1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise

1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise

Short description

Category Code

Method

1.A.3.a ii (ii)

T1, T2, T3

NS, M

CS, D, M

Click to view Legend

Click to hide Legend

Method(s) applied
D	Default
T1	Tier 1 / Simple Methodology *
T2	Tier 2*
T3	Tier 3 / Detailed Methodology *
C	CORINAIR
CS	Country Specific
M	Model
* as described in the EMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook - 2019, in category chapters.
(source for) Activity Data
NS	National Statistics
RS	Regional Statistics
IS	International Statistics
PS	Plant Specific
As	Associations, business organisations
Q	specific Questionnaires (or surveys)
M	Model / Modelled
C	Confidential
(source for) Emission Factors
D	Default (EMEP Guidebook)
CS	Country Specific
PS	Plant Specific
M	Model / Modelled
C	Confidential

NO_x

NMVOC

SO₂

NH₃

PM_2.5

PM₁₀

TSP

Heavy Metals

PCDD/F

B(a)P

B(b)F

B(k)F

I(x)P

PAH1-4

HCB

PCBs

-/-

Click to view Legend

Click to hide Legend

L/-	key source by Level only
-/T	key source by Trend only
L/T	key source by both Level and Trend
-/-	no key source for this pollutant
IE	emission of specific pollutant Included Elsewhere (i.e. in another category)
NE	emission of specific pollutant Not Estimated (yet)
NA	specific pollutant not emitted from this source or activity = Not Applicable
*	no analysis done

In NFR category 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise emissions from domestic flights between German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported.

In the following, information on sub-category specific activity data, (implied) emission factors and emission estimates are provided.

Methodology

Actitvity Data

Specific fuel consumption during cruise-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the superordinate chapter.

Table 1: annual jet kerosene & avgas consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules

	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Kerosene	20,637	21,207	23,646	21,929	21,892	19,993	20,010	19,366	19,259	19,956	8,952	6,401	9,481
Avgas	1,833	858	843	523	427	429	356	353	337	275	182	115	127

source: Knörr et al. (2023c) ¹⁾ & Gores (2023) ²⁾

Here, with international flights coming close to pre-panemic levels again, fuel consumption of domestic flights shows a rather slow “recovery”, reaching only about 50% of its pre-pandemic level in 2022:

Emission factors

All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 ³⁾ and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV ⁴⁾.

For more information, please see the superordinate chapter on civil aviation.

Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ

	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
JET KEROSENE
NH₃	3.98	3.95	3.95	3.97	3.97	3.97	3.97	3.97	3.97	3.97	3.97	3.97	3.97
NMVOC	16.0	17.6	18.6	20.1	21.1	23.7	19.0	19.7	20.5	23.7	36.3	35.8	28.2
NO_x	330	367	340	334	368	379	391	392	388	390	357	358	375
SO_x	19.7	19.5	19.5	19.6	19.6	19.6	19.6	19.6	19.6	19.6	19.6	19.6	19.6
BC	1.87	2.15	2.03	2.21	2.01	2.01	1.93	1.96	2.00	1.73	1.79	1.86	1.82
PM	3.89	4.49	4.23	4.60	4.19	4.18	4.02	4.08	4.16	3.61	3.74	3.88	3.79
CO	150	152	194	205	198	217	157	155	158	170	272	310	237
AVGAS
NH₃	NE
NMVOC	594	593	594	593	592	594	592	591	591	589	588	587	582
NO_x	150	149	149	150	149	150	149	149	149	147	147	147	146
SO_x	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46
BC	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42
PM_2.5, PM₁₀	2.77	2.78	2.78	2.77	2.78	2.77	2.77	2.77	2.78	2.78	2.78	2.78	2.78
TSP	17.9	17.9	17.9	17.9	17.9	17.9	17.9	17.9	17.9	17.9	17.9	17.9	17.9
CO	20,142	20,216	20,229	20,160	20,305	20,208	20,265	20,286	20,319	20,478	20,495	20,526	20,701

¹ EF(TSP) also applied for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM_2.5)
² estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in ⁵⁾, Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: “Conclusion”.

For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.

For information on the emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.

Trend discussion for Key Sources

NFR 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation - Cruise is not included in the national emission totals and hence not included in the key category analysis.

Recalculations

Primary activity data have been revised within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information from the revised National Energy Balances 2003 to 2021. Furthermore, the shares of kerosene consumed for domestic and international flights have been corrected for all years within the TREMOD Aviation model (see super-ordinate chapter).

Table 3: Revised annual fuel consumption in 1.A.3.a ii (ii), in terajoules

	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
JET KEROSENE
current submission	20,637	21,207	23,646	21,929	21,892	19,993	20,010	19,366	19,259	19,956	8,952	6,401
previous submission	20,263	20,927	23,058	21,646	21,682	19,826	19,831	19,163	19,300	20,451	9,441	6,536
absolute change	375	280	588	283	210	167	179	203	-41	-496	-489	-135
relative change	1.85%	1.34%	2.55%	1.31%	0.97%	0.84%	0.90%	1.06%	-0.21%	-2.42%	-5.18%	-2.07%
AVGAS
current submission	1,833	858	843	523	427	429	356	353	337	275	182	115
previous submission	1,681	805	779	472	383	393	322	320	310	256	170	114
absolute change	152	52.8	64.0	50.7	44.5	36.1	34.6	33.1	27.2	19.0	12.0	1.61
relative change	9.04%	6.56%	8.21%	10.72%	11.64%	9.18%	10.75%	10.35%	8.77%	7.40%	7.04%	1.41%

For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2021, please see the recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations.

Uncertainties

For information on uncertainties, please see the main chapter on civil aviation.

Planned improvements

For information on planned improvements, please see main chapter on civil aviation.

¹⁾ Knörr et al. (2023c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2023.

²⁾ Gores (2023): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2022, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2023.

³⁾ Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012.

⁵⁾ EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-a-aviation/view; Copenhagen, 2019.

Table of Contents