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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:public_electricity_and_heat_production [2021/02/22 10:05] – [Short description] gniffke | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:public_electricity_and_heat_production [2023/04/27 07:44] – [Methodology] kludt | ||
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Source category //1.A.1.a - Public Electricity and Heat Production// | Source category //1.A.1.a - Public Electricity and Heat Production// | ||
- | ^ | + | ^ Category Code ^ Method |
- | | T2 | NS | CS | | + | | 1.A.1.a |
- | + | ^ ^ | |
- | + | | Key Category: | |
- | ^ Category Code ^ | + | |
- | ^ 1.A.1.a | + | |
{{page> | {{page> | ||
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===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
- | A method amounting to Tier 2 is used for emission reporting. This means the use of country-specific data at a more detailed level. Emission factors and activity data are available for different fuel types, different technologies, | + | A method amounting to Tier 2 is used for emission reporting. This means the use of country-specific data at a more detailed level. Emission factors and activity data are available for different fuel types, different technologies, |
- | === Activity data === | + | ==== Activity data ==== |
- | == Conventional fuels == | + | |
- | The key source of all conventional fuels is the National Energy Balance (NEB) [(AGEB, | + | === Conventional fuels === |
+ | |||
+ | The key source of all conventional fuels is the National Energy Balance (NEB) [(AGEB2022> | ||
Above-mentioned data provided by the NEB are summarised fuel consumption data. To get technical details which are needed for calculating emissions, additional statistical data are used. | Above-mentioned data provided by the NEB are summarised fuel consumption data. To get technical details which are needed for calculating emissions, additional statistical data are used. | ||
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All the data result in the calculation model " | All the data result in the calculation model " | ||
- | When the calculations for submission | + | When the calculations for submission |
For waste incineration plants, both energy and waste statistics are used to ensure completeness and to avoid double counting. | For waste incineration plants, both energy and waste statistics are used to ensure completeness and to avoid double counting. | ||
- | == Biomass == | + | === Biomass |
The database for the calculation model consists of the National Energy Balance. Line 14 (" | The database for the calculation model consists of the National Energy Balance. Line 14 (" | ||
== Waste == | == Waste == | ||
- | Activity data from waste incineration plants are given by the waste statistics of the Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt, Fachserie 19, Reihe 1 [(DESTATIS, | + | Activity data from waste incineration plants are given by the waste statistics of the Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt, Fachserie 19, Reihe 1 [(DESTATIS, |
Waste quantities are available at a very detailed level for different economic sectors. Municipal and industrial waste were classified in keeping with the Ordinance on the European Waste Catalogue (AVV), with industrial waste including all waste with waste-classification numbers beginning with the numbers 01 through 19. | Waste quantities are available at a very detailed level for different economic sectors. Municipal and industrial waste were classified in keeping with the Ordinance on the European Waste Catalogue (AVV), with industrial waste including all waste with waste-classification numbers beginning with the numbers 01 through 19. | ||
- | === Emission factors === | + | ==== Emission factors ==== |
- | == Large and medium combustion plants == | + | |
+ | === Large and medium combustion plants | ||
The underlying data for the emission factors used is provided by the report on the research project " | The underlying data for the emission factors used is provided by the report on the research project " | ||
The values for the intermediate years 1996-1999 and 2001-2008 are obtained via linear interpolation. | The values for the intermediate years 1996-1999 and 2001-2008 are obtained via linear interpolation. | ||
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In 2018 and 2019 SO< | In 2018 and 2019 SO< | ||
Heavy metal emission factors are mainly the result of a comprehensive study of PRTR data, which provide information about emissions and the quality (measurement/ | Heavy metal emission factors are mainly the result of a comprehensive study of PRTR data, which provide information about emissions and the quality (measurement/ | ||
- | HCB emission factors of hard coal and black carbon emission factors for all fuels are given by the CORINAIR | + | HCB emission factors of hard coal were taken from the EMEP EEA Guidebook 2009. Black carbon emission factors for all fuels are given by the EMEP EEA Guidebook |
