====== 1.A.4.c ii (b) - Off-road Vehicles and other Machinery: Forestry ======
===== Short description =====
Under sub-category //1.A.4.c ii (b)// fuel combustion activities and resulting emissions from off-road vehicles and mobile machinery used in forestry are reported.
^ NFR-Code ^ Source category ^ Method ^ AD ^ EF ^ Key Category Analysis ^
| 1.A.4.c ii (a) | Off-road Vehicles and Other Machinery: Agriculture | T1, T2 | NS, M | CS, D, M | [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:agriculture_and_forestry| see superordinate chapter ]] |
======Methodology=====
====Activity data====
Primary activity data (PAD) are taken from National Energy Balances (NEBs) line 67: 'Commercial, trade, services and other consumers' (AGEB, 2021) [(AGEB2021)].
Following the deduction of energy inputs for military vehicles as provided in (BAFA, 2021) [(BAFA2021)], the remaining amounts of gasoline and diesel oil are apportioned onto off-road construction vehicles (NFR 1.A.2.g vii) and off-road vehicles in commercial/institutional use (1.A.4. ii) as well as agriculture and forestry (NFR 1.A.4.c ii) based upon annual shares derived from TREMOD MM (Knörr et al. (2021b) [(KNOERR2021b)] (cf. NFR 1.A.4 - mobile).
__Table 1: Annual contribution of forestry vehicles and mobile machinery to the primary fuel delivery data provided in NEB line 67__
| **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | **2019** | **2020** |
^ Diesel fuels |||||||||||||||
| 2.41% | 1.36% | 2.16% | 2.88% | 2.92% | 2.99% | 2.77% | 2.76% | 2.81% | 2.89% | 2.72% | 2.79% | 3.35% | 3.54% | 4.16% |
^ Gasoline fuels |||||||||||||||
| 68.5% | 40.3% | 44.9% | 41.4% | 35.5% | 35.6% | 33.1% | 32.9% | 33.1% | 33.3% | 31.6% | 31.9% | 35.8% | 36.8% | 40.4% |
source: own estimates based on TREMOD MM
__Table 2: Annual mobile fuel consumption in forestry, in terajoules__
| | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | **2019** | **2020** |
^ Diesel Oil | 2,695 | 1,332 | 2,051 | 2,368 | 2,583 | 2,712 | 2,472 | 2,559 | 2,718 | 2,931 | 2,865 | 3,024 | 3,393 | 3,631 | 4,341 |
^ Biodiesel | 3,093 | 3,004 | 3,325 | 3,029 | 1,568 | 1,430 | 415 | 405 | 432 | 1,679 | 1,591 | 1,601 | 1,795 | 1,707 | 2,131 |
^ Gasoline | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151 | 198 | 189 | 174 | 152 | 167 | 160 | 152 | 161 | 197 | 207 | 361 |
^ Biogasoline | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.8 | 60.6 | 58.6 | 18.4 | 17.3 | 18.8 | 72.8 | 69.1 | 67.5 | 80.7 | 73.6 | 97.3 |
| **Ʃ 1.A.4.c ii (ii)** ^ 5,788 ^ 4,336 ^ 5,375 ^ 5,569 ^ 4,409 ^ 4,390 ^ 3,079 ^ 3,133 ^ 3,336 ^ 4,843 ^ 4,677 ^ 4,853 ^ 5,465 ^ 5,619 ^ 6,930 ^
====Emission factors====
The emission factors used here are of rather different quality:
For all **main pollutants**, **carbon monoxide** and **particulate matter**, annually changing values computed within TREMOD MM (Knörr et al. (2021b)) [(KNOERR2021b)] are used, representing the development of mitigation technologies and th effect of fuel-quality legislation.
