1.A.5.b - Other, Mobile (including Military)

Short description

In sub-category 1.A.5.b - Other, Mobile (including Military) emissions from landbased, air- and waterborne military vehicles are reported.

NFR-Code Name of Category Method AD EF
1.A.5.b Other, Mobile (including Military) see sub-category details
consisting of:
1.A.5.b i Land-based military transport and machinery T1, T2 NS CS, D
1.A.5.b ii Military Aviation T1, T2 NS CS, D
1.A.5.b iii Military Navigation T1, T2, T3 NS, M CS, D, M

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Method(s) applied
D Default
T1 Tier 1 / Simple Methodology *
T2 Tier 2*
T3 Tier 3 / Detailed Methodology *
C CORINAIR
CS Country Specific
M Model
* as described in the EMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook - 2019, in category chapters.
(source for) Activity Data
NS National Statistics
RS Regional Statistics
IS International Statistics
PS Plant Specific
As Associations, business organisations
Q specific Questionnaires (or surveys)
M Model / Modelled
C Confidential
(source for) Emission Factors
D Default (EMEP Guidebook)
CS Country Specific
PS Plant Specific
M Model / Modelled
C Confidential

NOx NMVOC SO2 NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP BC CO Pb Cd Hg As Cr Cu Ni Se Zn PCDD/F PAHs HCB PCBs
-/T -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/-

Click to view Legend

Click to hide Legend

Method(s) applied
D Default
T1 Tier 1 / Simple Methodology *
T2 Tier 2*
T3 Tier 3 / Detailed Methodology *
C CORINAIR
CS Country Specific
M Model
* as described in the EMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook - 2019, in category chapters.
(source for) Activity Data
NS National Statistics
RS Regional Statistics
IS International Statistics
PS Plant Specific
As Associations, business organisations
Q specific Questionnaires (or surveys)
M Model / Modelled
C Confidential
(source for) Emission Factors
D Default (EMEP Guidebook)
CS Country Specific
PS Plant Specific
M Model / Modelled
C Confidential

For further information on sub-sector specific consumption data, emission factors and emissions as well as further information on emission trends, recalculations and planned improvements, please follow the links above.

Methodology

Activity data

Basically, all fuel deliveries to the military are included in the primary fuel delivery data provided by the National Energy Balances (NEB) 1). As the NEB does not provide specific data for military use, the following additional sources are used:

Military land-based vehicles and aviation:

For the years as of 1995, the official mineral-oil data of the Federal Republic of Germany (Amtliche Mineralöldaten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland), prepared by the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA), are used 2). Provided in units of [1000 t], these amounts have to be converted into [TJ] on the basis of the relevant net calorific values given by 3).

As the official mineral-oil data does not distinguish into fossil and biofuels but does provide amounts for inland deliveries of total diesel and gasoline fuels, no data on the consumption of biodiesel and bioethanol is available directly at the moment. Therefore, activity data for biofuels used in military vehicles are calculated by applying Germany's official annual biofuel shares to the named total deliveries (see also: info on EF).

As there is no consistent NEB data availabe for aviation gasoline, delivery data from BAFA is applied for the entire time series.

Military navigation:

Primarilly, fuel deliveries to military navigation is included in the NEB data provided in NEB lines 6: 'International Deep-Sea Bunkers' and 64: 'Coastal and inland navigation' but cannot be derived directly. Therefore, starting with this submission, fuel use in military navigation is estimated within a specific model used for estimating emissions from German maritime activities 4).

Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.5.b

Mode of Military Transport Specific AD included in: Sources for specific data Relevant years
Military ground vehicles and mobile machinery, military aviation NEB line 67 - 'Commerce, Trade, Services and other Consumers' Special evaluation 1990-1994 carried out by AGEB 1990 - 1994
Official oil data, table 7j, column: 'An das Militär', 5) as of 1995
Military Navigation NEB lines 6 - 'International Deep-Sea Bunkers' and 64 - 'Coastal and Inland Navigation' AD estimated within 6) as of 1990

