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--- sector:ippu:chemical_industry:nitric_acid_production:start [2021/01/26 10:51] – [Short description] kuntze
+++ sector:ippu:chemical_industry:nitric_acid_production:start [2022/03/22 08:02] (current) – [Recalculations] kotzulla
@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ===== Short description =====
-^  Method  ^  AD  ^  EF  ^  Key Category         ^
+^ Category Code  ^  Method                                                                           ||||^  AD                                        ||||^  EF                              |||||
-|  T2      |  PS  |  D   |  **L/T**: NO<sub>x</sub>  |
+| 2.B.2          |  T2                                                                               |||||  PS                                        |||||  D                               |||||
+^                ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC  ^  CO  ^  Pb  ^  Cd  ^  Hg  ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^
+| Key Category:  |  -/-             |  -      |  -               |  -               |  -                 |  -                |  -    |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -     |  -    |  -    |
-{{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}
+{{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} \\
-During the production of nitric acid, nitrogen oxide occurs in a secondary reaction. In Germany, there are currently seven nitric acid production plants. HNO,,3,, production occurs in two process stages:
+During the production of nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>), nitrogen oxide is produced unintentionally in a secondary reaction during the catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>). HNO<sub>3</sub> production occurs in two process stages:
-* Oxidation of NH,,3,, to NO and
+  * Oxidation of NH<sub>3</sub> to NO and
-* Conversion of NO to NO,,2,, and absorption in H,,2,,O.
+  * Conversion of NO to NO<sub>2</sub> and absorption in H<sub>2</sub>O.
 Details of the process are outlined below:
-==== Catalytic oxidation of ammonia ====
+{{ :sector:ippu:chemical_industry:nitric_acid_production:nitricacidproduction.png?nolink&200|}}
-A mixture of ammonia and air at a ratio of 1:9 is oxidised, in the presence of a platinum catalyst alloyed with rhodium and/or palladium, at a temperature of between 800 and 950 °C. The related reaction, according to the Oswald process, is as follows:
+**Catalytic oxidation of ammonia**
-= 4 NH,,3,, + 5 O,,2,, --> 4 NO + 6 H,,2,,O
+A mixture of ammonia and air at a ratio of 1:9 is oxidised, in the presence of a platinum catalyst alloyed with rhodium and/or palladium, at a temperature of between 800 and 950 °C. The reaction according to the Oswald process is as follows:
+NH<sub>3</sub> + 5 O<sub>2</sub> --> 4 NO + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O
 Simultaneously, nitrogen, nitrous oxide and water are formed by the following undesired secondary reactions:
-= 4 NH,,3,, + 3 O,,2,, --> 2 N,,2,, + 6 H,,2,,O
-= 4 NH,,3,, + 4 O,,2,, --> 2 N,,2,,O + 6 H,,2,,O
-[[f>image NitricAcidProduction.PNG size="medium"]]
+NH<sub>3</sub> + 3 O<sub>2</sub> --> 2 N<sub>2</sub> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O
-All three oxidation reactions are exothermic. Heat may be recovered to produce steam for the process and for export to other plants and/or to preheat the residual gas. The reaction water is condensed in a cooling condenser, during the cooling of the reaction gases, and is then conveyed into the absorption column.
+NH<sub>3</sub> + 4 O<sub>2</sub> --> 2 N<sub>2</sub>O + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O
-===== Methodology =====
+All three oxidation reactions are exothermic. Heat may be recovered to produce steam for the process and for export to other plants and/or to preheat the residual gas. The reaction water is condensed in a cooling condenser, during the cooling of the reaction gases, and is then conveyed into the absorption column.
+===== Method =====
+In Germany, there are currently nine nitric acid plants.
 ==== Activity data ====
-As this source category is a key category for N,,2,,O, plant specific activity data are applied here according to the IPCC guidelines.
+As this source category is a key category for N<sub>2</sub>O, plant specific activity data is collected here according to the IPCC guidelines.
-These data are made available basically via a co-operation agreement with the nitric acid producers and the IVA (Industrieverband Agrar). As the data provided by the producers has to be treated as confidential, it is anonymised by the IVA before submitting it to the UBA. Here, one producer is delivering its data directly to the UBA. After checking these specific data, they are merged with the IVA.
+This data is made available basically via a co-operation agreement with the nitric acid producers and the IVA (Industrieverband Agrar). As the data provided by the producers has to be treated as confidential, it is anonymised by the IVA before submitting it to the UBA. However, one producer is delivering its data directly to the UBA. After checking this specific data, it is merged with that provided by the IVA.