__Table 3: Annual coutry-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM1__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1991 ^ 1992 ^ 1993 ^ 1994 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^
| **DIESEL FUELS** ||||||||||||||||||||
^ NH3 | 0,16 | 0,17 | 0,17 | 0,17 | 0,17 | 0,17 | 0,17 | 0,18 | 0,18 | 0,18 | 0,18 | 0,18 | 0,18 | 0,18 | 0,18 | 0,18 | 0,18 | 0,18 | 0,18 |
^ NMVOC | 191 | 185 | 177 | 169 | 162 | 157 | 130 | 80,2 | 46,5 | 42,4 | 38,7 | 35,0 | 31,4 | 28,1 | 25,3 | 22,9 | 20,9 | 19,1 | 17,6 |
^ NOx | 982 | 993 | 1.012 | 1.023 | 1.039 | 1.053 | 1.071 | 834 | 543 | 495 | 454 | 422 | 397 | 375 | 351 | 326 | 305 | 285 | 264 |
^ SOx | 79,6 | 60,9 | 60,9 | 60,5 | 60,5 | 60,5 | 14,0 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 |
^ BC5 | 84,6 | 81,1 | 75,8 | 70,2 | 65,4 | 60,8 | 41,8 | 27,7 | 21,6 | 21,0 | 20,4 | 19,3 | 17,8 | 16,1 | 14,5 | 13,0 | 11,5 | 10,1 | 8,73 |
^ PM4 | 155 | 148 | 139 | 129 | 120 | 112 | 75,8 | 45,3 | 30,4 | 28,8 | 27,3 | 25,3 | 23,1 | 20,8 | 18,6 | 16,5 | 14,6 | 12,8 | 11,1 |
^ CO | 689 | 676 | 661 | 643 | 631 | 619 | 554 | 395 | 282 | 269 | 258 | 252 | 249 | 248 | 249 | 251 | 254 | 256 | 254 |
| **GASOLINE FUELS** ||||||||||||||||||||
^ NH3 | 0,075 | 0,079 | 0,083 | 0,083 | 0,083 | 0,083 | 0,083 | 0,086 | 0,087 | 0,088 | 0,091 | 0,092 | 0,092 | 0,092 | 0,092 | 0,092 | 0,092 | 0,092 | 0,092 |
^ NMVOC2 | 3,04 | 7,54 | 9,03 | 8,87 | 7,25 | 6,37 | 4,67 | 4,56 | 4,83 | 4,74 | 5,23 | 5,22 | 5,11 | 5,00 | 5,32 | 5,19 | 4,30 | 4,07 | 4,07 |
^ NMVOC3 | 5795 | 5491 | 5099 | 5099 | 5099 | 5099 | 5099 | 5320 | 5424 | 4858 | 3596 | 2897 | 2897 | 2897 | 2897 | 2897 | 2897 | 2901 | 2910 |
^ NOx | 42,6 | 45,9 | 49,4 | 49,4 | 49,4 | 49,4 | 49,4 | 76,4 | 86,0 | 78,5 | 63,1 | 55,1 | 55,1 | 55,1 | 55,1 | 55,1 | 55,1 | 55,1 | 55,1 |
^ SOx | 10,1 | 10,1 | 10,1 | 10,1 | 10,1 | 8,27 | 3,22 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 | 0,37 |
^ BC5 | 5,09 | 4,44 | 3,73 | 3,73 | 3,73 | 3,73 | 3,73 | 3,86 | 3,91 | 3,96 | 4,08 | 4,13 | 4,13 | 4,13 | 4,13 | 4,13 | 4,13 | 4,13 | 4,13 |
^ PM4 | 102 | 89 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 74,6 | 74,6 | 77,2 | 78,1 | 79,2 | 81,5 | 82,7 | 82,7 | 82,7 | 82,7 | 82,7 | 82,7 | 82,7 | 82,7 |
^ TSP6 | 2,35 | 1,68 | 1,36 | 1,22 | 0,97 | 0,82 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
^ CO | 16813 | 15931 | 14796 | 14796 | 14796 | 14796 | 14796 | 15371 | 15609 | 15827 | 16279 | 16514 | 16514 | 16514 | 16514 | 16514 | 16514 | 16514 | 16514 |
^ Pb | 1,47 | 1,05 | 0,85 | 0,76 | 0,60 | 0,52 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
1 due to lack of better information: similar EF are applied for fossil and biofuels \\
2 from fuel combustion\\
3 from gasoline evaporation\\
4 EF(PM2.5) also applied for PM10 and TSP (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM2.5)\\
5 estimated via a f-BCs as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], Chapter 1.A.2.g vii, 1.A.4.a ii, b ii, c ii, 1.A.5.b i - Non-road, note to Table 3-1: Tier 1 emission factors for off-road machinery \\
6 from leaded gasoline (until 1997)
With respect to the emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, condensables are most likely included at least partly. ((During test-bench measurements, temperatures are likely to be significantly higher than under real-world conditions, thus reducing condensation. On the contrary, smaller dillution (higher number of primary particles acting as condensation germs) together with higher pressures increase the likeliness of condensation. So over-all condensables are very likely to occur but different to real-world conditions.))
