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sector:energy:fugitive:oil:start [2022/03/22 11:50] – [1.B.2.a.i - Exploration, production, transport] kotzullasector:energy:fugitive:oil:start [2022/09/15 12:49] (current) – [References] Fix link hausmann
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 Tanks are emptied and cleaned routinely before tank inspections and repairs. In tank cleaning, a distinction is made between crude-oil tanks and product tanks. Because sediments accumulate in crude oil tanks, cleaning these tanks, in comparison to cleaning product tanks, is a considerably more laborious process. The substances in product tanks produce no sediments and thus are cleaned only when the products they contain are changed. In keeping with an assessment of Müller-BBM (2010)[(MBBM2010)], the emission factors for storage of crude oil and of petroleum products may be assumed to take the cleaning processes into account. Tanks are emptied and cleaned routinely before tank inspections and repairs. In tank cleaning, a distinction is made between crude-oil tanks and product tanks. Because sediments accumulate in crude oil tanks, cleaning these tanks, in comparison to cleaning product tanks, is a considerably more laborious process. The substances in product tanks produce no sediments and thus are cleaned only when the products they contain are changed. In keeping with an assessment of Müller-BBM (2010)[(MBBM2010)], the emission factors for storage of crude oil and of petroleum products may be assumed to take the cleaning processes into account.
  
-^ activity data                                                      ^  unit      1990      1995      2000      2005      2010      2015      2019      2020     ^+__Table 8: Activity data applied for emissions from oil refinement and storage__  
 +^ Activity                                                     ^  unit      1990      1995      2000      2005      2010      2015      2019      2020     ^
 | Quantity of crude oil refined                                      |  kt        107,058  |  96,475    107,632  |  114,589  |  95,378    93,391    87,013    83,990   | | Quantity of crude oil refined                                      |  kt        107,058  |  96,475    107,632  |  114,589  |  95,378    93,391    87,013    83,990   |
 | Capacity utilisation in refineries                                  %        |  106      |  92        95        99        81        91        85        85       | | Capacity utilisation in refineries                                  %        |  106      |  92        95        99        81        91        85        85       |
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 {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:oil:raffinerie.jpg?nolink&400|}} {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:oil:raffinerie.jpg?nolink&400|}}
  
-Source of emission factor                                                               ^ Substance  ^ Unit   ^ Value      ^+__Table 9: Emission factors applied for emissions from oil refinement and storage__  
 +Activity                                                               ^ Substance  ^ Unit   ^ Value      ^
 | Fugitive emissions at refineries                                                        |  NMVOC      kg/t  |  0.0072    | | Fugitive emissions at refineries                                                        |  NMVOC      kg/t  |  0.0072    |
 | Fugitive emissions at refineries                                                        |  NOₓ        kg/t  |  0.00602   | | Fugitive emissions at refineries                                                        |  NOₓ        kg/t  |  0.00602   |
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 In this category, petroleum products that have undergone fractional distillation in refineries are handled and distributed, i.e. processes in which gaseous products are separated out. For this reason, no significant methane emissions are expected. Only in storage of certain petroleum products can small quantities of methane escape.  In this category, petroleum products that have undergone fractional distillation in refineries are handled and distributed, i.e. processes in which gaseous products are separated out. For this reason, no significant methane emissions are expected. Only in storage of certain petroleum products can small quantities of methane escape. 
    
- +__Table 10: Annual activity data for the distribution of oil products__  
-activity data                      ^  Unit  ^  1990    1995    2000    2005    2010    2015    2019    2020   ^ +^ Activity                           ^  Unit  ^  1990    1995    2000    2005    2010    2015    2019    2020   ^ 
-| number of petrol stations          |  No    |  19,317 |  17,957 |  16,324 |  15,187 |  14,744 |  14,531 |  14,449 | 14,459  +| number of petrol stations          |  No    |  19,317 |  17,957 |  16,324 |  15,187 |  14,744 |  14,531 |  14,449 |  14,459 | 
-| distribution of diesel              kt    |  21,817 |  26,208 |  28,922 |  28,531 |  32,128 |  36,756 |  37,848 | 35,163  +| distribution of diesel              kt    |  21,817 |  26,208 |  28,922 |  28,531 |  32,128 |  36,756 |  37,848 |  35,163 | 
-| distribution of jet fuel            kt    |   4,584 |   5,455 |   6,939 |   8,049 |   8,465 |   8,550 |  10,239 |  4,725  +| distribution of jet fuel            kt    |   4,584 |   5,455 |   6,939 |   8,049 |   8,465 |   8,550 |  10,239 |   4,725 | 
-| distribution of light heating oil  |  kt    |  31,803 |  34,785 |  27,875 |  25,380 |  21,005 |  16,127 |  15,061 | 15,558  +| distribution of light heating oil  |  kt    |  31,803 |  34,785 |  27,875 |  25,380 |  21,005 |  16,127 |  15,061 |  15,558 | 
-| distribution of domestic petrol    |  kt    |  31,257 |  30,333 |  28,833 |  23,431 |  19,634 |  18,226 |  17,966 | 16,218  |+| distribution of domestic petrol    |  kt    |  31,257 |  30,333 |  28,833 |  23,431 |  19,634 |  18,226 |  17,966 |  16,218 |
  
  
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-Generally, the emission factors listed below have been verified by the study [(Theloke2013)]. +Generally, the emission factors listed below have been verified by the study [(THELOKE2013)]. 
  
