====== Explanation of Key Trends - Fine Particulate Matter (PM₁₀) ======

===== Main drivers =====


Between 1995 and 2023, **total PM<sub>10</sub> emissions dropped by 46%**. 

The Main Drivers for PM<sub>10</sub> emissions are **Fuel Combustion (NFR 1.A)** with 48% of total 1995 emissions and a 63% reduction between 1995 and 2023 and as a sum the **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)** (and especially **Handling of Bulk Products NFR 2.L** therein) with 38% of total 1995 emissions and a 37% reduction.

Within NFR 1.A, **Transport (NFR 1.A.3)** produces the biggest part of PM<sub>10</sub> emissions. Here, about three quarters of the 2023 Transport PM<sub>10</sub> emissions are produced by **Road Transport (NFR 1.A.3.b)**, half of which is directly caused by **fuel combustion (NFR 1.A.3.b.i - iv)** and the other half by **road abrasion and tyre and brake wear (NFR 1.A.3.b.vi - vii)**.

__Table: PM<sub>10</sub> Emissions 1990-2023, in kilotonnes [kt]__

^                                                                                                                                       ||||||||||||||||^  Trend: latest compared to                   ||
^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^ 2022  ^  2023  ^  1995                       ^  previous year  ^
|    334 |    291 |    240 |    223 |    222 |    219 |    220 |    212 |    210 |    195 |    198 |    205 |    191 |    179 |    180 |   182 |    182 |  -45.7%                     |  0.2%           |

{{ :general:trends:iir_pm10_2025trend.png?direct&800 | trend of PM<sub>10</sub> emisisons, by sector}}
{{ :general:trends:iir_pm10_2025trend_from_2005.png?direct&800 | trend of PM<sub>10</sub> emisisons, by sector, from 2005}}