====== 2.B.10.a - Other Chemicals ======
===== Short description =====
In sub-category //2.B.10.a - Other Chemicals//, emissions from the production of organic chemicals,sulphuric acid, carbon black, fertilizers and from the chlor-alkali industry are reported. Relevant pollutants are NMVOC, CO, PCDD/F, SOx, NH3, PM2.5, PM10, TSP and Hg.
__Table 1: Overview of emission sources covered__
^ Emission sources ^ Pollutants ^ Method ^ AD ^ EF ^ Key Category ^
| [[#Large Volume Organic chemicals|Large Volume Organic chemicals]] | NMVOC (PCDD/F only for Ethylene Dichloride) | T2 | NS | CS | |
| [[#Carbon Black|Carbon Black]] | CO, SO2, TSP, PM10, PM2.5 | T2 | NS | D, CS | |
| [[#fertilizer_production|Fertilizers]] | TSP, PM10, PM2.5, NH3 | T2 | - | D, CS | |
| [[#Sulphuric acid|Sulphuric acid]] | SO2 | T2 | NS | CS | L |
| [[#Chlor-alkali industry|Chlor-alkali industry]] | Hg | T3 | PS | - | |
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===== Method =====
==== Large volume organic chemicals ====
The annual production volumes for all large volume organic chemicals are extracted from national production statistics by the Federal Statistical Office [(DESTATIS, Fachserie 4, Reihe 3.1, Produzierendes Gewerbe, Produktion im Produzierenden Gewerbe (“manufacturing industry; production in the manufacturing industry”))]
__These chemicals__ comprise:
* Acrylonitrile
* Ethylene
* Ethylbenzene
* Ethylene Dichloride
* Ethylene Oxide
* Formaldehyde (Methanal)
* Methanol
* Phthalic Anhydride
* Propene
* Styrene
* Vinyl Chloride
* Polyethylene (LD/HD)
* Polypropylene
* Polystyrene
* Polyvinyl Chloride
* Styrene Copolymeres
The emission factors for the production of organic chemicals as shown in Tables 2 and 3 are derived from best reference documents for polymers and LVOC mostly for the early years. For later years, plant-specific data on an aggregated level were used.
__Table 2: national NMVOC emission factors for producing organic chemicals, in kg/t__
^ ^ Acrylonitrile ^ Ethylbenzene ^ Ethylene ^ Ethylene Dichloride ^ Ethylene Oxide ^ Formaldehyde (Methanal) ^ Methanol ^ Phthalic Anhydride ^ Propene ^ Styrene ^ Vinyl Chloride ^
^ 1990-1994 | 5 | 0.6 | 5 | C | 5 | 5 | 0.04 | 5 | 2.5 | 0.02 | 0.2 |
^ 1995 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.4 | C | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.02 | 0.2 |
^ 1996 | 0.05 | 0.015 | 0.3 | C | 0.045 | 0.015 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.15 |
^ 1997 | 0.05 | 0.015 | 0.3 | C | 0.045 | 0.015 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.15 |
^ 1998 | 0.04 | 0.012 | 0.25 | C | 0.04 | 0.012 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.12 |
^ 1999 | 0.04 | 0.012 | 0.25 | C | 0.04 | 0.012 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.12 |
^ from 2000 | 0.035 | 0.01 | 0.2 | C | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.1 |
__Table 3: national NMVOC emission factors for producing polymers, in kg/t__
^ ^ Polyethylene (PE) |^ Polypropylen (PP) ^ Polystyrene (PS) ^ Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) ^ Styrene Copolymeres ^
^ | Low density (LD) | High density (HD) | | | | |
^ 1990-1994 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 0.25 | 5 |
^ 1995 | 2.2 | 1 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.25 | 0.6 |
^ 1996 | 1.6 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.4 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
^ 1997 | 1.6 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.4 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
^ 1998 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.4 |
^ 1999 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.4 |
^ from 2000 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.27 | 0.14 | 0.3 |
==== Carbon Black ====
The figures for carbon black production in the new German Länder in 1990 were taken from the Statistical Yearbook (Statistisches Jahrbuch) for the Federal Republic of Germany; the figures for 1991 and 1992 were estimated, due to confidentiality requirements. The other data for carbon-black production as of 1990 were obtained from national production statistics**1)**. \\ \\
From 2005 onwards, Germany uses activity data calculated from the CO2 emissions of the Emission Trading System (ETS), delivered by the German emission trading authority (DEHSt), and the default CO2 emission factor from the IPCC Guidelines 2006 for carbon black production. A comparison of the statistical data and the emission trading data leads to the conclusion, that the statistical data is most probably overestimated.
