====== 1.A.3.b vii - Road Transport: Automobile Road Abrasion ======

===== Short description =====

In sub-category //1.A.3.b vii - Road Transport: Automobile Road Abrasion// emissions from road abrasion in Road Transport are reported. Therefore, this sub-category is an important source for a) particle emissions and b) emissions of heavy metals, POPs etc. included in these particles.

^ Category Code  ^  Method                                                                           ||||^  AD                                         ||||^  EF                               |||||
| 1.A.3.b.vii    |  T1, T3                                                                           |||||  NS, M                                      |||||  CS                               |||||
^                ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC  ^  CO  ^  Pb   ^  Cd   ^  Hg  ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^
| Key Category:  |  -               |  -      |  -               |  -               |  L/-               |  L/-              |  L/-  |  -   |  -   |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -   |  -     |  -    |  -    |

===== Methodology =====

==== Activity data ====

Abrasive emissions from tyre and brake wear are estimated based on vehicle-type specific mileage data. For detailed mileage data, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:start | superordinate chapter ]] on abrasive emissions from road vehicles.  

==== Emission factors ====

__Table 1: Emission factors applied__
|                   |           ^  **PCs**  ^  **LDVs**  ^  **HDVs**  ^  **Buses**  ^  **Mopeds**  ^  **Motorcycles**  ^
^ BC                |  [mg/km]  |  NA       |  NA        |  NA        |  NA         |  NA          |  NA               |
^ PM<sub>2.5</sub>  | :::       |      4,05 |       4,05 |       20,5 |        20,5 |         1,62 |              1,62 |
^ PM<sub>10</sub>   | :::       |      7,50 |       7,50 |       38,0 |        34,2 |         3,00 |              3,00 |
^ TSP               | :::       |      15,0 |       15,0 |       76,0 |        76,0 |         6,00 |              6,00 |
^ Pb                | [µg/km]   |   0,00006 |    0,00006 |    0,00031 |     0,00006 |      0,00002 |           0,00002 |
^ Hg                | :::       |  NA       |  NA        |  NA        |  NA         |  NA          |  NA               |
^ Cd                | :::       |  0,000003 |   0,000003 |   0,000016 |    0,000003 |     0,000001 |          0,000001 |
^ As                | :::       |   0,00004 |    0,00004 |    0,00020 |     0,00004 |      0,00002 |           0,00002 |
^ Cr                | :::       |   0,00108 |    0,00108 |    0,00547 |     0,00108 |      0,00043 |           0,00043 |
^ Cu                | :::       |   0,00004 |    0,00004 |    0,00019 |     0,00004 |      0,00001 |           0,00001 |
^ Ni                | :::       |   0,00057 |    0,00057 |    0,00289 |     0,00057 |      0,00023 |           0,00023 |
^ Se                | :::       |  NA       |  NA        |  NA        |  NA         |  NA          |  NA               |
^ Zn                | :::       |   0,00129 |    0,00129 |    0,00654 |     0,00129 |      0,00052 |           0,00052 |


===== Discussion of emission trends =====

__Table 2: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__
|  for: ^  TSP    ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^
|   by: |  Level  |  Level            |  Level             |


Emissions from road abrasion are directly linked to driven mileage. Thus, the overall trend of emissions from road abrasion is similar to the trend for total driven mileage.

All reported emissons from tyre and brake wear are connected directly to the mileage driven by the road vehicles covered.

{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:1a3bvii_em_pm.png?700| Annual particulate matter emissions }}

===== Recalculations =====

With both **activity data** and **emission factors** unrevised, emission estimates remain unaltered compared to last year's submission.


<WRAP center round info 65%>
For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
</WRAP>
===== Planned improvements =====

Besides a routine revision of the underlying model, no specific improvements are planned.