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sector:ippu:bulk_products:handling_of_bulk_products:start [2021/04/14 07:23] – [Table] kotzulla | sector:ippu:bulk_products:handling_of_bulk_products:start [2022/12/20 13:01] – [Recalculations] kotzulla | ||
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Official statistics are of limited use in determining handling of bulk products. There are only transport statistics available providing the amounts of several transported materials. | Official statistics are of limited use in determining handling of bulk products. There are only transport statistics available providing the amounts of several transported materials. | ||
- | During a research project carried out by (Müller-BBM) [((bibcite 1))], activity data was derived from primary statistical data from the Federal Statistical Office for Germany (Satistisches Bundesamt, Destatis) and the Federal Motor Transport Authority (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, | + | During a research project carried out by (Müller-BBM) [(MUELLERBBM2011)], activity data was derived from primary statistical data from the Federal Statistical Office for Germany (Satistisches Bundesamt, Destatis) and the Federal Motor Transport Authority (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, |
- | Here, for all years until 2009, the collection of data for transported goods followed the official **NST/R** (1968) **nomenclature and regulation** (Eurostat, | + | Here, for all years until 2009, the collection of data for transported goods followed the official **NST/R** (1968) **nomenclature and regulation** (Eurostat, |
- | As of 2010, statistical data following the newly implemented **NST-2007** [((bibcite 3))], [((bibcite 4))] **nomenclature and regulation** from Destatis and KBA is applied instead. | + | As of 2010, statistical data following the newly implemented **NST-2007** [(EUROSTAT2015b)], [(DESTATIS2013)] **nomenclature and regulation** from Destatis and KBA is applied instead. |
__Table 1: Overview of primary activity data sources over time__ | __Table 1: Overview of primary activity data sources over time__ | ||
- | ||= **1990-1996** || simplified estimates without differentiation of handled materials || | + | ^ |
- | ||= **1997-2009** || statistical data following NST/R nomenclature || | + | ^ |
- | ||= **as of 2010** || statistical data following NST-2007 nomenclature || | + | ^ |
Here, NST/R allowed the distribution of a broad variety of goods and materials (e.g. barley, corn, oats, rice, rye, and wheat), whereas NST-2007 provides only a very condensed list of classes of goods (e.g. ' | Here, NST/R allowed the distribution of a broad variety of goods and materials (e.g. barley, corn, oats, rice, rye, and wheat), whereas NST-2007 provides only a very condensed list of classes of goods (e.g. ' | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | __Table 2: Amounts of dry, dusty bulk goods handled in Germany 2010-2019, in tonnes__ | + | __Table 2: Amounts of dry, dusty bulk goods handled in Germany 2010-2021, in tonnes__ |
- | ^ Product / Good / Material | + | | ^ |
- | ^ other herbal products | + | ^ other herbal products |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | railways |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ^ raw mineral chemicals | + | ^ raw mineral chemicals |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | railways |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ raw organic chemicals | + | ^ raw organic chemicals |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | railways |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ^ iron ore | inland vessel | + | ^ iron ore |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | railways |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ crops | + | ^ crops | inland vessel |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | railways |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ^ potatoes | + | ^ potatoes |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ^ coal products | + | ^ coal products |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | railways |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ | + | ^ products |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ mineral fertilisers | + | ^ mineral fertilisers |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | railways |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ natural sands, gravel | + | ^ natural sands, gravel |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | railways |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ^ non-iron ores | + | ^ non-iron ores | inland vessel |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | railways |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ^ raw coals | + | ^ raw coals | inland vessel |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | railways |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ^ secondary raw materials | + | ^ secondary raw materials |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | railways |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ^ rock & saline salt | inland vessel | + | ^ rock & saline salt |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | railways |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | sea-going vessel |
- | ^ | + | ^ nitrogen |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | railways |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ white cement, lime, cement | + | ^ white cement, lime, cement |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ sugar beet | inland vessel | + | ^ sugar beet |
- | ^ | | + | | ::: |
- | ^ | + | | ::: | heavy-duty vehicle |
- | | < | + | | ::: |
sources: annual data deliveries DESTATIS & KBA (for heavy-duty vehicles) to the inventory compiler | sources: annual data deliveries DESTATIS & KBA (for heavy-duty vehicles) to the inventory compiler | ||
=== Emission factors === | === Emission factors === | ||
