meta data for this page
  •  

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
Next revision		Previous revision
sector:ippu:other_solvent_and_product_use:other_solvent_use:start [2021/02/26 12:17] – header levels fixed gniffkesector:ippu:other_solvent_and_product_use:other_solvent_use:start [2022/10/17 12:53] (current) – Fix link tarakji
Line 4: Line 4:
  
 In source category //2.D.3.i - Other Solvent Use//, emissions from various product groups and processes and also from lubricants use in stationary and mobile applications are reported. Relevant pollutants are NMVOC and some heavy metals. In source category //2.D.3.i - Other Solvent Use//, emissions from various product groups and processes and also from lubricants use in stationary and mobile applications are reported. Relevant pollutants are NMVOC and some heavy metals.
- 
-__Table 1: Overview of emission sources covered__ 
-^  Emission sources                                                                               ^  Pollutants                     ^  Method  ^  AD     ^  EF  ^  Key Category      ^ 
-| [[#Other solvent use|Other solvent use]]                                                        |  NMVOC                          |  T2      |  NS     |  CS  |  ** L&T: ** NMVOC  | 
-| [[#Use of lubricants in stationary applications|Use of lubricants in stationary applications]]  |  NMVOC                          |  T2      |  NS     |  CS  |                    | 
-| [[#Use of lubricants in mobile applications|Use of lubricants in mobile applications]]          |  Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn  |  T1      |  NS, M  |  D   |                    | 
  
 ^ Category Code                                                                                             ^  Pollutants                                   ||^  Method                    |||^  AD                          |||^  EF                           |||| ^ Category Code                                                                                             ^  Pollutants                                   ||^  Method                    |||^  AD                          |||^  EF                           ||||
Line 161: Line 155:
 ==== Recalculations ==== ==== Recalculations ====
  
-No recalculation. +Recalculation of NMVOC emissions in the year 2011 due to correction of emission factor (wrong decimal point).
  
 +<WRAP center round info 60%>
 +For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 +</WRAP>
 ==== Planned improvements ==== ==== Planned improvements ====
  
Line 177: Line 173:
 **Lit.  6:** Kline & Company. Lubricant Consumption and Used Oil Generation in California: A Segmented Market Analysis: Part II: Collectable Used Oil Availability in California, 2000-2011. published 03/03/2015: Sacramento, CA, USA, 2012.) \\  **Lit.  6:** Kline & Company. Lubricant Consumption and Used Oil Generation in California: A Segmented Market Analysis: Part II: Collectable Used Oil Availability in California, 2000-2011. published 03/03/2015: Sacramento, CA, USA, 2012.) \\ 
 **Lit.  7:** UNEP. Compendium of Recycling and Destruction Technologies for Waste Oils: Osaka, Japan, 2012.) \\  **Lit.  7:** UNEP. Compendium of Recycling and Destruction Technologies for Waste Oils: Osaka, Japan, 2012.) \\ 
-**Lit.  8:** VSI. Getriebeöle; http://www.vsi-schmierstoffe.de/schmierstoffe/technische-information/getriebeoele.html.) \\ +**Lit.  8:** VSI. Getriebeöle; https://www.vsi-schmierstoffe.de/index.php.) \\ 
 **Lit.  9:** Vidal-Abarca, G. C.; Kaps, R.; Oliver, W.; Escamilla, M.; Josa, J.; Riera, M. R.; Benedicto, E. Revision of European Ecolabel Criteria for Lubricants. Preliminary Report: Sevilla, 2016.) \\  **Lit.  9:** Vidal-Abarca, G. C.; Kaps, R.; Oliver, W.; Escamilla, M.; Josa, J.; Riera, M. R.; Benedicto, E. Revision of European Ecolabel Criteria for Lubricants. Preliminary Report: Sevilla, 2016.) \\ 
 **Lit. 10:** Möller, U. J. Altölentsorgung durch Verwertung und Beseitigung; Kontakt & Studium Bd. 253; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2004.) \\  **Lit. 10:** Möller, U. J. Altölentsorgung durch Verwertung und Beseitigung; Kontakt & Studium Bd. 253; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2004.) \\ 
 **Lit. 11:** Bartz, W. J.; Springer, G.; Blanke, H.-J. Expert Praxislexikon Tribologie Plus: 2010 Begriffe für Studium und Beruf, 2., völlig neubearb. Aufl. des Lexikons der Schmierungstechnik von G. Vögtle; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2000.) \\  **Lit. 11:** Bartz, W. J.; Springer, G.; Blanke, H.-J. Expert Praxislexikon Tribologie Plus: 2010 Begriffe für Studium und Beruf, 2., völlig neubearb. Aufl. des Lexikons der Schmierungstechnik von G. Vögtle; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2000.) \\ 
-**Lit. 12:** VSI. Grundöle; http://www.vsi-schmierstoffe.de/schmierstoffe/technische-information/grundoele.html.) \\ +**Lit. 12:** VSI. Grundöle; https://www.vsi-schmierstoffe.de/index.php.) \\ 
 **Lit. 13:** Kolshorn, K.-U.; Wiesert, P.; Götz, R.; Rippen, G. Ermittlung von Altölvermeidungspotentialen: UBA-Forschungsvorhaben Nr. 103 60 111; Trischler und Partner GmbH: Darmstadt, 1996.) \\  **Lit. 13:** Kolshorn, K.-U.; Wiesert, P.; Götz, R.; Rippen, G. Ermittlung von Altölvermeidungspotentialen: UBA-Forschungsvorhaben Nr. 103 60 111; Trischler und Partner GmbH: Darmstadt, 1996.) \\ 
 **Lit. 14:** UBA, 2018: Zimmermann, T.; Jepsen, D. (2018) Entwicklung von Methoden zur Berechnung von Treibhausgas- und Luftschadstoffemissionen aus der Verwendung von Schmierstoffen und Wachsen.) \\  **Lit. 14:** UBA, 2018: Zimmermann, T.; Jepsen, D. (2018) Entwicklung von Methoden zur Berechnung von Treibhausgas- und Luftschadstoffemissionen aus der Verwendung von Schmierstoffen und Wachsen.) \\ 
Line 190: Line 186:
 In sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Use of lubricants in mobile applications//, the German air pollutant emisisons inventory includes emissions from the unintentional co-incineration of lubricants in mobile sources. In sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Use of lubricants in mobile applications//, the German air pollutant emisisons inventory includes emissions from the unintentional co-incineration of lubricants in mobile sources.
  