+According to the IVA, catalytic reduction is used as an abatement method in some of the plants.
-According to the IVA, catalytic reduction is used as a reduction method in some of the plants.
+==== Emission factors ====
-==== Emission factor ====
-For NO,,x,, the default emission factor from the EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook of 10 kg/t NH,,3,,[(EEA, 2013: EMEP EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook 2013, Aug 2013: page 15, table 3.3 Tier 1 emission factor for source category 2.B.2 Nitric acid production)] is used.
-===== Recalculations =====
+Different T2 default NO<sub>x</sub> emission factors based on different technology types and abatement systems are used from the EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook 2019 (EF for medium and high pressure processes and for catalytic reduction of low, medium and high pressure process)[(EEA, Oct 2019: : EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Part B: sectoral guidance chapters, 2.B Chemical industry: pp.21-23, Table 3.11, Table 3.12 and Table 3.14.)]. The applied emissions factors are listed in **Table 1**.
-With **activity data** and **emission factors** remaining unrevised, no recalculations have been carried out compared to last year's submission.
+**Table 1**: Tier 2 emission factor of NOx for source category 2.B.2 Nitric acid production
+^ Emission factor (kg/t)  ^ Process                                                     ^
+|  7.5                    | medium pressure process                                     |
+|  3                      | high pressure process                                       |
+|  0.4                    | low, medium and high pressure process, catalytic reduction  |
-===== Planned improvements =====
-Germany is in contact with the IVA with the aim to get a Country-specific EF for the NOx emissions. It is expected that the Country-specific EF will be lower than the Default EF.
+===== Recalculations =====
+With emission factors revised for each plant, recalculations of NOx have been carried out compared to last year's submission. So far a T1 method with a T1 Default EF was used. With the sabmissionsubmission 2022 a T2 method is applied with T2 EFs. The total emissions from 1990 to 2019 for the latest two submissions and their difference are listed in **Table 2**.
+**Table 2**: NOx emissions from nitric acid production
+^       ^ Submission 2022       ^ Submission 2021       ^ Difference            ^
+^ Year  ^ NOₓ emission (in kt)  ^ NOₓ emission (in kt)  ^ NOₓ emission (in kt)  ^
+^ 1990  |                 11.30 |                 16.98 |                  5.68 |
+^ 1991  |                 10.40 |                 15.60 |                  5.20 |
+^ 1992  |                 10.08 |                 14.76 |                  4.69 |
+^ 1993  |                  9.60 |                 14.76 |                  5.17 |
+^ 1994  |                  9.45 |                 14.59 |                  5.14 |
+^ 1995  |                 10.33 |                 16.25 |                  5.91 |
+^ 1996  |                 10.65 |                 16.60 |                  5.95 |
+^ 1997  |                 10.50 |                 16.33 |                  5.83 |
+^ 1998  |                 10.55 |                 16.54 |                  5.99 |
+^ 1999  |                 10.94 |                 17.40 |                  6.46 |
+^ 2000  |                 11.93 |                 19.23 |                  7.30 |
+^ 2001  |                 11.24 |                 18.07 |                  6.83 |
+^ 2002  |                 14.05 |                 21.12 |                  7.07 |
+^ 2003  |                 14.67 |                 22.49 |                  7.82 |
+^ 2004  |                 17.59 |                 25.99 |                  8.40 |
+^ 2005  |                 17.92 |                 26.34 |                  8.43 |
+^ 2006  |                 18.26 |                 26.95 |                  8.69 |
+^ 2007  |                 14.28 |                 28.79 |                 14.50 |
+^ 2008  |                 12.91 |                 26.30 |                 13.39 |
+^ 2009  |                  2.78 |                 22.58 |                 19.81 |
+^ 2010  |                  1.01 |                 25.25 |                 24.24 |
+^ 2011  |                  0.99 |                 24.85 |                 23.85 |
+^ 2012  |                  1.00 |                 24.90 |                 23.90 |
+^ 2013  |                  1.03 |                 25.72 |                 24.69 |
+^ 2014  |                  1.04 |                 26.01 |                 24.97 |
+^ 2015  |                  1.01 |                 25.22 |                 24.21 |
+^ 2016  |                  1.02 |                 25.41 |                 24.39 |
+^ 2017  |                  1.08 |                 27.11 |                 26.03 |
+^ 2018  |                  1.07 |                 26.69 |                 25.62 |
+^ 2019  |                  1.07 |                 26.69 |                 25.62 |
 <WRAP center round info 60%>
-For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP>
+===== Planned improvements =====
+No category-specific improvements are planned.
 ------

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