Regarding natural gas and light fuel oil SO< | Regarding natural gas and light fuel oil SO< | ||
- | == Engines == | + | === Engines |
Emission factors for gas engines were determined by the project: " | Emission factors for gas engines were determined by the project: " | ||
Emission factors for liquid fuels are given by the project: " | Emission factors for liquid fuels are given by the project: " | ||
- | == Waste incineration plants == | + | === Waste incineration plants |
Data source for emission factors of waste incineration plants is the project: " | Data source for emission factors of waste incineration plants is the project: " | ||
The aim of the study was to determine emission factors for municipal waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, waste wood and sewage sludge incineration. Emission factors for 25 pollutants are available. The different fuel categories are consistent with the waste statistic. The fuel category " | The aim of the study was to determine emission factors for municipal waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, waste wood and sewage sludge incineration. Emission factors for 25 pollutants are available. The different fuel categories are consistent with the waste statistic. The fuel category " | ||
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Furthermore it was necessary to develop a method to calculate emissions from co-incineration systems. In Germany there is a large number of coal fired power plants, which also use a relevant amount of different waste fuels like sewage sludge, industrial waste (for example from paper industry), conditioned municipal waste etc. Since plant-specific data cannot be used, it's necessary to calculate emissions at a more aggregated level. Fuel data are available from ETS. Furthermore the information about the coal qualities is available. Therefore it's possible to calculate specific emission factors for co-incinerated waste fuels. | Furthermore it was necessary to develop a method to calculate emissions from co-incineration systems. In Germany there is a large number of coal fired power plants, which also use a relevant amount of different waste fuels like sewage sludge, industrial waste (for example from paper industry), conditioned municipal waste etc. Since plant-specific data cannot be used, it's necessary to calculate emissions at a more aggregated level. Fuel data are available from ETS. Furthermore the information about the coal qualities is available. Therefore it's possible to calculate specific emission factors for co-incinerated waste fuels. | ||
- | == Table 1: Implied emission factors for public electricity and heat production == | + | __Table |
- | ^ Pollutant | + | | |
- | ^ Fuel | [kg/ | + | | |
- | ^ Hard Coal | 41.1 | | + | ^ Hard Coal | 38.8 |
- | ^ Lignite | + | ^ Lignite |
- | ^ Natural gas | | + | ^ Natural gas | 0.1 |
- | ^ Petroleum products | + | ^ Petroleum products |
- | ^ Biomass (excluding Waste) | + | ^ Biomass (excluding Waste) |
- | ^ Municipal Waste | | + | ^ Municipal Waste | 3.2 |
The table gives an overview of the implied emission factors. In reality, the German inventory compiling process is very complex and includes the use of a considerable number of emission factors, which cannot be published completely in the IIR. There are different emission factors available for diverse fuel types, various techniques and licensing requirements. However, the implied emission factor may give an impression about the order of magnitude. | The table gives an overview of the implied emission factors. In reality, the German inventory compiling process is very complex and includes the use of a considerable number of emission factors, which cannot be published completely in the IIR. There are different emission factors available for diverse fuel types, various techniques and licensing requirements. However, the implied emission factor may give an impression about the order of magnitude. | ||
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The following diagrams give an overview and assistance for explaining dominant emission trends of selected pollutants. | The following diagrams give an overview and assistance for explaining dominant emission trends of selected pollutants. | ||
- | === Fuel Consumption === | + | ==== Fuel Consumption ==== |
- | {{: | + | |
- | {{: | + | {{: |
+ | {{: | ||