-In contrast, emissions from the stationary use of lubricants are reported in [[#Use of lubricants in stationary applications|2.D.3.i - Use of lubricants in stationary applications]].+As emissions from the use of lubricants in stationary machinery result mostly from the evaporation whereas emissions from mobile machinery result mostly from the unintentional co-incineration within the engine, the methods for emission calculation differ widely.  
 + 
 +Therefore, the approaches for estimating emissions from these two areas of lubricant application are looked at in separate sub-chapters linked below. 
 + 
 +===== Methodology ===== 
 + 
 +====Activity data==== 
 + 
 +Basically, the amounts of lubricants unintentionally co-incinerated in engines other than 2-strokes is estimated from the annual amounts of fuels used in these engines, excluding the amounts of fuels used for international aviation and navigation.  
 + 
 +Here, the majority of lubricant co-incineration takes place in road vehicles. These related amounts of co-incinerated lubricants are calculated directly within TREMOD [(KNOERR2020a)]. 
 + 
 +__Table 1: Annual amounts of lubricants co-incinerated in mobile vehicles and machinery - excluding 2-stroke engines, in terajoules__ 
 +^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2006   ^  2007   ^  2008   ^  2009   ^  2010   ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^ 
 +|  1,415  |  1,606  |  1,710  |  1,747  |  1,755  |  1,769  |  1,762  |  1,776  |  1,791  |  1,824  |  1,822  |  1,838  |  1,877  |  1,915  |  1,956  |  1,980  |  1,759  |  1,769  | 
 + 
 +source: own estimations and TREMOD [(KNOERR2020a)] 
 + 
 +The **emission factors** are derived from chapter //1.A.3.b.i-iv Road transport 2019//, Table 3-80 of the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019 [(EMEPEEA2019)]. 
 + 
 +These default EF in [ppm HM /wt lubricant] have been transferred into [g HM/kg lubricant] via a NCV of 0.03985 GJ/kg into the following values: 
 + 
 +__Table 2: tier1 emission factors for heavy-metal emissions from co-incinerated lubricants, in g/TJ__ 
 +^  **As**  ^  **Cd**  ^  **Cr**  ^  **Cu**  ^  **Hg**  ^  **Ni**  ^  **Pb**  ^  **Se**  ^  **Zn**  ^ 
 +|  0.00    |  114     |  482     |  19,523  |  0.00    |  800     |  0.81    |  114     |  11,297  | 
 + 
 +===== Discussion of emission trends ===== 
 + 
 +With default emission factors applied, emissions' trends depend solely on the amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants (see Table 1). 
 + 
 +__Table 3: Annual heavy-metal emissions from co-incinerated lubricants, in metric tonnes__ 
 +|      ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2006  ^  2007  ^  2008  ^  2009  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^ 
 +^  As  |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 | 
 +^  Cd  |   0,16 |   0,18 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,21 |   0,21 |   0,21 |   0,21 |   0,22 |   0,22 |   0,23 |   0,20 |   0,20 | 
 +^  Cr  |   0,68 |   0,77 |   0,82 |   0,84 |   0,85 |   0,85 |   0,85 |   0,86 |   0,86 |   0,88 |   0,88 |   0,89 |   0,90 |   0,92 |   0,94 |   0,95 |   0,85 |   0,85 | 