- | Emission factors are based on the methodology according VDI guidelines 3790. The values used here originate from a research project by (Müller-BBM, | + | Emission factors are based on the methodology according VDI guidelines 3790. The values used here originate from a research project by (Müller-BBM, |
Within the study, PM emission factors are estimated for each material or good that might be transported as dry and unpacked bulk. These very specific EF are than assigned to the classes of materials/ | Within the study, PM emission factors are estimated for each material or good that might be transported as dry and unpacked bulk. These very specific EF are than assigned to the classes of materials/ | ||
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As NST/R provided a wide variaty of goods and materials, whereas NST-2007 provides only a very condensed list of classes of goods, the very specific EF derived during the study and the joint expert workshop have been aggregated in order to match the classes of goods following NST-2007. | As NST/R provided a wide variaty of goods and materials, whereas NST-2007 provides only a very condensed list of classes of goods, the very specific EF derived during the study and the joint expert workshop have been aggregated in order to match the classes of goods following NST-2007. | ||
- | __Table 2: specific EF for PM emissions from NST/R crop products, in [kg/t], as used for 2009 estimates__ | + | __Table 2: specific EF for PM emissions from NST/R crop products, in [kg/t], as used for 2021 estimates__ |
- | ||= **vehicle type** ||= **TSP** ||= **PM,, | + | |
- | ||||||||= **for barley** || | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||||||||= **for oats** || | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||||||||= **for corn** || | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||||||||= **for rice** || | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||||||||= **for rye** || | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||||||||= **for wheat** || | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | ||< | + | |
- | Here, in order to match the new NST-2007 classes for goods and materials, the very specific emission factors used in fomer submissions were converted to aggregated implied emission factors. | + | | ^ TSP |
+ | ^ Other herbal products | ||
+ | ^ Chemische Grundstoffe. mineralisch | ||
+ | ^ Raw organic chemicals | ||
+ | ^ Iron ore | ||
+ | ^ Crops | 0.045000 | ||
+ | ^ Potatoes | ||
+ | ^ Coal products | ||
+ | ^ Products from grinding | ||
+ | ^ Mineral fertilisers | ||
+ | ^ Natural sands. gravel. and stones | ||
+ | ^ Non-iron ores | 0.066000 | ||
+ | ^ Raw coals | 0.016000 | ||
+ | ^ Secondary raw materials | ||
+ | ^ Rock & saline salt | ||
+ | ^ Nitrogen fertilisers | ||
+ | ^ White cement. lime. cement | ||
+ | ^ Sugar beet | ||
- | __Table 3: IEFs used for emission estimates as of 2010, in [kg/t]__ | ||
- | ||= **Product / Good / Material** ||||||= **Heavy-duty vehicles** ||||||= **Railways** ||||||= **Inland vessels** ||||||= **Sea-going vessels** ||= | ||
- | ||= ||= TSP ||= PM,, | ||
- | ||~ Other herbal products ||> | ||
- | ||~ Chemische Grundstoffe. mineralisch ||> | ||
- | ||~ Raw organic chemicals ||> | ||
- | ||~ Iron ore ||> | ||
- | ||~ Crops ||> | ||
- | ||~ Potatoes ||> | ||
- | ||~ Coal products ||> | ||
- | ||~ Products from grinding and shelling mills ||> | ||
- | ||~ Mineral fertilisers ||> | ||
- | ||~ Natural sands. gravel. and stones ||> | ||
- | ||~ Non-iron ores ||> | ||
- | ||~ Raw coals ||> | ||
- | ||~ Secondary raw materials ||> | ||
- | ||~ Rock & saline salt ||> | ||
- | ||~ Nitrogen fertilisers ||> | ||
- | ||~ White cement. lime. cement ||> | ||
- | ||~ Sugar beet ||> | ||
- | +++ Ratio TSP : PM,,10,, : PM,,2.5,, | + | ** Ratio TSP : PM<sub>10</ |
- | The shares of PM,,10,, and PM,,2.5,, of the entire amounts of emitted TSP have been set to fixed values used for the entire time series. | + | The shares of PM<sub>10</ |
Assumptions: | Assumptions: | ||
- | * TSP = 100%, | + | - TSP = 100%, |
- | * 50% of TSP are =< 10 µm. Therefore, the EF(PM,,10,,) are assumed as 1/2 of the corresponding EF(TSP), and | + | |
- | * 10% of TSP are =< 2.5 µm. Therefore, the EF(PM,,2.5,,) are assumed as 1/10 of the corresponding EF(TSP). | + | |
- | [[image PM-ratios.PNG]] | + | The ratios of TSP, PM<sub>10</ |
- | + | ||
- | The ratios of TSP, PM,,10,,, and PM,,2.5,, were also discussed in the research project mentioned above, but without generating any new data. Nonetheless, | + | |
+ | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | ===== Discussion of emission | + | With **activity data and emission |
- | > **NFR 2.L(a)** is key category for **PM,, | ||
- | |||
- | In general, diffuse particulate matter emissions depend strongly on the amounts of dry bulk goods handled and transported. In addition, due to efforts to prevent such particle emissions, the time series of the emission factors applied for all three fractions of particulate matter show a falling trend. | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | |||
- | With both **activity data** and **emission factors** remaining unrevised, no recalculations have been carried out. | ||
===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
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Although no specific improvement is planned, additional effort will be necessary to further minimise the inconsistencies in the activity data time series resulting from the different approaches applied. | Although no specific improvement is planned, additional effort will be necessary to further minimise the inconsistencies in the activity data time series resulting from the different approaches applied. | ||
- | ------ | ||
- | [[bibliography]] | + | |
- | : 1 : Müller-BBM, | + | [(MUELLERBBM2011> |
- | : 2 : Eurostat, 2015a: Standard Goods Classification for Transport Statistics/ | + | [(EUROSTAT2015a> |
- | : 3 : Eurostat, 2015b: Standard | + | [(EUROSTAT2015b> |
- | : 4 : Destatis, 2013: Statistisches Bundesamt, Verkehr, NST-2007: Einheitliches Güterverzeichnis für die Verkehrsstatistik – 2007 - URL: https:// | + | [(DESTATIS2013> |
- | [[/ | + |