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1.A.3.b vi-vii - Road Transport: Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear and Road Abrasion

This overview chapter provides information on emissions from automobile tyre and brake wear & road abrasion are reported reported in NFR sub-categories 1.A.3.b vi and 1.A.3.b vii. These sub-categories are important sources for a) particle emissions and b) emissions of heavy metals, POPs etc. included in these particles.

NFR-Code Name of Category
1.A.3.b vi Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear
1.A.3.b vii Automobile Road Abrasion

Methodology

Activity data

Specific mileage data for all different types of road vehicles are generated within TREMOD (Knörr et al., 2024a) 1). The following table provides an overview of annual mileages.

Table 1: Mileage data for road vehicles 1990-2022, in 106 kilometers

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Passenger Cars 492,280 535,524 565,345 580,076 596,532 630,995 638,156 643,711 643,198 645,829 548,971 546,127 564,042 645,874
Light Duty Vehicles 14,259 23,294 31,541 35,938 39,226 45,330 47,457 49,698 51,918 53,657 50,983 54,572 56,132 55,467
Heavy Duty Vehicles 40,827 54,025 62,478 60,932 61,970 66,463 68,460 69,264 70,650 70,052 67,072 69,046 68,516 64,547
thereof: Lorries & Trucks 36,657 50,109 58,440 56,788 57,728 61,548 63,061 64,704 66,084 65,435 64,128 65,876 64,744 60,190
thereof: Buses 4,170 3,916 4,038 4,144 4,243 4,915 5,399 4,560 4,566 4,617 2,944 3,171 3,773 4,357
Two-wheelers 15,734 12,303 15,161 15,621 15,298 14,508 14,519 14,503 14,625 14,842 14,985 13,407 14,492 13,836
thereof: Mopeds 5,917 3,830 4,047 4,191 4,990 4,870 4,831 4,730 4,849 4,922 5,039 4,479 4,856 3,916
thereof: Motorcycles 9,817 8,473 11,113 11,429 10,308 9,638 9,687 9,773 9,776 9,920 9,946 8,928 9,636 9,920
TOTAL MILEAGE 563,099 625,145 674,524 692,567 713,026 757,295 768,591 777,176 780,391 784,380 682,010 683,152 703,182 779,723

The following chart illustrates the increase in annual mileage of electric road vehicles in 106 kilometers. Despite the exponential growth, only about 2.5 per cent of annual mileage was “electric” in 2023. Annual mileage of electric road vehicles

Please see sub-category chapters 1.A.3.b vi - Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear and 1.A.3.b vii - Automobile Road Abrasion .

Recalculations

With all input data remaining unrevised, no recalculations were made compared to the previous submission.

1) Knörr et al. (2024a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2024.