====== 1.A.4.c ii (a) - Off-road Vehicles and other Machinery: Agriculture ======
===== Short description =====
Under sub-category //1.A.4.c ii (a)// fuel combustion activities and resulting emissions from agricultural off-road vehicles and mobile machinery are reported.
^ NFR-Code ^ Source category ^ Method ^ AD ^ EF ^ Key Category Analysis ^
| 1.A.4.c ii (a) | Off-road Vehicles and Other Machinery: Agriculture | T1, T2 | NS, M | CS, D, M | [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:agriculture_and_forestry| see superordinate chapter ]] |
{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:traktor.png?nolink&300}}
======Methodology=====
====Activity data====
Subsector-specific consumption data is included in the primary fuel-delivery data are available from NEB line 67: 'Commercial, trade, services and other consumers' (AGEB, 2022) [(AGEB2022)].
__Table 1: Sources for primary fuel-delivery data__
|| through 1994 || **AGEB** - National Energy Balance, line 79: 'Haushalte und Kleinverbraucher insgesamt' ||
|| as of 1995 || **AGEB** - National Energy Balance, line 67: 'Gewerbe, Handel, Dienstleistungen u. übrige Verbraucher' ||
Following the deduction of energy inputs for military vehicles as provided in (BAFA, 2022) [(BAFA2022)], the remaining amounts of gasoline and diesel oil are apportioned onto off-road construction vehicles (NFR 1.A.2.g vii) and off-road vehicles in commercial/institutional use (1.A.4. ii) as well as agriculture and forestry (NFR 1.A.4.c ii) based upon annual shares derived from TREMOD-MM (Knörr et al. (2022b) [(KNOERR2022b)] (cf. NFR 1.A.4 - mobile).
__Table 2: Annual contribution of agricultural vehicles and mobile machinery to the primary diesel1 fuels delivery data provided in NEB line 67__
^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^
| 47.5% | 45.6% | 43.8% | 46.2% | 47.4% | 47.2% | 47.2% | 48.0% | 47.8% | 48.2% | 48.4% | 48.5% | 48.4% | 48.4% | 48.2% | 48.6% |
1 no gasoline used in agricultural vehicles and mobile machinery
__Table 3: Annual mobile fuel consumption in agriculture, in terajoules__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^
^ Diesel Oil | 53,188 | 44,553 | 41,633 | 37,893 | 41,973 | 42,813 | 42,087 | 44,479 | 46,205 | 48,848 | 50,968 | 52,500 | 48,950 | 49,622 | 50,901 | 51,619 |
^ Biodiesel | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,421 | 3,218 | 2,987 | 2,970 | 2,638 | 2,839 | 2,672 | 2,702 | 2,803 | 2,846 | 2,826 | 4,228 | 3,586 |
| **Ʃ 1.A.4.c ii (i)** ^ 53,188 ^ 44,553 ^ 41,633 ^ 40,315 ^ 45,191 ^ 45,800 ^ 45,057 ^ 47,117 ^ 49,045 ^ 51,520 ^ 53,670 ^ 55,302 ^ 51,795 ^ 52,448 ^ 55,129 ^ 55,205 ^
==== Emission factors ====
The emission factors applied here are of rather different quality:
For all **main pollutants**, **carbon monoxide** and **particulate matter**, annual IEF modelled within TREMOD MM are used, representing the sector's vehicle-fleet composition, the development of mitigation technologies and the effect of fuel-quality legislation.
__Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors1, in kg/TJ__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^
^ NH3 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
^ NMVOC | 258 | 231 | 205 | 165 | 124 | 118 | 112 | 106 | 99.7 | 93.8 | 88.6 | 83.8 | 79.1 | 74.8 | 70.6 | 66.4 |
^ NOx | 873 | 886 | 916 | 832 | 682 | 655 | 629 | 605 | 581 | 560 | 541 | 522 | 505 | 489 | 471 | 451 |
^ SOx | 79.6 | 60.5 | 14.0 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 |
^ PM2 | 125 | 109 | 93.1 | 74.7 | 57.4 | 54.8 | 52.4 | 50.1 | 47.5 | 44.8 | 42.3 | 39.8 | 37.5 | 35.4 | 33.2 | 30.9 |
^ BC3 | 229 | 201 | 171 | 134 | 97.1 | 91.5 | 86.3 | 81.5 | 76.4 | 71.5 | 66.9 | 62.7 | 58.6 | 54.9 | 51.3 | 47.6 |
^ CO | 882 | 834 | 779 | 674 | 555 | 536 | 518 | 500 | 479 | 459 | 441 | 424 | 407 | 391 | 375 | 359 |
1 due to lack of better information: similar EF are applied for fossil and biofuels \\
2 EF(PM2.5) also applied for PM10 and TSP (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM2.5)\\
3 estimated via a f-BCs as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], Chapter 1.A.2.g vii, 1.A.4.a ii, b ii, c ii, 1.A.5.b i - Non-road, note to Table 3-1: Tier 1 emission factors for off-road machinery \\
> **NOTE:** With respect to the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, condensables are most likely included at least partly. During test-bench measurements, temperatures are likely to be significantly higher than under real-world conditions, thus reducing condensation. On the contrary, smaller dillution (higher number of primary particles acting as condensation germs) together with higher pressures increase the likeliness of condensation. So over-all condensables are very likely to occur but different to real-world conditions.
> For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.
===== Recalculations =====
Revisions in **activity data** result from slightly revised annual shares adapted EBZ 67 shares as well as the implementation of primary activity data from the now finalised NEB 2020.
__Table 5: Revised annual shares of NEB line 67, in %__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^
^ current submission | 0,475 | 0,456 | 0,438 | 0,462 | 0,474 | 0,472 | 0,472 | 0,480 | 0,478 | 0,482 | 0,484 | 0,485 | 0,484 | 0,484 | 0,482 |
^ previous submission | 0,476 | 0,456 | 0,439 | 0,462 | 0,475 | 0,472 | 0,473 | 0,480 | 0,478 | 0,483 | 0,485 | 0,485 | 0,484 | 0,484 | 0,483 |
^ absolute change | -0,001 | -0,001 | -0,001 | -0,001 | -0,001 | -0,001 | -0,001 | -0,001 | -0,001 | -0,001 | -0,001 | -0,001 | -0,001 | -0,001 | -0,001 |
^ relative change | -0,14% | -0,15% | -0,15% | -0,13% | -0,12% | -0,12% | -0,12% | -0,12% | -0,12% | -0,12% | -0,12% | -0,12% | -0,1% | -0,12% | -0,1% |
__Table 6: Revised activity data, in terajoules__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^
^ current submission | 53,188 | 44,553 | 41,633 | 40,315 | 45,191 | 45,800 | 45,057 | 47,117 | 49,045 | 51,520 | 53,670 | 55,302 | 51,795 | 52,448 | 55,129 |
^ previous submission | 53,263 | 44,622 | 41,696 | 40,366 | 45,246 | 45,855 | 45,111 | 47,172 | 49,102 | 51,580 | 53,732 | 55,367 | 51,855 | 52,509 | 54,641 |
^ absolute change | -75.7 | -68.7 | -63.4 | -51.4 | -54.6 | -54.8 | -53.6 | -54.7 | -56.7 | -59.9 | -62.4 | -64.3 | -59.9 | -60.6 | 488 |
^ relative change | -0.14% | -0.15% | -0.15% | -0.1% | -0.1% | -0.12% | -0.12% | -0.12% | -0.12% | -0.12% | -0.12% | -0.12% | -0.12% | -0.12% | 0.89% |
For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates reported for Base Year and 2020**, please see the recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start| 8.1 - Recalculations]].
===== Planned improvements =====
Besides a routine revision of the underlying model, no specific improvements are planned.
[(AGEB2022>AGEB, 2022: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/daten-und-fakten/bilanzen-1990-bis-2020/?wpv-jahresbereich-bilanz=2011-2020, (Aufruf: 23.11.2021), Köln & Berlin, 2022)]
[(BAFA2022>BAFA, 2022: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland;
https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2021_12.xlsx;jsessionid=80E1FD32B36918F682608C03FDE79257.1_cid381?__blob=publicationFile&v=5, Eschborn, 2022.)]
[(KNOERR2022b>Knörr et al. (2022b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2022, Heidelberg, 2022.)]
[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)]
[(KNOERR2009> Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)]