====== 1.A.3.b vi-vii - Road Transport: Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear and Road Abrasion ====== This overview chapter provides information on emissions from automobile tyre and brake wear & road abrasion are reported reported in NFR sub-categories 1.A.3.b vi and 1.A.3.b vii. These sub-categories are important sources for a) particle emissions and b) emissions of heavy metals, POPs etc. included in these particles. ^ NFR-Code ^ Name of Category ^ | 1.A.3.b vi | [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:tyre_and_brake_wear| Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear ]] | | 1.A.3.b vii | [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:road_abrasion| Automobile Road Abrasion ]] | ===== Methodology ===== ====Activity data ==== Specific mileage data for all different types of road vehicles are generated within TREMOD (Knörr et al., 2021a) [(KNOERR2021a)]. The following table provides an overview of annual mileages. __Table 1: Mileage data for road vehicles 1990-2020, in 106 kilometers__ | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ ^ Passenger Cars | 588,898 | 487,373 | 464,231 | 514,293 | 568,833 | 582,833 | 588,342 | 597,222 | 611,403 | 621,230 | 630,488 | 637,690 | 639,989 | 649,851 | 564,736 | ^ Light Duty Vehicles | 13,965 | 24,193 | 32,374 | 36,422 | 39,382 | 39,788 | 40,259 | 40,710 | 43,190 | 45,436 | 47,627 | 49,953 | 52,264 | 54,084 | 52,151 | ^ Heavy Duty Vehicles | 40,827 | 54,279 | 62,659 | 60,974 | 62,979 | 64,519 | 63,810 | 64,318 | 64,822 | 65,823 | 66,697 | 67,346 | 68,059 | 68,968 | 66,635 | | //thereof: Lorries & Trucks// | 36,657 | 50,362 | 58,621 | 56,877 | 58,799 | 60,324 | 59,572 | 60,064 | 60,553 | 61,408 | 62,138 | 62,833 | 63,539 | 64,396 | 63,045 | | //thereof: Buses// | 4,170 | 3,916 | 4,038 | 4,098 | 4,180 | 4,195 | 4,238 | 4,254 | 4,269 | 4,415 | 4,560 | 4,512 | 4,520 | 4,572 | 3,590 | ^ Two-wheelers | 51,554 | 132,273 | 141,013 | 88,061 | 46,636 | 41,741 | 36,830 | 32,719 | 29,615 | 27,589 | 25,507 | 23,954 | 22,888 | 22,186 | 21,101 | | //thereof: Mopeds// | 5,917 | 3,830 | 5,042 | 6,298 | 6,333 | 6,120 | 5,919 | 5,856 | 5,713 | 5,821 | 5,718 | 5,578 | 5,621 | 5,643 | 5,602 | | //thereof: Motorcycles// | 45,637 | 128,443 | 135,970 | 81,763 | 40,303 | 35,621 | 30,911 | 26,862 | 23,902 | 21,768 | 19,789 | 18,376 | 17,267 | 16,543 | 15,499 | | **TOTAL MILEAGE** ^ 695,243 ^ 698,118 ^ 700,277 ^ 699,750 ^ 717,829 ^ 728,881 ^ 729,242 ^ 734,968 ^ 749,029 ^ 760,077 ^ 770,319 ^ 778,942 ^ 783,200 ^ 795,089 ^ 704,622 ^ ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== > Please see sub-category chapters [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:tyre_and_brake_wear| 1.A.3.b vi - Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear ]] and [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:road_abrasion| 1.A.3.b vii - Automobile Road Abrasion ]]. ===== Recalculations ===== With both **activity data** and **emission factors** unrevised, emission estimates remain unaltered compared to last year's submission. ===== Planned improvements ===== Besides the **routine revision of the TREMOD model**, no specific improvements are planned. [(KNOERR2021a> Knörr et al. (2021a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2021.)]. [(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019)]