====== 1.A.5.b iii - Military Navigation ======
===== Short description =====
In sub-category //1.A.5.b iii - Other, Mobile (including Military)// emissions from military navigation are reported.
^ Method ^ AD ^ EF ^ Key Category Analysis ^
| T1, T2 | NS, M | D, M, CS, T1, T3 | see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport| superordinate chapter]] |
===== Methodology =====
==== Activity Data ====
Primary fuel data for national military waterborne activities is included in NEB lines 6 ('International Deep-Sea Bunkers') and 64 ('Coastal and Inland Navigation') for IMO and non-IMO ships respectively.
The annual shares used within NFR 1.A.5.b iii are therefore calculated within (Deichnik, K. (2021)) [(DEICHNIK2021)], where ship movement data (AIS signal) allows for a bottom-up approach providing the needed differentiation.
__Table 1: Annual fuel consumption, in terajoules__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2006 ^ 2007 ^ 2008 ^ 2009 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^
^ Diesel Oil | 380 | 263 | 228 | 171 | 161 | 155 | 154 | 150 | 150 | 144 | 138 | 111 | 104 | 154 | 141 | 156 | 133 | 164 | 195 |
^ Heavy Fuel Oil | 152 | 104 | 90 | 67 | 63 | 61 | 61 | 59 | 59 | 56 | 54 | 44 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| **Ʃ 1.A.5.b iii** ^ 532 ^ 366 ^ 318 ^ 239 ^ 225 ^ 216 ^ 214 ^ 209 ^ 209 ^ 200 ^ 192 ^ 155 ^ 165 ^ 154 ^ 141 ^ 156 ^ 133 ^ 164 ^ 195 ^
source: Deichnik, K. (2021): BSH model 2021
{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_incl_military:1a5biii_ad_over-all.png?700| Annual liquid fuels consumption}}
==== Emission factors ====
The emission factors applied here, are derived from different sources and therefore are of very different quality.
For the main pollutants, country-specific implied values are used, that are based on tier3 EF included in (Deichnik (2021)) which mainly relate on values from the EMEP/EEA guidebook 2019 [(EMEPEEA2019)]. These modelled IEFs take into account the ship specific information derived from AIS data as well as the mix of fuel-qualities applied depending on the type of ship and the current state of activity.
__Table 2: Annual country-specific implied emission factors1 for diesel fuels, in kg/TJ__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2006 ^ 2007 ^ 2008 ^ 2009 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^
| **DIESEL OIL** ||||||||||||||||||||
^ NH3 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 |
^ NMVOC | 39.6 | 39.6 | 39.6 | 39.6 | 39.6 | 39.6 | 39.6 | 39.6 | 39.6 | 39.6 | 39.6 | 40.0 | 39.4 | 34.2 | 34.1 | 34.1 | 36.2 | 35.5 | 35.5 |
^ NOx | 1,228 | 1,228 | 1,228 | 1,228 | 1,228 | 1,228 | 1,228 | 1,228 | 1,228 | 1,228 | 1,228 | 1,221 | 1,227 | 1,286 | 1,294 | 1,298 | 1,252 | 1,265 | 1,265 |
^ SOx | 466 | 419 | 233 | 186 | 186 | 186 | 140 | 69.8 | 69.8 | 65.2 | 60.3 | 56.7 | 53.7 | 37.2 | 37.2 | 37.2 | 37.2 | 37.2 | 37.2 |
^ BC | 111 | 99.8 | 55.4 | 44.3 | 44.3 | 44.3 | 33.3 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.8 | 15.9 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 16.1 | 15.3 | 15.3 |
^ PM2.5 | 358 | 322 | 179 | 143 | 143 | 143 | 107 | 53.6 | 53.6 | 50.1 | 50.1 | 50.1 | 51.0 | 51.2 | 49.1 | 47.8 | 51.9 | 49.3 | 49.3 |
^ PM10 | 383 | 344 | 191 | 153 | 153 | 153 | 115 | 57.4 | 57.4 | 53.6 | 53.6 | 53.6 | 54.6 | 54.8 | 52.5 | 51.1 | 55.5 | 52.7 | 52.7 |
^ TSP | 383 | 344 | 191 | 153 | 153 | 153 | 115 | 57.4 | 57.4 | 53.6 | 53.6 | 53.6 | 54.6 | 54.8 | 52.5 | 51.1 | 55.5 | 52.7 | 52.7 |
^ CO | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 139 | 142 | 148 | 144 | 141 | 148 | 142 | 142 |
| **HEAVY FUEL OIL** ||||||||||||||||||||
^ NH3 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.35 | NA ||||||
^ NMVOC | 28.0 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 27.0 | 28.6 | NA ||||||
^ NOx | 1,468 | 1,468 | 1,468 | 1,468 | 1,468 | 1,468 | 1,468 | 1,468 | 1,468 | 1,468 | 1,468 | 1,488 | 1,496 | NA ||||||
