the named revisions in activity data. 
 + 
 +<WRAP center round info 60%> 
 +For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]]
 +</WRAP> 
 + 
 +===== Planned improvements =====  
 + 
 +Although there are no improvements planned for this specific sub-category, several routine model revisions are scheduled for mobile sources with impact on fuel consumption data and, hence, the amounts of  unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants.
  
 +[(KNOERR2020a> Knörr et al. (2020a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2020. )].
 +[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, URL: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-b-i/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)]