 ^ **Process responsible for NMVOC emissions**                                                                                              ^                     ^ Emission factor [kg/t]  ^ ^ **Process responsible for NMVOC emissions**                                                                                              ^                     ^ Emission factor [kg/t]  ^
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 [(MWV>MWV (2020). Annual report of the Association of the German Petroleum Industry „Jahresbericht 2020“ [[https://www.mwv.de/publikationen/jahresberichte/|External Link]] )] [(MWV>MWV (2020). Annual report of the Association of the German Petroleum Industry „Jahresbericht 2020“ [[https://www.mwv.de/publikationen/jahresberichte/|External Link]] )]
-[(BVEG>BVEG (2019). Annual report of the Association of Oil and Gas Producing "Die E&P-Industrie in Zahlen. Statisticher Bericht 2019: Zahlen”. [[https://www.bveg.de/content/download/13460/154828/file/BVEG%20Statistischer%20Bericht%202019.pdf|External Link, PDF]] )] +[(BVEG>BVEG (2019). Annual report of the Association of Oil and Gas Producing "Die E&P-Industrie in Zahlen. Statisticher Bericht 2019: Zahlen”. [[https://www.bveg.de/der-verband/publikationen/statistischer-jahresbericht-2019/|External Link]] )] 
-[(WEG2008>WEG (2008). Report of the Association of Oil and Gas Producing "Erdgas – Erdöl. Entstehung-Suche-Förderung", Hannover, 34 S. [[https://www.bveg.de/content/download/1990/11317/file/Erdgas%20Erd%C3%B6l%20Entstehung%20Suche%20F%C3%B6rderung.pdf|External Link, PDF]] )]+[(WEG2008>WEG (2008). Report of the Association of Oil and Gas Producing "Erdgas – Erdöl. Entstehung-Suche-Förderung", Hannover, 34 S. [[https://www.bveg.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/BVEG-Leitfaden-Bohrungsintegritaet_Technische-Regel.pdf|External Link, PDF]] )]
 [(IPCC2006>IPCC (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan. [[https://www.ipcc.ch/report/2006-ipcc-guidelines-for-national-greenhouse-gas-inventories/|External Link]] )] [(IPCC2006>IPCC (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan. [[https://www.ipcc.ch/report/2006-ipcc-guidelines-for-national-greenhouse-gas-inventories/|External Link]] )]
 [(THELOKE2013>Theloke, J., Kampffmeyer, T., Kugler, U., Friedrich, R., Schilling, S., Wolf, L., & Springwald, T. (2013). Ermittlung von Emissionsfaktoren und Aktivitätsraten im Bereich IPCC (1996) 1.B.2.a. i-vi - Diffuse Emissionen aus Mineralöl und Mineralölprodukten (Förderkennzeichen 360 16 033). Stuttgart. )] [(THELOKE2013>Theloke, J., Kampffmeyer, T., Kugler, U., Friedrich, R., Schilling, S., Wolf, L., & Springwald, T. (2013). Ermittlung von Emissionsfaktoren und Aktivitätsraten im Bereich IPCC (1996) 1.B.2.a. i-vi - Diffuse Emissionen aus Mineralöl und Mineralölprodukten (Förderkennzeichen 360 16 033). Stuttgart. )]
 [(CECH2017>Cech, M., Davis, P., Gambardella, F., Haskamp, A., González, P. H., Spence, M., & Larivé, J.-F. (2017). Performance of European cross-country oil pipelines - Statistical summary of reported spillages in 2015 and since 1971 [[https://www.concawe.eu/publications/concawe-reports/|External Link]] )] [(CECH2017>Cech, M., Davis, P., Gambardella, F., Haskamp, A., González, P. H., Spence, M., & Larivé, J.-F. (2017). Performance of European cross-country oil pipelines - Statistical summary of reported spillages in 2015 and since 1971 [[https://www.concawe.eu/publications/concawe-reports/|External Link]] )]
-[(MBBM2010>Müller-BBM (2010). UBA research project No. 3707 42 103/ 01,  Aufbereitung von Daten der Emissionserklärungen gemäß 11. BImSchV aus dem Jahre 2004 für die Verwendung bei der UNFCC- und UNECE-Berichterstattung - Bereich Lageranlagen (Bericht Nr. M74 244/7, UBA FKZ 3707 42 103/01). [[http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3923.pdf|External Link]] )]+[(MBBM2010>Müller-BBM (2010). UBA research project No. 3707 42 103/ 01,  Aufbereitung von Daten der Emissionserklärungen gemäß 11. BImSchV aus dem Jahre 2004 für die Verwendung bei der UNFCC- und UNECE-Berichterstattung - Bereich Lageranlagen (Bericht Nr. M74 244/7, UBA FKZ 3707 42 103/01). [[https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3923.pdf|External Link]] )]
 [(Bender2019>Bender, M., & von Müller, G. (2019). Konsolidierung der Treibhausgasemissionsberechnungen unter der 2. Verpflichtungsperiode des Kyoto-Protokolls und der neuen Klimaschutz-Berichterstattungspflichten an die EU (FKZ 3716 41 107 0).)] [(Bender2019>Bender, M., & von Müller, G. (2019). Konsolidierung der Treibhausgasemissionsberechnungen unter der 2. Verpflichtungsperiode des Kyoto-Protokolls und der neuen Klimaschutz-Berichterstattungspflichten an die EU (FKZ 3716 41 107 0).)]
 [(VDI2000>VDI (2000). VDI-Richtlinie 2440: Emissionsminderung - Mineralölraffinerien, published by V. D. I. )] [(VDI2000>VDI (2000). VDI-Richtlinie 2440: Emissionsminderung - Mineralölraffinerien, published by V. D. I. )]