^ SOx | 1,319 | 1,332 | 1,323 | 1,336 | 744 | 742 | 742 | 744 | 496 | 496 | 496 | 495 | 506 | NA ||||||
^ BC | 42,3 | 42,7 | 42,4 | 42,9 | 23,9 | 23,8 | 23,8 | 23,8 | 15,9 | 15,9 | 15,9 | 14,9 | 16,3 | NA ||||||
^ PM2.5 | 353 | 356,0 | 354 | 357 | 199 | 198 | 198 | 199 | 132 | 133 | 133 | 124 | 136 | NA ||||||
^ PM10 | 388 | 392 | 389 | 393 | 219 | 218 | 218 | 219 | 146 | 146 | 146 | 137 | 150 | NA ||||||
^ TSP | 388 | 392 | 389 | 393 | 219 | 218 | 218 | 219 | 146 | 146 | 146 | 137 | 150 | NA ||||||
^ CO | 154 | 154 | 154 | 154 | 154 | 154 | 154 | 154 | 154 | 154 | 154 | 148 | 157 | NA ||||||
1 due to lack of better information: similar EF are applied for fossil and biodiesel \\
2 ratio PM2.5 : PM10 : TSP derived from the tier1 default EF as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)] \\
3 estimated from a BC-fraction of 0.31 as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii Navigation, Table 3-2
With respect to the emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, condensables are most likely included at least partly. ((During test-bench measurements, temperatures are likely to be significantly higher than under real-world conditions, thus reducing condensation. On the contrary, smaller dillution (higher number of primary particles acting as condensation germs) together with higher pressures increase the likeliness of condensation. So over-all condensables are very likely to occur but different to real-world conditions.))
For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.
===== Discussion of emission trends =====
As only NFR 1.A.5.b as a whole is taken into account within the key category analysis, this country-specific sub-sector is not considered separately.
===== Recalculations =====
**Activity data** have been revised widely after a correction of the underlying model.
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2006 ^ 2007 ^ 2008 ^ 2009 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^
| **DIESEL OIL** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
^ Submission 2022 | 380 | 263 | 228 | 171 | 161 | 155 | 154 | 150 | 150 | 144 | 138 | 111 | 104 | 154 | 141 | 156 | 133 | 164 |
^ Submission 2021 | 983 | 665 | 563 | 410 | 383 | 366 | 360 | 349 | 347 | 330 | 313 | 302 | 332 | 273 | 359 | 489 | 436 | 558 |
^ absolute change | -602 | -402 | -335 | -238 | -222 | -211 | -207 | -199 | -197 | -186 | -176 | -190 | -228 | -119 | -218 | -333 | -303 | -394 |
^ relative change | -61,3% | -60,5% | -59,5% | -58,2% | -57,9% | -57,6% | -57,3% | -57,0% | -56,7% | -56,4% | -56,1% | -63,1% | -68,7% | -43,5% | -60,7% | -68,1% | -69,6% | -70,6% |
| **HEAVY FUEL OlL** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
^ Submission 2022 | 152 | 104 | 90,4 | 67,4 | 63,4 | 61,0 | 60,5 | 59,0 | 59,0 | 56,5 | 54,0 | 43,9 | 60,5 | | | | | |
^ Submission 2021 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | |
^ absolute change | 152 | 104 | 90,4 | 67,4 | 63,4 | 61,0 | 60,5 | 59,0 | 59,0 | 56,5 | 54,0 | 43,9 | 60,5 | | | | | |
^ relative change | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **OVER-ALL FUEL CONSUMPTION** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
^ Submission 2022 | 532 | 366 | 318 | 239 | 225 | 216 | 214 | 209 | 209 | 200 | 192 | 155 | 165 | 154 | 141 | 156 | 133 | 164 |
^ Submission 2021 | 983 | 665 | 563 | 410 | 383 | 366 | 360 | 349 | 347 | 330 | 313 | 302 | 332 | 273 | 359 | 489 | 436 | 558 |
^ absolute change | -451 | -298 | -245 | -171 | -158 | -150 | -146 | -140 | -138 | -130 | -122 | -146 | -168 | -119 | -218 | -333 | -303 | -394 |
^ relative change | -45,9% | -44,9% | -43,5% | -41,7% | -41,3% | -40,9% | -40,5% | -40,1% | -39,7% | -39,3% | -38,9% | -48,5% | -50,5% | -43,5% | -60,7% | -68,1% | -69,6% | -70,6% |
In addition, several **emission factors** for diesel oil have been revised within the underlying model.
