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appendices:appendix2.2-road-transport [2024/04/05 06:49] – [Derivation of emission factors] kotzullaappendices:appendix2.2-road-transport [2024/11/06 13:54] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ===== Emission factors===== ===== Emission factors=====
  
-All emission factors are listed in the "Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport 4.1" (Notter et al., (2019) [(NOTTER2007)]), a reference work prepared via co-operation, between the environmental protection agencies of Germany, Switzerland and Austria also supported by Sweden, Norway, France as well as the JRC (European Research Center of the European Commission), in derivation of emission factors for road traffic. The emission factors in the manual originate predominantly from the measurement programmes of TÜV Rheinland (TÜV, Technical Control Association) and RWTÜV. Those programmes have included fundamental surveys for the reference years 1989/1990. In those surveys, a new method was used, for both passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles, whereby emission factors were derived according to driving habits and the traffic situation. Within the context of field monitoring data, the passenger-car emission factors were updated for cars produced up to 1994. Version 3.4 of the "Emission-factor Manual for Road Transports" ("Handbuch der Emissionsfaktoren des Straßenverkehrs": HBEFA), which is used for the current emissions calculations, draws on findings of the EU working group COST 346 and the ARTEMIS research programme. The emission factors are derived from the development of the various vehicle layers and from the data provided by the HBEFA. The emissions reduction achieved via the introduction of sulphur-free fuels was estimated by the German Environment Agency.+All emission factors are listed in the "Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport" versions 4.1 (Keller et al., (2019) [(KELLER2019)]) and 4.2 (Notter et al., (2022) [(NOTTER2022)]). 
 + 
 +This reference work is prepared via co-operation, between the environmental protection agencies of Germany, Switzerland and Austria also supported by Sweden, Norway, France as well as the JRC (European Research Center of the European Commission), in derivation of emission factors for road traffic.  
 + 
 +The emission factors in this manual originate predominantly from the measurement programmes of TÜV Rheinland (TÜV, Technical Control Association) and RWTÜV. Those programmes have included fundamental surveys for the reference years 1989/1990. In those surveys, a new method was used, for both passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles, whereby emission factors were derived according to driving habits and the traffic situation. Within the context of field monitoring data, the passenger-car emission factors were updated for cars produced up to 1994. Version 3.4 of the "Emission-factor Manual for Road Transports" ("Handbuch der Emissionsfaktoren des Straßenverkehrs": HBEFA), which is used for the current emissions calculations, draws on findings of the EU working group COST 346 and the ARTEMIS research programme. The emission factors are derived from the development of the various vehicle layers and from the data provided by the HBEFA. The emissions reduction achieved via the introduction of sulphur-free fuels was estimated by the German Environment Agency.
  
 ==== Derivation of emission factors ==== ==== Derivation of emission factors ====