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| sector:natural_sources:forest_fires:start [2021/01/25 15:00] – doering | sector:natural_sources:forest_fires:start [2023/05/04 06:12] (current) – [Table] kotzulla | ||
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| | CS, T2, T1 | CS | D | | CS, T2, T1 | CS | D | ||
| - | Category //11.B – Forest fires// include emissions from forest fires occurring naturally or caused by humans. | + | < |
| - | In Germany’s forests prescribed burning is not applied. Therefore, all forest fires are categorized as wildfires. | + | ---- |
| + | Legend | ||
| + | T = key source by Trend / L = key source by Level | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| - | ===== Methodology | + | // |
| + | D: | ||
| + | RA: | ||
| + | T1: Tier 1 / Simple | ||
| + | T2: Tier 2* | ||
| + | T3: Tier 3 / Detailed Methodology * | ||
| + | C: | ||
| + | CS: Country Specific | ||
| + | M: Model | ||
| + | as described in the EMEP/ | ||
| - | For calculating the emissions of wildfires a country specific Tier2 approach was used. The mass of carbon emitted M(C) was calculated using the adapted equation follows the methodology of Seiler and Crutzen (1980) ((Seiler, W., Crutzen P.J.: Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere from biomass burning. Climate Change. 1980)). | + | ---- |
| - | {{ :sector:natural_sources:forest_fire.png? | + | //AD:- Data Source for Activity Data // |
| + | NS: National Statistics | ||
| + | RS: Regional Statistics | ||
| + | IS: | ||
| + | PS: Plant Specific data | ||
| + | AS: | ||
| + | Q: specific questionnaires, | ||
| - | //M(C) = 0.45 * A * B * β// | + | ---- |
| + | //EF - Emission Factors// | ||
| + | D: Default (EMEP Guidebook) | ||
| + | C: | ||
| + | CS: Country Specific | ||
| + | PS: Plant Specific data</ | ||
| - | where: | + | ---- |
| - | 0.45 = average fraction of carbon in fuel wood; | + | ====== Country specifics ====== |
| - | A = forest area burnt in [m²]; | ||
| - | B = mean above-ground biomass of fuel material per unit area in [kg/m²]; | + | ===== Category 11.B – Forest fires ===== |
| - | β = burning | + | In Germany’s forests prescribed |
| - | The data on forest areas burnt for the period 1990 to 2018 have been taken from the German forest fire statistic (BLE, 2020) ((BLE (Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung), | ||
| - | the inventory study 2008 (([https:// | ||
| - | The emissions for the pollutants were calculated by multiplying the mass of carbon with the respective emission factors from table 3-3 (EMEP/EEA, 2019)((EMEP/ | + | ==== Methodology ==== |
| - | For the calculation of particulate | + | For calculating |
| - | The Guidebook does not indicate whether EFs have considered the condensable component (with or without). | + | {{ : |
| - | As a first estimate black carbon emissions are reported the first time. | + | //M(C) = 0.45 * A * B * β// |
| - | === Activity data === | ||
| - | The data on forest areas burnt for the period 1990 to 2019 are based on the German forest fire statistic (BLE, 2020) managed by the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food. | + | where: |
| - | __Table 1: Area of forest burnt from 1990 until the latest reporting year, in [ha]__ | + | 0.45 = average fraction |
| + | A = forest area burnt in [m²]; | ||
| + | B = mean above-ground biomass of fuel material per unit area in [kg/m²]; | ||
| - | ^ | + | β = burning efficiency (fraction |
| - | | Area of forest | + | |
| + | The data on forest areas burnt for the period 1990 to 2020 have been taken from the German forest fire statistic (BLE, 2021)((BLE (Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung), | ||
| + | * German National Forest Inventorys of 1987, 2002, 2012 (Bundeswaldinventuren 1987, 2002, 2012), | ||
| + | * [[https:// | ||
| + | * [[https:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | Pursuant to König (2007) ((König, H.-C., 2007. Waldbrandschutz - Kompendium für Forst und Feuerwehr. 1. Fachverlag Matthias Grimm, Berlin, 197 S.)), 80% of the forest fires in Germany are surface fires and 20% crown fires. In accordance to the IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF (2003) a burning efficiency of 0.15 was used for surface fires and an efficiency of 0.45 was used for crown fires. | ||
| - | ^ | + | The emissions for the pollutants were calculated by multiplying the mass of carbon with the respective emission factors from table 3-3 (EMEP/EEA, 2019)((EMEP/ |
| - | | Area of forest | + | |