 +^  Cu  |  27,62 |  31,35 |  33,38 |  34,10 |  34,26 |  34,53 |  34,41 |  34,68 |  34,97 |  35,61 |  35,57 |  35,89 |  36,65 |  37,38 |  38,19 |  38,66 |  34,34 |  34,54 | 
 +^  Hg  |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 | 
 +^  Ni  |   1,13 |   1,28 |   1,37 |   1,40 |   1,40 |   1,42 |   1,41 |   1,42 |   1,43 |   1,46 |   1,46 |   1,47 |   1,50 |   1,53 |   1,57 |   1,58 |   1,41 |   1,42 | 
 +^  Pb  |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 |   0,00 | 
 +^  Se  |   0,16 |   0,18 |   0,19 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,20 |   0,21 |   0,21 |   0,21 |   0,21 |   0,22 |   0,22 |   0,23 |   0,20 |   0,20 | 
 +^  Zn  |  15,98 |  18,14 |  19,32 |  19,73 |  19,83 |  19,98 |  19,91 |  20,07 |  20,24 |  20,61 |  20,59 |  20,77 |  21,21 |  21,63 |  22,10 |  22,37 |  19,87 |  19,99 | 
 +===== Recalculations===== 
 + 
 +**Activity data** (annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants) have been revised slightly for the entire time series. 
 +Here, for 2018 only, larger changes occur due to the finalisation of this year's National Energy Balance. 
 + 
 +__Table: Revised annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants, in terajoules__ 
 +|                  ^ 1990   ^  1995   ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2006  ^  2007  ^  2008  ^  2009  ^  2010  ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016   ^  2017  ^  2018   ^ 
 +^ Submission 2021  |  1,413 |   1,611 |  1,723 |  1,754 |  1,767 |  1,789 |  1,780 |  1,789 |  1,802 |   1,831 |   1,831 |   1,847 |  1,887 |  1,922 |   1,945 |  1,974 |   1,973 | 
 +^ Submission 2020  |  1,413 |   1,611 |  1,722 |  1,751 |  1,760 |  1,782 |  1,776 |  1,788 |  1,802 |   1,832 |   1,831 |   1,848 |  1,881 |  1,914 |   1,947 |  1,968 |   1,974 | 
 +^ absolute change  |   0.18 |   -0.12 |   0.61 |   3.28 |   7.15 |   6.21 |   3.75 |   0.26 |   0.07 |   -0.85 |   -0.76 |   -1.41 |   5.98 |   8.27 |   -1.55 |   5.05 |   -1.30 | 
 +^ relative change  |  0.01% |  -0.01% |  0.04% |  0.19% |  0.41% |  0.35% |  0.21% |  0.01% |  0.00% |  -0.05% |  -0.04% |  -0.08% |  0.32% |  0.43% |  -0.08% |  0.26% |  -0.07% | 
 + 
 +On the other hand, the tier1 **emission factors** applied so far, remain unrevised compared to last year's submission. 
 + 
 +Therefore, the canges in the **emission estimates** reported for this sub-category result solely from the named revisions in activity data. 
 + 
 +<WRAP center round info 60%> 
 +For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]]. 
 +</WRAP> 
 + 
 +===== Planned improvements =====  
 + 
 +Although there are no improvements planned for this specific sub-category, several routine model revisions are scheduled for mobile sources with impact on fuel consumption data and, hence, the amounts of  unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants.
  
 +[(KNOERR2020a> Knörr et al. (2020a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2020. )].
 +[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, URL: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-b-i/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)]