The first graph shows that the total energy consumption of fossil fuels for public electricity and heat consumption didn't change very much since 1990. The main reasons are the rising electricity demand and a great number of industrial power plants whose emissions are now reported in source category 1.A.1.a. From 1990 to the present time, a slight fuel switch from coal to natural gas was observed. In 2009 fuel consumption of all fossil fuels decreased remarkably as a result of the economic crisis. The economic recovery in 2010 led to an increasing fuel consumption because of the increasing electricity demand. From 2003 biomass consumption rises considerably due to the government aid of renewable energies. | The first graph shows that the total energy consumption of fossil fuels for public electricity and heat consumption didn't change very much since 1990. The main reasons are the rising electricity demand and a great number of industrial power plants whose emissions are now reported in source category 1.A.1.a. From 1990 to the present time, a slight fuel switch from coal to natural gas was observed. In 2009 fuel consumption of all fossil fuels decreased remarkably as a result of the economic crisis. The economic recovery in 2010 led to an increasing fuel consumption because of the increasing electricity demand. From 2003 biomass consumption rises considerably due to the government aid of renewable energies. | ||
- | === Sulfur Oxides - SOx === | + | ==== Sulfur Oxides - SOx ==== |
- | {{: | + | |
- | {{: | + | {{: |
+ | {{: | ||
- | SO< | + | SO< |
- | === Nitrogen Oxides - NOx === | + | ==== Nitrogen Oxides - NOx ==== |
- | {{: | + | |
Nitrogen oxides emissions decreases due to declining lignite consumption in the early 1990s and due to NO< | Nitrogen oxides emissions decreases due to declining lignite consumption in the early 1990s and due to NO< | ||
- | === Particulate Matter - PM2.5 & PM10 & TSP === | + | {{: |
- | {{: | + | |
- | {{: | + | |
- | {{: | + | |
- | {{: | + | |
- | Similar to SO< | ||
- | === Priority Heavy metal - Pb & Hg & Cd === | + | ==== Particulate Matter |
- | {{: | + | |
- | {{: | + | |
- | {{: | + | Similar to SO< |
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Priority Heavy metal - Hg & Cd ==== | ||
Emission trends of all priority heavy metals are mostly influenced by the emissions from lignite use. The reasons of the declining emissions are on the one hand the decreasing lignite consumption and on the other hand the implementation of stricter regulations in eastern Germany. Due to the fact, that heavy metal emission factors for waste incineration plants are constant, emission trends solely depend on coal consumption. In reality emission trends of all heavy metals would be more influenced by the emissions from waste fuels, since the emission factors for waste incineration plants in 1990 are expected to be high. In recent years emissions from Biomass combustion gain more and more influence on the trend. | Emission trends of all priority heavy metals are mostly influenced by the emissions from lignite use. The reasons of the declining emissions are on the one hand the decreasing lignite consumption and on the other hand the implementation of stricter regulations in eastern Germany. Due to the fact, that heavy metal emission factors for waste incineration plants are constant, emission trends solely depend on coal consumption. In reality emission trends of all heavy metals would be more influenced by the emissions from waste fuels, since the emission factors for waste incineration plants in 1990 are expected to be high. In recent years emissions from Biomass combustion gain more and more influence on the trend. | ||
- | === Persistent Organic Pollutants === | + | {{: |
- | {{: | + | {{: |
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Persistent Organic Pollutants ==== | ||
Main driver of the dioxin emission trend is by far waste incineration with high specific emissions in the early 90s and considerably decreasing emissions due to stricter regulations in Germany. In recent years emissions remain stable at a very low level. | Main driver of the dioxin emission trend is by far waste incineration with high specific emissions in the early 90s and considerably decreasing emissions due to stricter regulations in Germany. In recent years emissions remain stable at a very low level. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | Recalculations were necessary for the latest reference year (2018) | + | Recalculations were necessary for 2020 due to the implementation |
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general: |
</ | </ | ||
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New POPs emission factors are available for waste incineration plants for 2015. Before the implementation of these values, a trend discussion with the experts is necessary. | New POPs emission factors are available for waste incineration plants for 2015. Before the implementation of these values, a trend discussion with the experts is necessary. | ||
The new PCB emission factors cannot be used at the moment since it would destroy the current inventory structure. Key source analyses wouldn' | The new PCB emission factors cannot be used at the moment since it would destroy the current inventory structure. Key source analyses wouldn' | ||
+ | |||
+ |