{{ :sector:ippu:tio2.png?nolink&300}}

====== 2.B.6 - Titanium Dioxide Production ====== 

===== Short description =====

In //NFR 2.B.6//, SO<sub>2</sub>,CO, NO<sub>x</sub> and TSP emissions from the production of titanium dioxide are reported. 

^  Category Code                          ^  Method  ^  AD  ^  EF  ^
|  2.B.6                                |  T3      |  C  |  C   |
|  {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}                        ||||

----

^  NO<sub>x</sub>                         |  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  |  NH<sub>3</sub>  |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^ TSP   |  BC  ^  CO   |  Heavy Metals  |  POPs  |
^  -/-                                    |  NA     ^  -/-             |  NA              |  NA                |  NA               ^  -/-  |  NA  ^  -/-  |  NA            |  NA    |
|  {{page>general:Misc:LegendKCA:start}}                                                                                                                                  |||||||||||


===== Method =====

===Activity Data===

There are two kinds of processes called chloride process and sulfate process for the production of titanium dioxide. The total production amount of these two processes is attained from the German Federal Statistical Office[(ProStat>Production statistics: Until 1994 GP89 - 4612 50, 1995 until 2008 GP241211500 and GP201211500 from 2009 onwards)].

For the calculation of individual production from each process, the fraction of chloride process is determined based on the estimated total production capacity in Germany (480 kt/y) and the production capacity via chloride process (165 kt/y) [(https://forum-titandioxid.de/2020/03/12/sachlage-zu-titandioxid-und-titandioxidhaltigen-farben-und-lacken/ )][(https://www.kronosww.com/products/about-tio2/)].  

===Emission Factors===

Emission factors for titanium dioxide production are the Tier 2 emission factors from EMEP Guidebook: NO<sub>x</sub>, CO, and TSP are provided for the chloride process, while only factors for NO<sub>x</sub> and TSP are available for the sulfate process. 

The applied Tier 2 emission factors are listed in Table 1 [(European Environment Agency: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Part B: sectoral guidance chapters, 2.B Chemical industry (Oct 2019): pp.25-26, table 3.19 and table 3.20)].

__Table 1: Tier 2 emission factors for titanium dioxide production, in [kg/t]__
^  Pollutant       ^  Name of process  ^  Emission factor  ^
|  CO              |  Chloride         |  159              |
|  NO<sub>x</sub>  |  :::              |  0.1              |
|  TSP             |  :::              |  0.2              |
|  NO<sub>x</sub>  |  Sulfate          |  0.108            |
|  TSP             |  :::              |  0.3              |

===Emissions===

The association of the titanium producers reports the sum of SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from both processes directly to the UBA. Since submission 2022, these emissions are no longer confidential and were therefore re-allocated from 2.B.10. Besides, CO, NOₓ and TSP emissions are reported since submission 2022.

Except for SO<sub>2</sub>, emissions of the mentioned pollutants are calculated through the multiplication of activity data and corresponding emission factors. 

As the emission factors are constant over time, the emission trend is influenced only by the development of the production. 


===== Recalculations =====

For SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the production of **titanium dioxide** and **sulphuric acid**, estimates reported for the //second to last year// of the time series are routinely actualised by the producers. Furthermore, final emissions for the //last year of the time series// are not yet available at the time the inventory is compiled. Therefore, the values reported here represent a prediction and are updated with each new submission as well.

Besides, according to last year's plan for improvement; the origianl SO<sub>x</sub> emissions for 1990 and 1991 have been published in this submission since they are no longer subject to confidentiality.

Otherwise, no other recalculations have been carried out compared to last year's submission.

__Table 2: SO<sub>x</sub> Emission in 1990 and 1991, in [kt]__
^  Year  ^ Submission 2023^ Submission 2024 ^
|  1990  | 1,73 | 2,58 |
|  1991  | 1,73 | 2,35 |


<WRAP center round info 65%>
For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2021**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
</WRAP>

===== Planned improvements =====

No category-specific improvements are planned.