====== 1.A.4.c ii (a) - Off-road Vehicles and other Machinery: Agriculture ======
===== Short description =====
Under sub-category //1.A.4.c ii (a)// fuel combustion activities and resulting emissions from agricultural off-road vehicles and mobile machinery are reported.
^ NFR-Code ^ Source category ^ Method ^ AD ^ EF ^ Key Category Analysis ^
| 1.A.4.c ii (a) | Off-road Vehicles and Other Machinery: Agriculture | T1, T2 | NS, M | CS, D, M | [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:agriculture_and_forestry| see superordinate chapter ]] |
{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:traktor.png?nolink&300}}
======Methodology=====
====Activity data====
Subsector-specific consumption data is included in the primary fuel-delivery data are available from NEB line 67: 'Commercial, trade, services and other consumers' (AGEB, 2021) [(AGEB2021)].
__Table 1: Sources for primary fuel-delivery data__
|| through 1994 || **AGEB** - National Energy Balance, line 79: 'Haushalte und Kleinverbraucher insgesamt' ||
|| as of 1995 || **AGEB** - National Energy Balance, line 67: 'Gewerbe, Handel, Dienstleistungen u. übrige Verbraucher' ||
Following the deduction of energy inputs for military vehicles as provided in (BAFA, 2021) [(BAFA2021)], the remaining amounts of gasoline and diesel oil are apportioned onto off-road construction vehicles (NFR 1.A.2.g vii) and off-road vehicles in commercial/institutional use (1.A.4. ii) as well as agriculture and forestry (NFR 1.A.4.c ii) based upon annual shares derived from TREMOD-MM (Knörr et al. (2021b) [(KNOERR2021b)] (cf. NFR 1.A.4 - mobile).
__Table 2: Annual contribution of agricultural vehicles and mobile machinery to the primary diesel1 fuels delivery data provided in NEB line 67__
^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2006 ^ 2007 ^ 2008 ^ 2009 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^
| 47.6% | 45.6% | 43.9% | 46.2% | 45.1% | 45.9% | 46.4% | 47.2% | 47.5% | 47.2% | 47.3% | 48.0% | 47.8% | 48.3% | 48.5% | 48.5% | 48.4% | 48.4% | 48.3% |
1 no gasoline used in agricultural vehicles and mobile machinery
__Table 3: Annual mobile fuel consumption in agriculture, in terajoules__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2006 ^ 2007 ^ 2008 ^ 2009 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^
^ Diesel Oil | 53,263 | 44,622 | 41,696 | 37,942 | 37,462 | 38,245 | 39,332 | 42,296 | 42,024 | 42,864 | 42,137 | 44,531 | 46,259 | 48,905 | 51,027 | 52,561 | 49,006 | 49,679 | 50,450 |
^ Biodiesel | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,424 | 4,141 | 4,707 | 3,737 | 3,379 | 3,222 | 2,991 | 2,974 | 2,641 | 2,843 | 2,675 | 2,705 | 2,806 | 2,849 | 2,830 | 4,191 |
| **Ʃ 1.A.4.c ii (i)** ^ 53,263 ^ 44,622 ^ 41,696 ^ 40,366 ^ 41,602 ^ 42,952 ^ 43,069 ^ 45,675 ^ 45,246 ^ 45,855 ^ 45,111 ^ 47,172 ^ 49,102 ^ 51,580 ^ 53,732 ^ 55,367 ^ 51,855 ^ 52,509 ^ 54,641 ^
==== Emission factors ====
The emission factors applied here are of rather different quality:
For all **main pollutants**, **carbon monoxide** and **particulate matter**, annual IEF modelled within TREMOD MM are used, representing the sector's vehicle-fleet composition, the development of mitigation technologies and the effect of fuel-quality legislation.
__Table 3: Annual country-specific emission factors1, in kg/TJ__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2006 ^ 2007 ^ 2008 ^ 2009 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^
^ NH3 | 0,15 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,16 |
^ NMVOC | 258 | 232 | 205 | 165 | 157 | 150 | 144 | 131 | 124 | 118 | 112 | 106 | 99,7 | 93,8 | 88,6 | 83,8 | 79,1 | 74,8 | 70,6 |
^ NOx | 874 | 886 | 916 | 832 | 808 | 784 | 760 | 713 | 682 | 655 | 629 | 605 | 581 | 560 | 541 | 523 | 506 | 489 | 471 |
^ SOx | 79,6 | 60,5 | 14,0 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 |
^ PM2 | 125 | 109 | 93,1 | 74,7 | 71,0 | 67,8 | 65,2 | 60,1 | 57,4 | 54,8 | 52,4 | 50,1 | 47,4 | 44,8 | 42,2 | 39,8 | 37,5 | 35,4 | 33,2 |
^ BC3 | 229 | 201 | 171 | 134 | 126 | 119 | 114 | 103 | 97,1 | 91,5 | 86,2 | 81,5 | 76,3 | 71,4 | 66,9 | 62,7 | 58,6 | 54,9 | 51,3 |
^ CO | 882 | 834 | 779 | 674 | 653 | 633 | 616 | 575 | 555 | 536 | 518 | 502 | 484 | 468 | 453 | 441 | 428 | 416 | 403 |
1 due to lack of better information: similar EF are applied for fossil and biofuels \\
2 EF(PM2.5) also applied for PM10 and TSP (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM2.5)\\
3 estimated via a f-BCs as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], Chapter 1.A.2.g vii, 1.A.4.a ii, b ii, c ii, 1.A.5.b i - Non-road, note to Table 3-1: Tier 1 emission factors for off-road machinery \\
> **NOTE:** With respect to the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, condensables are most likely included at least partly. During test-bench measurements, temperatures are likely to be significantly higher than under real-world conditions, thus reducing condensation. On the contrary, smaller dillution (higher number of primary particles acting as condensation germs) together with higher pressures increase the likeliness of condensation. So over-all condensables are very likely to occur but different to real-world conditions.
> For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.
===== Recalculations =====
With **emissions factors** unrevised, recalculated emission estimates result solely from the implementation of the now finalized NEB 2019.
__Table 4: Revised diesel-oil consumption 2019, in [TJ]__
| ^ 2019 ^
^ current submission | 52,509 |
^ previous submission | 52,415 |
^ absolute change | 94.2 |
^ relative change | 0.18% |
For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates reported for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start| 8.1 - Recalculations]].
===== Planned improvements =====
Besides a routine revision of the underlying model, no specific improvements are planned.
[(AGEB2021> AGEB, 2021: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2019.html, (Aufruf: 23.11.2021), Köln & Berlin, 2021.)]
[(BAFA2021> BAFA, 2021: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland;
URL: https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2018_dezember.html, Eschborn, 2021.)]
[(KNOERR2021b> Knörr et al. (2021b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2021, Heidelberg, 2021.)]
[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)]
[(KNOERR2009> Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)]