| + | For the calculation of particulate emissions (TSP, PM< | ||
| - | ^ | + | The Guidebook does not indicate whether EFs have considered the condensable component (with or without). |
| - | | Area of forest burnt | 269 | 199 | 120 | 526 | 283 | 395 | 2349 | 2711 | | + | |
| + | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | The data on forest areas burnt for the period 1990 to 2020 are based on the German forest fire statistic (BLE, 2021) managed by the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food. | ||
| + | __Table 1: Area of forest burnt from 1990 until the latest reporting year, in [ha]__ | ||
| - | === Emission factors === | ||
| - | For the year 2019 the estimated emission factors from table 2 were applied. | ||
| - | __Table 2: Emission factors applied for 2019__ | + | ^ |
| - | ^ | + | | |
| - | | NO< | + | ^ 2000 |
| - | | CO | + | | |
| - | | NMVOC | 389.45 | + | ^ 2010 |
| - | | SO< | + | | |
| - | | NH< | + | ^ 2020 |
| - | | TSP | 700.59 | + | | 368 | | |
| - | | PM< | + | |
| - | | PM< | + | |
| - | | BC | + | |
| - | In addition, a large-scale fire, which occurred in September 2018, is reported under 11.B. A detailed description can be found in the NIR | ||
| - | 2020 in Chapter 6.8.2.5 ((NIR (2020): National Inventory Report 2020 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2018. Available in April 2020)), because a large amount of CO< | ||
| - | The burned area of the drained moor, which is used as a military facility, covered 1,221 ha. This fire was extensively investigated and documented by the Federal Office for Infrastructure, | ||
| - | )). | ||
| - | The product MB×Cf is set to 336 t dm ha-1 according to Table 2.6 and formula 2.7 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement ((IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014b): 2013 Supplement to the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: | ||
| - | For the calculation of CO emissions the EF according to Table 2.7, 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement 207 g (kg dm)-1, is taken into account. This results in 85 kt CO. For other emissions from land fires on drained organic soils no Tier-1 emission | + | ==== Emission |
| + | For the year 2020 the following estimated emission factors were applied: | ||
| - | ------ | + | __Table 2: Emission factors applied for 2020, in [kg/ha forest area burnt]__ |
| + | ^ ^ EF< | ||
| + | | NO< | ||
| + | | CO | 4, | ||
| + | | NMVOC | ||
| + | | SO< | ||
| + | | NH< | ||
| + | | TSP | ||
| + | | PM< | ||
| + | | PM< | ||
| + | | BC | 34.01 | | ||
| - | [[bibliography]] | + | In addition, a large-scale fire, which occurred in September 2018, is reported under 11.B. A detailed description can be found in the NIR |
| - | : 1 : BLE (Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung), 2020: Waldbrandstatistik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für das Jahr 2019, Bonn: 21 S. | + | 2020 in Chapter 6.8.2.5 ((NIR (2020): National Inventory Report 2020 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2018. Available in April 2020)), because a large amount of CO< |
| - | + | ||
| - | : 2 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: [*https://www.eea.europa.eu/ | + | |
| - | : 3 : König, H.-C., 2007. Waldbrandschutz - Kompendium für Forst und Feuerwehr. 1. Fachverlag Matthias Grimm, Berlin, 197 S. | + | The burned area of the drained moor, which is used as a military facility, covered 1,221 ha. This fire was extensively investigated and documented by the Federal Office for Infrastructure, |
| - | : 4 : Seiler, W., Crutzen P.J.: Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between | + | The product M< |
| - | : 5 : USEPA, 1996: Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors Vol.1. Stationary, Point and Area Sources. Report AP-42 (fifth edition). | + | <WRAP center round info 60%> |
| + | * M< | ||
| - | :6: NIR (2020): National Inventory Report 2020 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2018. Available in April 2020. | + | * C< |
| + | </ | ||
| - | :7: IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2006): 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, | + | For the calculation of CO emissions the EF according to Table 2.7, 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement 207 g (kg dm)<sup>-1</sup>, is taken into account resulting in 85 kt of CO. |
| - | :8: IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014b): 2013 Supplement to the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: | ||
| - | [[/ | ||