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2006 ^ 2007 ^ 2008 ^ 2009 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^
| **AMMONIA** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
^ Submission 2022 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 |
^ Submission 2021 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,32 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 | 0,33 |
^ absolute change | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,01 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 |
^ relative change | 0,35% | 0,35% | 0,35% | 0,35% | 0,35% | 0,35% | 0,35% | 0,35% | 0,35% | 0,35% | 0,35% | 0,29% | 0,46% | 4,23% | 1,04% | 0,98% | 0,58% | -0,18% |
| **NMVOC** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
^ Submission 2022 | 39,6 | 39,6 | 39,6 | 39,6 | 39,6 | 39,6 | 39,6 | 39,6 | 39,6 | 39,6 | 39,6 | 40,0 | 39,4 | 34,2 | 34,1 | 34,1 | 36,2 | 35,5 |
^ Submission 2021 | 41,4 | 41,4 | 41,4 | 41,4 | 41,4 | 41,4 | 41,4 | 41,4 | 41,4 | 41,4 | 41,4 | 41,6 | 41,1 | 47,7 | 37,4 | 38,0 | 39,1 | 38,2 |
^ absolute change | -1,81 | -1,81 | -1,81 | -1,81 | -1,81 | -1,81 | -1,81 | -1,81 | -1,81 | -1,81 | -1,81 | -1,58 | -1,70 | -13,45 | -3,25 | -3,86 | -2,90 | -2,71 |
^ relative change | -4,37% | -4,37% | -4,37% | -4,37% | -4,37% | -4,37% | -4,37% | -4,37% | -4,37% | -4,37% | -4,37% | -3,79% | -4,15% | -28,2% | -8,68% | -10,17% | -7,41% | -7,09% |
| **NITROGEN OXIDES** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
^ Submission 2022 | 1228 | 1228 | 1228 | 1228 | 1228 | 1228 | 1228 | 1228 | 1228 | 1228 | 1228 | 1221 | 1227 | 1286 | 1294 | 1298 | 1252 | 1265 |
^ Submission 2021 | 1106 | 1106 | 1106 | 1106 | 1106 | 1106 | 1106 | 1106 | 1106 | 1106 | 1106 | 1105 | 1098 | 1011 | 1119 | 1124 | 1117 | 1134 |
^ absolute change | 122 | 122 | 122 | 122 | 122 | 122 | 122 | 122 | 122 | 122 | 122 | 116 | 129 | 275 | 175 | 174 | 135 | 131 |
^ relative change | 11,0% | 11,0% | 11,0% | 11,0% | 11,0% | 11,0% | 11,0% | 11,0% | 11,0% | 11,0% | 11,0% | 10,5% | 11,7% | 27,2% | 15,6% | 15,4% | 12,1% | 11,5% |
| **SULPHUR OXIDES** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
^ Submission 2022 | 465,5 | 419,0 | 232,8 | 186,2 | 186,2 | 186,2 | 139,7 | 69,8 | 69,8 | 65,2 | 60,3 | 56,7 | 53,7 | 37,2 | 37,2 | 37,2 | 37,2 | 37,2 |
^ Submission 2021 | 465,5 | 419,0 | 232,8 | 186,2 | 186,2 | 186,2 | 139,7 | 69,8 | 69,8 | 65,2 | 59,4 | 55,9 | 53,4 | 40,0 | 38,7 | 38,8 | 39,3 | 39,2 |
^ absolute change | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,96 | 0,75 | 0,33 | -2,80 | -1,46 | -1,57 | -2,12 | -2,04 |
^ relative change | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 1,62% | 1,35% | 0,61% | -7,00% | -3,76% | -4,05% | -5,39% | -5,21% |
