====== 1.A.4.c ii (a) - Off-road Vehicles and other Machinery: Agriculture ======
===== Short description =====
Under sub-category //1.A.4.c ii (a)// fuel combustion activities and resulting emissions from agricultural off-road vehicles and mobile machinery are reported.
^ NFR-Code ^ Source category ^ Method ^ AD ^ EF ^ Key Category Analysis ^
| 1.A.4.c ii (a) | Off-road Vehicles and Other Machinery: Agriculture | T1, T2 | NS, M | CS, D, M | [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:agriculture_and_forestry| see superordinate chapter ]] |
{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:traktor.png?nolink&300}}
======Methodology=====
====Activity data====
Subsector-specific consumption data is included in the primary fuel-delivery data are available from NEB line 67: 'Commercial, trade, services and other consumers' (AGEB, 2023) [(AGEB2023)].
__Table 1: Sources for primary fuel-delivery data__
|| through 1994 || **AGEB** - National Energy Balance, line 79: 'Haushalte und Kleinverbraucher insgesamt' ||
|| as of 1995 || **AGEB** - National Energy Balance, line 67: 'Gewerbe, Handel, Dienstleistungen u. übrige Verbraucher' ||
Following the deduction of energy inputs for military vehicles as provided in (BAFA, 2023) [(BAFA2023)], the remaining amounts of gasoline and diesel oil are apportioned onto off-road construction vehicles (NFR 1.A.2.g vii) and off-road vehicles in commercial/institutional use (1.A.4. ii) as well as agriculture and forestry (NFR 1.A.4.c ii) based upon annual shares derived from TREMOD-MM (Knörr et al. (2023b) [(KNOERR2023b)] (cf. NFR 1.A.4 - mobile).
__Table 2: Annual contribution of agricultural vehicles and mobile machinery to the primary diesel1 fuels delivery data provided in NEB line 67__
^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^
| 61.5% | 76.4% | 78.5% | 79.6% | 71.9% | 66.2% | 65.2% | 64.7% | 66.9% | 65.5% | 65.1% | 65.3% | 68.8% |
1 no gasoline used in agricultural vehicles and mobile machinery
__Table 3: Annual mobile fuel consumption in agriculture, in terajoules__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^
^ Diesel Oil | 68,861 | 74,708 | 74,621 | 65,319 | 63,767 | 68,369 | 68,591 | 68,895 | 69,056 | 69,331 | 67,951 | 69,386 | 70,538 |
^ Biodiesel | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4,344 | 4,988 | 3,798 | 3,718 | 3,756 | 3,896 | 3,933 | 5,558 | 4,866 | 4,902 |
| **Ʃ 1.A.4.c ii (i)** ^ 68,861 ^ 74,708 ^ 74,621 ^ 69,662 ^ 68,754 ^ 72,167 ^ 72,309 ^ 72,651 ^ 72,952 ^ 73,264 ^ 73,509 ^ 74,252 ^ 75,439 ^
==== Emission factors ====
The emission factors applied here are of rather different quality:
For all **main pollutants**, **carbon monoxide** and **particulate matter**, annual IEF modelled within TREMOD MM are used, representing the sector's vehicle-fleet composition, the development of mitigation technologies and the effect of fuel-quality legislation.
__Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors1, in kg/TJ__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^
^ NH3 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 |
^ NMVOC | 237 | 215 | 191 | 155 | 118 | 91.0 | 85.9 | 81.0 | 76.3 | 71.8 | 67.4 | 62.7 | 58.4 |
^ NOx | 891 | 897 | 924 | 836 | 685 | 560 | 539 | 519 | 499 | 481 | 462 | 442 | 422 |
^ SOx | 79.6 | 60.5 | 14.0 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 |
^ PM2 | 119 | 104 | 88.9 | 71.7 | 55.6 | 43.9 | 41.5 | 39.2 | 37.0 | 35.0 | 32.9 | 30.7 | 28.8 |
^ BC3 | 218 | 192 | 163 | 128 | 94.3 | 70.2 | 65.9 | 61.8 | 58.0 | 54.4 | 51.0 | 47.4 | 44.4 |
^ CO | 832 | 792 | 738 | 643 | 535 | 447 | 427 | 407 | 386 | 366 | 346 | 324 | 303 |
1 due to lack of better information: similar EF are applied for fossil and biofuels \\
2 EF(PM2.5) also applied for PM10 and TSP (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM2.5)\\
3 estimated via a f-BCs as provided in [(EMEPEEA2023)], Chapter 1.A.2.g vii, 1.A.4.a ii, b ii, c ii, 1.A.5.b i - Non-road, note to Table 3-1: Tier 1 emission factors for off-road machinery \\
> **NOTE:** With respect to the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, condensables are most likely included at least partly. During test-bench measurements, temperatures are likely to be significantly higher than under real-world conditions, thus reducing condensation. On the contrary, smaller dillution (higher number of primary particles acting as condensation germs) together with higher pressures increase the likeliness of condensation. So over-all condensables are very likely to occur but different to real-world conditions.
> For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.
===== Recalculations =====
Revisions in **activity data** result from slightly revised annual shares adapted EBZ 67 shares as well as the implementation of primary activity data from the now finalised NEB 2020.
__Table 5: Revised annual shares of NEB line 67, in %__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^
^ current submission | 0.615 | 0.764 | 0.785 | 0.796 | 0.719 | 0.662 | 0.652 | 0.647 | 0.669 | 0.655 | 0.651 | 0.653 |
^ previous submission | 0.475 | 0.456 | 0.438 | 0.462 | 0.474 | 0.482 | 0.484 | 0.485 | 0.484 | 0.484 | 0.482 | 0.486 |
^ absolute change | 0.140 | 0.308 | 0.347 | 0.334 | 0.244 | 0.180 | 0.168 | 0.162 | 0.186 | 0.172 | 0.169 | 0.167 |
^ relative change | 29.5% | 67.7% | 79.2% | 72.4% | 51.6% | 37.2% | 34.7% | 33.5% | 38.4% | 35.5% | 35.0% | 34.4% |
__Table 6: Revised activity data, in terajoules__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^
^ current submission | 68,861 | 74,708 | 74,621 | 69,662 | 68,754 | 72,167 | 72,309 | 72,651 | 72,952 | 73,264 | 73,509 | 74,252 |
^ previous submission | 53,188 | 44,553 | 41,633 | 40,315 | 45,191 | 51,520 | 53,670 | 55,302 | 51,795 | 52,448 | 55,129 | 55,205 |
^ absolute change | 15,674 | 30,154 | 32,988 | 29,348 | 23,563 | 20,647 | 18,639 | 17,349 | 21,157 | 20,816 | 18,380 | 19,047 |
^ relative change | 29.5% | 67.7% | 79.2% | 72.8% | 52.1% | 40.1% | 34.7% | 31.4% | 40.8% | 39.7% | 33.3% | 34.5% |
For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates reported for Base Year and 2021**, please see the recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start| 8.1 - Recalculations]].
===== Planned improvements =====
Besides a routine revision of the underlying model, no specific improvements are planned.
[(AGEB2023>AGEB, 2023: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/daten-und-fakten/bilanzen-1990-bis-2030/?wpv-jahresbereich-bilanz=2021-2030, (Aufruf: 12.12.2023), Köln & Berlin, 2023)]
[(BAFA2023>BAFA, 2023: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland;
https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2022_12.xlsx?__blob=publicationFile&v=4, Eschborn, 2023.)]
[(KNOERR2023b>Knörr et al. (2023b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2023, Heidelberg, 2023.)]
[(EMEPEEA2023>EMEP/EEA, 2023: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2023, https://www.eea.europa.eu//publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023, Copenhagen, 2023.)]