Table 2: Annual over-all fuel consumption in military vehicles and mobile equipment, in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
DIESEL OIL 15,417 8,264 1,592 3,368 1,126 733 718 571 379 281 134 137 148
GASOLINE 21,508 9,800 7,477 6,838 4,790 3,300 2,969 2,464 2,305 2,273 1,771 1,923 2,042
BIODIESEL 0 0 0 223 76.3 32.2 31.3 22.1 15.8 15.9 10.9 9.6 10.3
BIOGASOLINE 0 0 0 47 186 133 121 104 100 93.7 79.4 90.6 94.6
JET KEROSENE 38,385 16,143 9,862 2,200 3,286 3,726 3,845 1,507 1,025 3,746 2,904 4,810 3,551
AVGAS 15.2 6.35 1.09 0.26 0.17 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.17 0.04 0.00 0.09 0.30
HEAVY FUEL OIL 152 104 90.4 67.4 59.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LIGHT FUEL OIL* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33.2 164 390 118 131
Ʃ 1.A.5.b 75,477 34,317 19,022 12,743 9,524 7,925 7,685 4,667 3,858 6,574 5,289 7,089 5,976
data sources: (BAFA, 2023) 7): Table 7j: “an das Militär” (“to the military”), (AGEB, 2023) 8): NEB line 6, and own estimates for blended biofuels
* as of 2018: replacing diesel oil used in navigation (source: National Energy Balances)

Table 3: Further break-down of annual military fuel consumption, in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
used in military ground vehicles and machinery
Diesel Oil 15,037 8,001 1,364 3,196 976 579 577 415 279 281 134 137 148
Biodiesel NO NO NO 223 76.3 32.2 31.3 22.1 15.8 15.9 10.9 9.64 10.3
Gasoline 21,508 9,800 7,477 6,838 4,790 3,300 2,969 2,464 2,305 2,273 1,771 1,923 2,042
Biogasoline NO NO NO 47.4 186 133 121 104 100 93.7 79.4 90.6 94.6
used in military aircraft
Jet Kerosene 38,385 16,143 9,862 2,200 3,286 3,726 3,845 1,507 1,025 3,746 2,904 4,810 3,551
Aviation Gasoline 15.2 6.35 1.09 0.26 0.17 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.17 0.04 0.00 0.09 0.30
used in military navigation
Diesel Oil 380 263 228 171 150 154 141 156 99.5 NO NO NO NO
Light Fuel Oil* NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 33.2 164 390 118 131
Heavy Fuel Oil 152 104 90.4 67.4 59.0 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
Ʃ 1.A.5.b
all types of fuels applied 75,477 34,317 19,022 12,743 9,524 7,925 7,685 4,667 3,858 6,574 5,289 7,089 5,976
data sources: (BAFA, 2023) 9): Table 7j: “an das Militär” (“to the military”), (AGEB, 2023) 10): NEB line 6, and own estimates for blended biofuels
* as of 2018: replacing diesel oil used in navigation (source: National Energy Balances)

As the “consumption data” provided here originally represents fuel delivery data, some trends in “annual consumption” are influenced by stock-keeping activities. Here, a clear impact of storage effects can be observed for avgas, where a significantly high amount of 15 TJ was purchased in 2007 followed by zero or very small deliveries.

 Annual avgas deliveries to the military

Furthermore, based upon expert information, no biodiesel or heavy fuel oil is used in national military navigation.

Emission factors

For further information on sub-sector specific emission factors, please refer to the sub-chapters on ground-based , airborne and naval military activities.

Table: Outcome of Key Category Analysis

for: NOx
by: Trend

Here, due to the tier1 emission factors applied, annual emissions strongly correspond with activity data, therefore showing strong decline after 1990 and an ongoing downward trend.

Regarding the peak in NOx emissions 2005: The dominating source of NOx (and PM) emissions is the use of diesel oil in militar ground vehicles and machinery as well as military vessels. Here, the underlying activity data (annual diesel oil inland deliveries) for 2005 are well above the values of previous and following years but cannot be revised in a sensible way.

 Annual nitrogen oxides emissions

Furthermore, this NFR category shows interesting trends for emissions of Lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline (until 1997) and aviation gasoline:

Until 1997, lead emissions were dominated by the combustion of leaded gasoline in military ground-based vehicles. Therefore, the over-all trend for lead emissions from military vehicles and aircraft is driven mostly by the abolition of leaded gasoline in 1997. Towards this date, the amount of leaded gasoline decreased significantly. After 1997, the only source for lead from mobile fuel combustion is avgas used in military aircraft. As for avgas, the trend of consumption is more or less drecreasing steadily until 2005 but then shows a strong increase for 2006 and '07 (!), followed by no or very small deliveries. As mentioned above, there are no real consumption data available: AD is based on fuel deliveries to the military only. Thus, especially the trends for the use of aviation gasoline and the resulting emissions show this siginificant jumps in 2006 and 07. The party is aware of this issue and will try to solve it as soon as data allows. (see also: FAQ)

 Annual lead emissions

The trend for TSP emissions reflects the impact of leaded gasoline at least for 1990 to 1997. For all other years, particulate matter emissions simply follow the trend in over-all fuel consumption. Here, as already explained for NOx, the increased 2005 emissions result form a corresponding jump in inland diesel-oil deliveries (see information on annual activity data above).

 Annual TSP emissions  Annual TSP emissions

Regarding sulphur dioxide, emssions not only reflect the trend of fuel consumption but also the impact of fuel-sulphur legislation.

 Annual sulphur oxides emissions

For all other reported pollutants, due to the application of tier1 emission factors, emission trends reported for this sub-category only reflect the trend in fuel deliveries.

Recalculations

Recalculations against last year's submission occur mainly due to the revision of the underlying National Energy Balances (NEB) 2003 to 2021 and here especially the heating values for gasoline fuels and the inland deliveries of diesel oil to maritime shipping as provided in line 6 of the NEB.

Furthermore, but with no impact on emission estimates, diesel oil and light fuel oil used in maritime shipping is reported separately for the first time.

Table: Revised activity data 2004 to 2021, in terajoules [TJ]

2003 2004 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Diesel Oil
current submission 1,257 1,118 3,368 1,126 733 718 571 379 281 134 137
previous submission 1,257 1,121 3,377 1,127 734 719 571 412 445 328 256
absolute change 0.00 -2.55 -9.76 -1.58 -0.52 -0.73 -0.19 -32.7 -164 -195 -118
relative change 0.00% -0.23% -0.29% -0.14% -0.07% -0.10% -0.03% -7.93% -36.9% -59.3% -46.2%
Light Fuel Oil
current submission 33.2 164 390 118
previous submission IE IE IE IE
absolute change 33.2 164 390 118
Biodiesel
current submission 35.2 223 76.3 32.2 31.3 22.1 15.8 15.9 10.9 9.64
previous submission 33.0 214 74.9 31.7 30.6 22.1 16.2 16.0 11.1 9.55
absolute change 2.25 8.60 1.39 0.46 0.65 0.00 -0.45 -0.06 -0.16 0.08
relative change 6.81% 4.01% 1.86% 1.46% 2.11% -0.01% -2.76% -0.39% -1.40% 0.87%
Gasoline
current submission 6,797 5,780 6,838 4,790 3,300 2,969 2,464 2,305 2,273 1,771 1,923
previous submission 6,797 5,780 6,838 4,792 3,287 2,959 2,463 2,300 2,269 1,770 1,921
absolute change 0.00 -0.29 -0.58 -1.34 12.9 10.1 1.13 5.05 4.20 1.89 1.14
relative change 0.00% 0.00% -0.01% -0.03% 0.39% 0.34% 0.05% 0.22% 0.19% 0.11% 0.06%
Biogasoline
current submission 6.37 47.4 186 133 121 104 100 93.7 79.4 90.6
previous submission 6.16 47.0 185 143 129 104 103 97.9 80.8 91.4
absolute change 0.21 0.42 0.96 -9.36 -7.32 0.05 -3.66 -4.20 -1.37 -0.82
relative change 3.37% 0.89% 0.52% -6.56% -5.70% 0.05% -3.53% -4.29% -1.70% -0.90%
Ʃ 1.A.5.b
current submission 15,156 12,291 12,743 9,524 7,925 7,685 4,667 3,858 6,574 5,289 7,089
previous submission 15,156 12,291 12,744 9,524 7,921 7,682 4,666 3,856 6,574 5,094 7,088
absolute change 0.00 -0.38 -1.33 -0.57 3.50 2.71 0.99 1.45 0.00 195 0.30
relative change 0.00% 0.00% -0.01% -0.01% 0.04% 0.04% 0.02% 0.04% 0.00% 3.84% 0.00%

For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2021, please see the recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations.

Uncertainties

Uncertainty estimates for activity data of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: “Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland” by Knörr et al. (2009) 11).

Uncertainty estimates for emission factors were compiled during the PAREST research project. Here, the final report has not yet been published.

Planned improvements

With respect to NFR 1.A.5.b as such, no overarching improvements are planned. For further information on possible sub-sector specific improvements, please follow the links above.


1), 3), 8), 10) AGEB, 2023: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/daten-und-fakten/bilanzen-1990-bis-2030/?wpv-jahresbereich-bilanz=2021-2030, (Aufruf: 12.12.2023), Köln & Berlin, 2023
2), 5), 7), 9) BAFA, 2023: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2022_12.xlsx?__blob=publicationFile&v=4, Eschborn, 2023.
6) Deichnik (2023): Aktualisierung und Revision des Modells zur Berechnung der spezifischen Verbräuche und Emissionen des von Deutschland ausgehenden Seeverkehrs. from Bundesamts für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH); Hamburg, 2023.
11) Knörr et al.,2009: Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.