====== Explanation of Key Trends - Total Suspended Particulate Matter ======

===== Main drivers =====

Between 1990 and 2023, **total TSP emissions dropped by 83.5%**, mainly due to stricter regulations of the Old West Germany that applied to the New German Länder after the German Reunification and realized a change-over from solid to gaseous and liquid fuel, as well as advancements in filter technologies of combustion plants and industrial processes. 

The Main Drivers for TSP emissions are **Fuel Combustion (NFR 1.A)** with 62% of total 1990 emissions and a 94% reduction between 1990 and 2023 and, as a sum, the **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)** with 27% of the total 1990 emissions and a 65% reduction between 1990 ans 2023.

__Table: TSP emissions 1990-2023, in kilotonnes [kt]__

^                                                                                                                                                |||||||||||||||||^  Trend: latest compared to                   ||
^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^  2023  ^  1990                       ^  previous year  ^
|  2 016 |    540 |    494 |    407 |    377 |    381 |    375 |    384 |    375 |    369 |    342 |    355 |    370 |    344 |    326 |    325 |    328 |    334 |  -83.5%                     |  +1.7%          |

{{ :general:trends:iir_tsp_2025trend.png?direct&800 | trend of TSP emissions, by sector}}
{{ :general:trends:iir_tsp_2025trend_from_2005.png?direct&800 | trend of TSP emissions, by sector, from 2005}}]