> For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.
===== Recalculations =====
Revisions in **activity data** result from the revision of the gasoline-consumption in military ground-vehicles as well as the implementation of the now finalised NEB 2019.
__Table 5: Revised activity data, in terajoules__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2006 ^ 2007 ^ 2008 ^ 2009 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^
| DIESEL FUELS |||||||||||||||||||
^ current submission | 2.695 | 1.332 | 2.051 | 2.519 | 2.874 | 3.662 | 2.617 | 2.417 | 2.781 | 2.902 | 2.646 | 2.711 | 2.886 | 3.092 | 3.016 | 3.185 | 3.590 | 3.838 |
^ previous submission | 2.695 | 1.332 | 2.051 | 2.519 | 2.874 | 3.662 | 2.617 | 2.417 | 2.781 | 2.902 | 2.646 | 2.711 | 2.886 | 3.092 | 3.016 | 3.185 | 3.590 | 3.831 |
^ absolute change | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | -0,20 | 6,88 |
^ relative change | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | -0,01% | 0,18% |
| GASOLINE FUELS |||||||||||||||||||
^ current submission | 3.093 | 3.004 | 3.325 | 3.050 | 3.104 | 3.522 | 2.799 | 1.552 | 1.629 | 1.488 | 433 | 422 | 451 | 1.752 | 1.660 | 1.668 | 1.875 | 1.781 |
^ previous submission | 3.093 | 3.004 | 3.325 | 3.043 | 3.090 | 3.511 | 2.786 | 1.534 | 1.603 | 1.462 | 409 | 400 | 430 | 1.732 | 1.644 | 1.655 | 1.819 | 1.814 |
^ absolute change | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 7,6 | 14,2 | 11,8 | 13,8 | 18,2 | 25,9 | 26,6 | 23,76 | 22,37 | 20,61 | 19,3 | 16,5 | 13,4 | 56,5 | -33,4 |
^ relative change | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,25% | 0,46% | 0,34% | 0,50% | 1,19% | 1,62% | 1,82% | 5,81% | 5,60% | 4,79% | 1,11% | 1,00% | 0,81% | 3,11% | -1,84% |
| OVER-ALL FUEL CONSUMPTION |||||||||||||||||||
^ current submission | 5.788 | 4.336 | 5.375 | 5.569 | 5.977 | 7.184 | 5.417 | 3.969 | 4.409 | 4.390 | 3.079 | 3.133 | 3.336 | 4.843 | 4.677 | 4.853 | 5.465 | 5.619 |
^ previous submission | 5.788 | 4.336 | 5.375 | 5.562 | 5.963 | 7.173 | 5.403 | 3.951 | 4.383 | 4.364 | 3.055 | 3.110 | 3.316 | 4.824 | 4.660 | 4.840 | 5.409 | 5.646 |
^ absolute change | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 7,57 | 14,18 | 11,81 | 13,81 | 18,23 | 25,9 | 26,6 | 23,8 | 22,4 | 20,6 | 19,3 | 16,5 | 13,4 | 56,3 | -26,5 |
^ relative change | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,00% | 0,14% | 0,24% | 0,16% | 0,26% | 0,46% | 0,59% | 0,61% | 0,78% | 0,72% | 0,62% | 0,40% | 0,35% | 0,28% | 1,04% | -0,47% |
In contrast, all **emission factors** remain unrevised compared to last year's susbmission..
For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]].
[(AGEB2021>AGEB, 2021: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2019.html, (Aufruf: 23.11.2021), Köln & Berlin, 2021.)]
[(BAFA2021>BAFA, 2021: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland;
URL: https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2020_dezember.html, Eschborn, 2021.)]
[(KNOERR2021b> Knörr et al. (2021b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2021, Heidelberg, 2021.)]
[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)]
[(RENTZ2008> Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )]
[(KNOERR2009> Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)]