====== 1.A.4.c iii - Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing: National Fishing ======
===== Short description =====
In NFR sub-category //1.A.4.c iii// fuel consumption and emissions of Germany's maritime fishing fleet are reported.
^ Category Code ^ Method ^ AD ^ EF ^
| 1.A.4.c iii | T1, T2 | NS, M | D, M, CS, T1, T2 |
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^ NOx ^ NMVOC ^ SO2 ^ NH3 ^ PM2.5 ^ PM10 ^ TSP ^ BC ^ CO ^ Pb ^ Cd ^ Hg ^ As ^ Cr ^ Cu ^ Ni ^ Se ^ Zn ^ PCDD/F ^ B(a)P ^ B(b)F ^ B(k)F ^ I(x)P ^ PAH1-4 ^ HCB ^ PCBs ^
| -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- |
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===== Methodology =====
====Activity Data ====
Primary fuel delivery data for national fishing is included in NEB lines 6 ('International Deep-Sea Bunkers') and 64 ('Coastal and Inland Navigation') for IMO-registered and unregistered ships respectively. (AGEB, 2023) [(AGEB2023)]
The actual annual amounts used are therefore calculated within (Deichnik (2023)), where ship movement data (AIS signal) allows for a bottom-up approach providing the needed differentiation.[(DEICHNIK2023)]
__Table 1: Annual fuel consumption, in terajoules__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^
^ Diesel oil | 305 | 240 | 238 | 226 | 227 | 284 | 298 | 293 | 267 | NO | NO | NO | NO |
^ Light fuel oil | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | 88.9 | 322 | 359 | 265 | 221 |
^ Heavy fuel oil | 33.3 | 26.0 | 26.0 | 24.4 | 24.5 | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO | NO |
| **Ʃ 1.A.4.c iii** ^ 338 ^ 266 ^ 264 ^ 250 ^ 251 ^ 284 ^ 298 ^ 293 ^ 356 ^ 322 ^ 359 ^ 265 ^ 221 ^
The strong increase after 2015 cannot be conclusively explained at the moment. However, even if the over-all fuel quantities delivered to the navigation sector would be somehow misallocated between the specific nautical acitivities, there would be no over- or under-estimation of over-all emissions.
==== Emission factors ====
The emission factors applied here, are derived from different sources and therefore are of very different quality.
For the main pollutants, country-specific implied values are used, that are based on tier3 EF included in the BSH model [(DEICHNIK2023)] which mainly relate on values from the EMEP/EEA guidebook 2019 [(EMEPEEA2019)]. These modelled IEFs take into account the ship specific information derived from AIS data as well as the mix of fuel-qualities applied depending on the type of ship and the current state of activity.
__Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^
| **DIESEL OIL & LIGHT FUEL OIL**1 ||||||||||||||
^ NH3 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
^ NMVOC | 50.2 | 50.2 | 50.2 | 50.2 | 50.2 | 45.6 | 45.2 | 46.4 | 46.3 | 46.3 | 46.6 | 45.5 | 46.2 |
^ NOx | 1,139 | 1,139 | 1,139 | 1,139 | 1,139 | 1,172 | 1,174 | 1,164 | 1,172 | 1,170 | 1,171 | 1,181 | 1,175 |
^ SOx | 466 | 419 | 233 | 186 | 69.8 | 37.2 | 37.2 | 37.2 | 37.2 | 37.2 | 37.2 | 37.2 | 37.2 |
^ BC 2 | 83.7 | 75.3 | 41.8 | 33.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.7 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 12.0 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 11.7 |
^ PM 2.5 | 270 | 243 | 135 | 108 | 40.5 | 40.4 | 41.1 | 40.0 | 39.4 | 38.8 | 37.5 | 37.2 | 37.6 |
^ PM 10 | 289 | 260 | 144 | 115 | 43.3 | 43.2 | 43.9 | 42.8 | 42.1 | 41.5 | 40.1 | 39.8 | 40.2 |
^ TSP | 289 | 260 | 144 | 115 | 43.3 | 43.2 | 43.9 | 42.8 | 42.1 | 41.5 | 40.1 | 39.8 | 40.2 |
^ CO | 102 | 102 | 102 | 102 | 102 | 110 | 112 | 109 | 107 | 106 | 103 | 103 | 103 |
| **HEAVY FUEL OIL** ||||||||||||||
^ NH3 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | NA ||||||||
^ NMVOC | 36.4 | 36.4 | 36.4 | 36.4 | 36.4 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |
^ NOx | 1,258 | 1,258 | 1,258 | 1,258 | 1,258 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |
^ SOx | 1,319 | 1,332 | 1,323 | 1,336 | 496 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |
^ BC 22 | 64.9 | 65.5 | 65.1 | 65.7 | 24.4 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |
^ PM 2.53 | 541 | 546 | 542 | 548 | 203 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |
^ PM 10 | 595 | 601 | 597 | 602 | 224 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |
^ TSP | 595 | 601 | 597 | 602 | 224 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |
^ CO | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |
1 similar EF applied to diesel oil and light fuel oil\\
2 estimated from f-BCs as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)]: f-BC (HFO) = 0.12, f-BC (MDO/MGO) = 0.31, chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii, Navigation, Table 3-2 and Table A1 - BC fractions of PM emissions from relevant studies \\
3 ratios PM2.5 : PM10 : TSP derived from the tier1 default EF as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)]
> **NOTE:** For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.
> For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.
===== Trend discussion for Key Sources =====
> **NFR 1.A.4.c iii - National Fishing** is **no key source**.
===== Recalculations =====
With **activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised**, no recalculations were carried out compared to the previous submission.
===== Uncertainties =====
Uncertainty estimates for **emission factors** were adopted from NFR 1.A.3.d i as a comparable emission source.
=====Planned improvements =====
Besides a routine revision of the underlying BSH model, further focus will be put on the correct allocation of actvity data to the different navigation activities covered in different NFR sub-sectors.
With respect to the strong increase in activity data from 2015 to 2016: This issue is under discussion with the BSH Hamburg as the agency in charge of the underlying model. However, these activity data are based on ship movement data showing a correspondingly increasing trend. Nonetheless, the model is under steady revision and erroneous calculations and results will be corrected whenever they are determined.
[(AGEB2023>AGEB, 2023: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland;
https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/daten-und-fakten/bilanzen-1990-bis-2030/?wpv-jahresbereich-bilanz=2021-2030, (Aufruf: 12.12.2023), Köln & Berlin, 2023)]
[(BAFA2023>BAFA, 2023: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik
Deutschland; https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2022_12.xlsx?__blob=publicationFile&v=4, Eschborn, 2023.)]
[(DEICHNIK2023> Deichnik (2023): Aktualisierung und Revision des Modells zur Berechnung der spezifischen Verbräuche und Emissionen des von Deutschland ausgehenden Seeverkehrs. from Bundesamts für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH); Hamburg, 2023.)]
[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019; Chapter 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii Navigation; URL: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-d-navigation )]
[(RENTZ2008> Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )]