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2.C.5 - Lead Production

Short description

Within this NFR subcategory, SO2, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, PCB and PCDD/F emissions from the production of lead are reported.

Category Code Method AD EF
2.C.5 T2 AS D, CS

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Method(s) applied
D Default
T1 Tier 1 / Simple Methodology *
T2 Tier 2*
T3 Tier 3 / Detailed Methodology *
C CORINAIR
CS Country Specific
M Model
* as described in the EMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook - 2019, in category chapters.
(source for) Activity Data
NS National Statistics
RS Regional Statistics
IS International Statistics
PS Plant Specific
As Associations, business organisations
Q specific Questionnaires (or surveys)
M Model / Modelled
C Confidential
(source for) Emission Factors
D Default (EMEP Guidebook)
CS Country Specific
PS Plant Specific
M Model / Modelled
C Confidential
NOx NMVOC SO2 NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP BC CO Pb Cd Hg As Cr Cu Ni Se Zn PCDD/F PAHs HCB
NA NA -/- NA -/- -/- -/- NE NA -/- -/- -/- -/- NA -/- NA NE -/- -/- NA NA

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L/- key source by Level only
-/T key source by Trend only
L/T key source by both Level and Trend
-/- no key source for this pollutant
IE emission of specific pollutant Included Elsewhere (i.e. in another category)
NE emission of specific pollutant Not Estimated (yet)
NA specific pollutant not emitted from this source or activity = Not Applicable

Method

Activity data

The yearly production figures were taken from the annual statistical report of the German association for non-ferrous metals [Lit. 1].
In 2022 the primary and secondary lead production amounted to 229 kt.

Emission factors

The emission factor for SOx is a tier 1 default value according to the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023 [Lit. 2] and is supposed to be constant. All other emission factors are tier 2 level factors, have a decreasing trend and were determined in research projects. For heavy metals (HM), the applied emission factors are derived from a research project [Lit. 3].

Table 1: emission factors applied for primary and secondary lead production (3 digits rounded off)

EF (primary) EF (secondary) Unit
SO2 2.05 kg/t
PM2.5 17.5 g/t
PM10 21.3 g/t
TSP 25 g/t
As 49.213 41.179 mg/t
Cd 62.448 19.767 mg/t
Cu 162.663 mg/t
Hg 0.3 0.325 g/t
Pb 6.028 4.506 g/t
Zn 664 50 mg/t
PCB 2.1 mg/t
PCDD/F 0.34 µg/t

Uncertainties

The uncertainties for the production amounts are 5% and for the emission factors not more than 300%. Only for dioxines the upper bond uncertainty is about 900%.

Recalculations

With activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised, no recalculations were carried out compared to the previous submission.

Planned improvements

The emission factor for PCB is still orientated to old emission guidebook values and seems to be to high due to legal terms. The factor will be updated in the next submission 2025.

Bibliography

Lit. 1: German association for non-ferrous metals (WirtschaftsVereinigung Metalle): Annual statistical report: https://www.wvmetalle.de
Lit. 2: EMEP/EEA, 2023: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023, Copenhagen, 2023. https://www.eea.europa.eu
Lit. 3: Ökopol, IER, IZT, IfG: Bereitstellung einer qualitätsgesicherten Datengrundlage für die Emissionsberichterstattung zur Umsetzung von internationalen Luftreinhalte- und Klimaschutzvereinbarungen für ausgewählte Industriebranchen Teilvorhaben 2: NE-Metallindustrie, Kalkindustrie, Gießereien.