| **BLACK CARBON** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
^ Submission 2022 | 110,86 | 99,78 | 55,43 | 44,34 | 44,34 | 44,34 | 33,26 | 16,63 | 16,63 | 15,52 | 15,52 | 15,53 | 15,82 | 15,87 | 15,21 | 14,81 | 16,08 | 15,28 |
^ Submission 2021 | 109,23 | 98,31 | 54,62 | 43,69 | 43,69 | 43,69 | 32,77 | 16,38 | 16,38 | 15,29 | 15,29 | 15,28 | 16,07 | 19,60 | 16,31 | 15,18 | 15,82 | 14,83 |
^ absolute change | 1,63 | 1,47 | 0,81 | 0,65 | 0,65 | 0,65 | 0,49 | 0,24 | 0,24 | 0,23 | 0,23 | 0,25 | -0,25 | -3,73 | -1,11 | -0,37 | 0,26 | 0,44 |
^ relative change | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,67% | -1,55% | -19,1% | -6,78% | -2,43% | 1,67% | 2,98% |
| **PARTICULATE MATTER** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
^ Submission 2022 | 357,62 | 321,86 | 178,81 | 143,05 | 143,05 | 143,05 | 107,29 | 53,64 | 53,64 | 50,07 | 50,07 | 50,10 | 51,04 | 51,18 | 49,06 | 47,78 | 51,88 | 49,28 |
^ Submission 2021 | 352,36 | 317,13 | 176,18 | 140,95 | 140,95 | 140,95 | 105,71 | 52,85 | 52,85 | 49,33 | 49,33 | 49,28 | 51,85 | 63,23 | 52,63 | 48,96 | 51,03 | 47,85 |
^ absolute change | 5,25 | 4,73 | 2,63 | 2,10 | 2,10 | 2,10 | 1,58 | 0,79 | 0,79 | 0,74 | 0,74 | 0,82 | -0,81 | -12,05 | -3,57 | -1,19 | 0,85 | 1,43 |
^ relative change | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,49% | 1,67% | -1,55% | -19,05% | -6,78% | -2,43% | 1,67% | 2,98% |
| **CARBON MONOXIDE** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
^ Submission 2022 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 139 | 142 | 148 | 144 | 141 | 148 | 142 |
^ Submission 2021 | 136 | 136 | 136 | 136 | 136 | 136 | 136 | 136 | 136 | 136 | 136 | 136 | 142 | 158 | 148 | 139 | 142 | 137 |
^ absolute change | 3,65 | 3,65 | 3,65 | 3,65 | 3,65 | 3,65 | 3,65 | 3,65 | 3,65 | 3,65 | 3,65 | 3,56 | 0,28 | -9,74 | -3,74 | 1,99 | 5,15 | 5,71 |
^ relative change | 2,68% | 2,68% | 2,68% | 2,68% | 2,68% | 2,68% | 2,68% | 2,68% | 2,68% | 2,68% | 2,68% | 2,62% | 0,20% | -6,16% | -2,53% | 1,43% | 3,62% | 4,18% |
For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
===== Uncertainties =====
See [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport| superordinate chapter]] on NFR 1.A.5.b.
===== Planned improvements =====
A **routine revision** of the underlying model is planned for the next annual submission.
[(DEICHNIK2021> Deichnik (2021): Deichnik, K.: Aktualisierung und Revision des Modells zur Berechnung der spezifischen Verbräuche und Emissionen des von Deutschland ausgehenden Seeverkehrs. from Bundesamts für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH); Hamburg, 2021.)]
[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)]
[(RENTZ2008> Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )]