meta data for this page
Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision | ||
sector:energy:fugitive:gas:start [2022/03/08 08:41] – [Table] boettcher | sector:energy:fugitive:gas:start [2022/09/22 09:06] (current) – Fix link tarakji | ||
---|---|---|---|
Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
^ Source of emission factor | ^ Source of emission factor | ||
- | | Treatment of sour gas | NMVOC | kg/ 1000 m³ | 0.004 | | + | | Treatment of sour gas | NMVOC | kg/ 1000 m³ | 0.004 |
- | | Treatment of sour gas | CO | kg/ 1000 m³ | + | | Treatment of sour gas | CO |
- | | Treatment of sour gas | NOx | + | | Treatment of sour gas | NOx | kg/ 1000 m³ | 0.011 | |
- | | Treatment of sour gas | SO2 | + | | Treatment of sour gas | SO2 | kg/ 1000 m³ | 0.140 | |
Line 54: | Line 54: | ||
In pipeline inspection and cleaning, tools known as pipeline inspection gauges (" | In pipeline inspection and cleaning, tools known as pipeline inspection gauges (" | ||
- | ^ | + | ^ |
- | | Length of transmission pipelines | + | | Length of transmission pipelines |
- | | Cavern reservoirs | + | | Cavern reservoirs |
- | | Porous-rock reservoirs | + | | Porous-rock reservoirs |
Most of the gas extracted in Germany is moved via pipelines from gas fields and their pumping stations (either on land or off the coast). Imported gas is also transported mainly via pipelines. | Most of the gas extracted in Germany is moved via pipelines from gas fields and their pumping stations (either on land or off the coast). Imported gas is also transported mainly via pipelines. | ||
Line 75: | Line 75: | ||
The emissions caused by gas distribution have decreased slightly, even though gas throughput has increased considerably and the distribution network has been enlarged considerably with respect to its size in 1990. One important reason for this improvement is that the gas-distribution network has been modernised, especially in eastern Germany. In particular, the share of grey cast-iron lines in the low-pressure network has been reduced, with such lines being supplanted by low-emissions plastic pipelines. Another reason for the reduction is that fugitive losses in distribution have been reduced through a range of technical improvements (tightly sealing fittings such as flanges, valves, pumps, compressors) undertaken in keeping with emissions-control provisions in relevant regulations (TA Luft (1986) and TA Luft (2002)). | The emissions caused by gas distribution have decreased slightly, even though gas throughput has increased considerably and the distribution network has been enlarged considerably with respect to its size in 1990. One important reason for this improvement is that the gas-distribution network has been modernised, especially in eastern Germany. In particular, the share of grey cast-iron lines in the low-pressure network has been reduced, with such lines being supplanted by low-emissions plastic pipelines. Another reason for the reduction is that fugitive losses in distribution have been reduced through a range of technical improvements (tightly sealing fittings such as flanges, valves, pumps, compressors) undertaken in keeping with emissions-control provisions in relevant regulations (TA Luft (1986) and TA Luft (2002)). | ||
- | ^ | + | ^ |
- | | Distribution network of natural gas | + | | Distribution network of natural gas |
- | | Number of natural-gas-powered vehicles | + | | Number of natural-gas-powered vehicles |
**Pipeline network** | **Pipeline network** | ||
Line 116: | Line 116: | ||
The category describes emissions from leakage in the industrial sector and in the residential and institutional/ | The category describes emissions from leakage in the industrial sector and in the residential and institutional/ | ||
- | ^ activity data ^ Unit | + | ^ activity data ^ Unit |
- | | Gas meters in the residential and institutional / commercial sector | + | | Gas meters in the residential and institutional / commercial sector |
- | | Energy consumption of the industry | + | | Energy consumption of the industry |
The emission factors are country-specific, | The emission factors are country-specific, | ||
Line 133: | Line 133: | ||
===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | Emission factors from natural gas transmission will be updated according to results of the UNEP OGMP 2.0 measurement | + | Emission factors from natural gas transmission |
===== References ===== | ===== References ===== | ||
- | [(WEG2008> | + | [(WEG2008> |
[(EXXON2014> | [(EXXON2014> | ||
[(ZOELLNER2014> | [(ZOELLNER2014> | ||
[(GASUNIE2014> | [(GASUNIE2014> | ||
- | [(OHLEN2019> | + | [(OHLEN2019> |
[(GROSSE2019> | [(GROSSE2019> | ||
[(LANGER2012> | [(LANGER2012> |