__Table 4: Emission factors of carbon black in Germany, in kg/t__
^ ^ CO ^ SO2 ^ TSP ^ PM10 ^ PM2.5 ^
^ 1990 | 4.80 | 19.16 | 0.28 | | |
^ 1991 | 4.60 | 19.01 | 0.28 | | |
^ 1992 | 4.40 | 18.50 | 0.27 | | |
^ 1993 | 4.20 | 18.00 | 0.26 | | |
^ 1994 | 4.00 | 17.50 | 0.25 | | |
^ 1995 | 3.75 | 17.00 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
^ 1996 | 3.50 | 16.00 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
^ 1997 | 3.25 | 15.00 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
^ 1998 | 3.00 | 14.00 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
^ 1999 | 2.90 | 13.40 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
^ 2000 | 2.80 | 12.80 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
^ 2001 | 2.70 | 12.54 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
^ 2002 | 2.65 | 12.28 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
^ 2003 | 2.60 | 12.00 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
^ 2004 | 2.55 | 11.70 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
^ 2005 | 2.50 | 11.50 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
^ 2006 | 2.50 | 11.20 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.12 |
^ 2007 | 2.50 | 10.90 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.11 |
^ 2008 | 2.50 | 10.60 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.11 |
^ 2009 | 2.50 | 10.30 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.10 |
^ from 2010 | 2.50 | 10.00 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.10 |
==== Fertilizer production ====
The activity data is also extracted from national production statistics by the Federal Statistical Office**1)** and consists of mono and multicomponent fertilizers.
The emission factors are country specific (Jörß et al. 2006)[(Umweltbundesamt, W: Jörß, V. Handke, Emissionen und Maßnahmenanalyse Feinstaub 2000-2020, 31.12.2006, Annex A, chapter A.2.4.8)] and are presented in the following table.
__Table 5: Emission factors of fertilizers in Germany__
^ ^ PM10 ^ PM2.5 ^ TSP ^
^ 1990 | NA | NA | 1.420376946 |
^ 1991-1994 | NA | NA | 2 |
^ from 1995 | 0.115938 | 0.0781395 | 0.1695 |
==== Urea production ====
The activity data is from the federal statistical office of Germany (GP 2015 31 300). The amount of urea is reported there in t-N.
As the emission factor is in kg/t urea, the reported amount of urea in t-N is multiplied with the molar mass of urea and divided with the molar mass of nitric (60.06/14).
AR of urea (in t) = AR of urea (in t-N) * (molar mass of urea)/ (molar mass of N)
The emission factor is 2.5 kg/t urea, which is a T2 EF from the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019 [(European Environment Agency: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Part B: sectoral guidance chapters, 2.B Chemical industry (Oct 2019): chapter 3.2.2, pp.32, table 3.2.9)].
==== Sulphuric acid ====
The activity data for sulphuric acid production is from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany.
For the SOx EF for sulphuric acid production a survey was made in the year 2019. The producers were directly asked by the association. Based on the data from the producers, new EFs for the years 2017 and 2018 were developed. All emissions were measured by the producers respectively or limit values are specified in the permit decision for the installation. The EF is weighted by the amount of H2SO4 produced. Big producers have more influence on the EF than small producers. The EF is smaller than the Default-EF. This is due to significant process optimizations and technology improvements since 1990.
==== Chlor-alkali industry ====
For the mercury (Hg) losses from the Chlor-alkali industry, Germany used the yearly published data from OSPAR [(ODIMS (OSPAR Data & Information Management System); https://odims.ospar.org/en/search/?dataset=chlor_alkali_data)] on the plant specific production capacity for the AD and the plant specific emissions from the chlor-alkali industry. Because of the BAT (best available technique) conclusion for the Chlor-alkali industry, the production based upon the amalgam process has stopped in 2017. Most production sites switched to membrane technology.
However, emissions of Hg are still ocurring, because two production sites still continue to uses the amalgam process for the production of certain alcoholates; not regulated by the BAT conclusions for Chlor-alkali production. Before 2018 these Hg-emissions were reported together with the Hg-emissions from Chlor-alkali production. But the OSPAR convention does not request the Hg-emissions from alcoholate production to be reported, so CEFIC does no longer report these emissions to OSPAR.
As from 2018 PRTR data is used to determine mercury emissions belonging to the alcoholate production. Due to a delay of the 2019 PRTR data the 2018 emission value is used also in 2019 and 2020.
===== Recalculations =====
For SO2 emissions from sulphuric acid production, and for Hg emissions from chlor-alkali industry, the emissions of the two last years are always actualized. This is because the emissions of the last year are always a prediction, as the final emissions are still not published by the time of reporting.
From Submission 2022 on, the SO2 emissions from titanium dioxide production are no longer confidential and are therefore reallocated back to category 2.B.6. Since then, the SO2 emissions reported here are only from the sulphuric acid production.
Besides, Germany reports since submission 2022 the NH3 and TSP emissions from urea production instead of from nitric fertilizer production based on the Emep/EEA Guidebook method by using statistical data from the federal statistical office .
Otherwise no recalculations of SO2 from the sulphuric acid production, NH3 und TSP from urea production are necessary compared to last year's submission.
For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
===== Planned improvements =====
There are no planned improvements.