====== Explanation of Key Trends - Fine Particulate Matter (PM₂.₅) ======
===== Obligations =====
Germany has made a commitment to reduce particulate matter emissions. The revised Gothenburg Protocol and the revised NEC Directive both define emission reduction targets relative to a 2005 base year, mandating 26% (2020) and 43% (2030) reductions respectively.
While Germany's compliance with these obligations is not discussed here, further information on this subject can be found in [[general:projections:start|Chapter 9 - Projections]] and [[general:adjustments:start|Chapter 11 - Adjustments and Emission Ceiling Exceedance]].
===== Main drivers =====
Between 1995 and 2021, **Total PM2.5 emissions declined by 58.6%**.
The Main Drivers for PM2.5 emissions are **Fuel Combustion (NFR 1.A)** with 72% of total 1995 emissions and a 64% reduction between 1995 and 2021 and, as a sum, the **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)** with about 21% of total 1995 emissions and a 51% reduction between 1995 and 2021.
Within both National totals and NFR 1.A, **Transport (NFR 1.A.3)** is responsible for the biggest part of PM2.5 emissions. Here, about 77% of 2019 PM2.5 transport emissions are induced by **Road Transport (NFR 1.A.3.b)**, caused by two third directly by fuel consumption **(NFR 1.A.3.b.i - v)** and the other third by road abrasion and tyre and brake wear **(NFR 1.A.3.b.vi - vii)**.
__Table: PM2.5 emissions 1990-2021, in kilotonnes [kt]__
^ ||||||||||||||^ Trend: latest compared to ||
^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 1995 ^ last years ^
| 202 | 165 | 135 | 119 | 115 | 113 | 111 | 104 | 103 | 97 | 96 | 95 | 90 | 81 | 83 | {{:general:trends:down_green.png|down}} -58.6% | {{:general:trends:down_green.png|down}} |
{{ :general:trends:iir_pm25_trend.png?direct&700 | trend of PM2.5 emisisons, by sector}}
{{ :general:trends:iir_pm25_trend_from_2005.png?direct&700 | trend of PM2.5 emisisons, by sector, from 2005}}