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====== 2.B.6 - Titanium Dioxide Production ====== 

===== Short description =====

^ Category Code  ^  Method                                                                           ||||^  AD                                         ||||^  EF                              |||||
| 2.B.6          |  T3                                                                               |||||  C                                          |||||  C                               |||||
^                ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC  ^  CO   ^  Pb  ^  Cd  ^  Hg  ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^
| Key Category:  |  -/-             |  -      |  -/-             |  -               |  -                 |  -                |  -/-  |  -   |  -/-  |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -     |  -    |  -    |
{{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} \\
In //NFR 2.B.6//, SO₂,CO,NOₓ and TSP emissions from the production of titanium dioxide are reported. 

===== Method =====

===Activity Data===

There are two kinds of processes called chloride process and sulfate process for the production of titanium dioxide. The total production amount is attained from the German Federal Statistical Office[(ProStat>Production statistics: Until 1994 GP89 - 4612 50, 1995 until 2008 GP241211500 and GP201211500 from 2009 onwards)].

For the calculation of individual production of each process, the fraction of chloride process is determined based on the estimated total production capacity in Germany (480 kt/y) and the production capacity via chloride process (165 kt/y) [(https://forum-titandioxid.de/2020/03/12/sachlage-zu-titandioxid-und-titandioxidhaltigen-farben-und-lacken/ )][(https://www.kronosww.com/products/about-tio2/)].  

===Emission Factors===

Emission factors for titanium dioxide production are the Tier 2 emission factors from EMEP Guidebook: NO<sub>x</sub>, CO, and TSP are provided for the chloride process, while only factors for NO<sub>x</sub> and TSP are available for the sulfate process. 

The applied Tier 2 emission factors are listed in Table 1 [(European Environment Agency: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Part B: sectoral guidance chapters, 2.B Chemical industry (Oct 2019): pp.25-26, table 3.19 and table 3.20)].

__Table 1: Tier 2 emission factors for titanium dioxide production, in [kg/t]__
^  Pollutant       ^  Name of process  ^  Emission factor  ^
|  CO              |  Chloride         |  159              |
|  NO<sub>x</sub>  |  :::              |  0.1              |
|  TSP             |  :::              |  0.2              |
|  NO<sub>x</sub>  |  Sulfate          |  0.108            |
|  TSP             |  :::              |  0.3              |

===Emissions===

The association of the titanium producers reports the sum of SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from both processes directly to the UBA. These emissions are no longer confidential since submission 2022 und therefore are reallocated from 2.B.10 to this category since then. Besides, CO, NOₓ and TSP emissions are reported since submission 2022.

Except for SO<sub>2</sub>, emissions of the mentioned pollutants are calculated through the multiplication of activity data and corresponding emission factors. 

As the emission factors are constant over the time, the emission trend is influenced only by the development of the production. 


===== Recalculations =====

For SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the production of **titanium dioxide** and **sulphuric acid**, estimates reported for the //second to last year// of the time series are routinely actualised by the producers. Furthermore, definite emissions for the //last year of the time series// are not yet available at the time the inventory is compiled. Here, the reported values represent a prediction and are therefore updated with each new submission as well.

Otherwise, no recalculations have been carried out compared to last year's submission.

<WRAP center round info 60%>
For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
</WRAP>

===== Planned improvements =====

Since the SO<sub>x</sub> emissions for 1990 and 1991 have so far been subject to confidentiality, 1992 emission values were adopted for these two years. 
As this confidentiality does no longer exist, original SO<sub>x</sub> values for 1990 and 1991 will be published with the next annual submission.