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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:international_maritime_navigation [2021/04/10 08:50] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:international_maritime_navigation [2022/03/17 08:13] – kotzulla | ||
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==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | Primary fuel delivery data (primary activity data, PAD) for // | + | Primary fuel delivery data (primary activity data, PAD) for // |
The AD applied for // | The AD applied for // | ||
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| <WRAP left round info 100%> | | <WRAP left round info 100%> | ||
+ | As a result, activity data can fluctuate strongly from year to year. | ||
+ | |||
+ | However, this effect can be explained with the fact that large ocean-going ships do not need to bunker fuels on every single harbour but can go on for weeks without any additional fuel uptake. | ||
+ | |||
+ | This can be further increased with increasing differences in fuel prices. | ||
__Table 1: Annual fuel consumption, | __Table 1: Annual fuel consumption, | ||
- | | | + | | |
- | ^ Diesel Oil | + | ^ Diesel Oil |
- | ^ Heavy fuel oil | + | ^ Heavy fuel oil |
- | | **Ʃ 1.A.3.d | + | | **Ʃ 1.A.3.d |
- | source: own estimates based on underlying BSH model (Deichnik, K. (2020)) [(DEICHNIK2020)] | + | source: own estimates based on underlying BSH model (Deichnik, K. (2021)) [(DEICHNIK2021)] |
Consumption of heavy oil has been increasing since 1984 as a result of high petroleum prices, global increases in transports and increasing maritime use of diesel engines that can run on heavy oil. The emissions fluctuations that occurred in the navigation sector in 1992 and 1996 were caused by trade and oil crises. | Consumption of heavy oil has been increasing since 1984 as a result of high petroleum prices, global increases in transports and increasing maritime use of diesel engines that can run on heavy oil. The emissions fluctuations that occurred in the navigation sector in 1992 and 1996 were caused by trade and oil crises. | ||
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==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
- | For **main pollutants** and **particulate matter**, modelled emission factors are available from (Deichnik, K. (2020)) [(DEICHNIK2020)]. | + | For **main pollutants** and **particulate matter**, modelled emission factors are available from (Deichnik, K. (2021)). |
Here, for **sulphur dioxide** and **particulate matter**, annual values are available representing the impact of fuel sulphur legislation. | Here, for **sulphur dioxide** and **particulate matter**, annual values are available representing the impact of fuel sulphur legislation. | ||
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__Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | ||
- | | | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2006** | **2007** | **2008** | **2009** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | **2019** | | + | | ^ |
- | | **DIESEL OIL** | + | | **DIESEL OIL** ||||||||||||||| |
- | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
- | ^ NMVOC | + | ^ NMVOC |
- | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
- | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | ^ TSP< | + | ^ TSP< |
- | ^ CO | | + | ^ CO | |
- | | **HEAVY FUEL OIL** | + | | **HEAVY FUEL OIL** ||||||||||||||| |
- | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
- | ^ NMVOC | + | ^ NMVOC |
- | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
- | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | ^ TSP< | + | ^ TSP< |
- | ^ CO | | + | ^ CO | |
< | < | ||
< | < | ||
- | > **NOTE: | + | <WRAP center round info 100%> |
+ | For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
+ | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | > For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
===== Discussion of emission trends===== | ===== Discussion of emission trends===== | ||
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**NFR 1.A.3.d i** is **not considered in the key category analysis**. | **NFR 1.A.3.d i** is **not considered in the key category analysis**. | ||
- | Emission trends for unregulated pollutants (such as **NH< | + | Basically, with no significant technical improvements with respect to mitigation technologies, trends in emissions depend more or less directly the amounts of fuels bunkered in German harbours |
- | {{ : | + | Here, as the amounts of fuels allocated to international maritime |
- | On the other hand, the emission trends for **SO< | + | Therefore, especially |
- | {{ : | + | {{ : |
+ | In contrast, emission trends for **SO< | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | Resulting from changes in the fuel consumption data computed within [(DEICHNIK2020)] for // | + | Resulting from changes in the fuel consumption data computed within [(DEICHNIK2021)] for // |
- | __Table 3: Revised fuel consumption data 2018, in terajoules__ | + | __Table 3: Revised |
- | | ^ | + | | ^ |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | | **DIESEL OIL** ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ current submission |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ previous submission |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | < | + | ^ relative change |
+ | | **HEAVY FUEL OIL** | ||
+ | ^ current submission | ||
+ | ^ previous submission | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
+ | | **OVER-ALL FUEL CONSUMPTION** | ||
+ | ^ current submission | ||
+ | ^ previous submission | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
+ | < | ||
- | In contrast, all country-specific | + | In addition, all country-specific **emission factors |
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general: | + | For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general: |
</ | </ | ||
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===== FAQs ===== | ===== FAQs ===== | ||
- | [(AGEB2020> AGEB, 2020: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; | + | [(AGEB2021> AGEB, 2021: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; |
- | [(DEICHNIK2020> Deichnik, K. (2019): Aktualisierung und Revision des Modells zur Berechnung der spezifischen Verbräuche und Emissionen des von Deutschland ausgehenden Seeverkehrs. from Bundesamts für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH); Hamburg, | + | [(DEICHNIK2021> Deichnik, K. (2021): Aktualisierung und Revision des Modells zur Berechnung der spezifischen Verbräuche und Emissionen des von Deutschland ausgehenden Seeverkehrs. from Bundesamts für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH); Hamburg, |
[(EMEPEEA2019> | [(EMEPEEA2019> | ||
- | [(RENTZ2008> | ||
[(KNOERR2009> | [(KNOERR2009> |