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general:trends:emission_trends_heavy_metals [2023/03/15 13:22] – [Main drivers] kotzullageneral:trends:emission_trends_heavy_metals [2024/11/06 13:54] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ===== Main drivers ===== ===== Main drivers =====
  
-Emission of priority heavy metals (cadmium, lead and mercury) **decreased significantly since 1990**. Values show reductions by about 58 to 89% compared to the base year, with most of the achievements originating from the early 1990's though.+Emission of priority heavy metals (cadmium, lead and mercury) **decreased significantly since 1990**. Most values show reductions by about 50 to 93% compared to the base year, with the majority of the achievements originating from the early 1990's though.
  
-__Overview of percental decreases in HM emissions since 1990 +__Overview of percental decreases in HM emissions since 1990:__ 
-  * Arsenic: -94% +  * Arsenic: -93.5% 
-  * Cadmium: -63% +  * Cadmium: -64.5% 
-  * Copper: -15% +  * Copper: -9.6% 
-  * Chrome: -59% +  * Chrome: -57.3% 
-  * Mercury: -81% +  * Mercury: -81.5% 
-  * Nickel: -61% +  * Nickel: -56.9% 
-  * Lead: -92% +  * Lead: -92.0% 
-  * Selenium: -52% +  * Selenium: -49.7% 
-  * Zinc: -41%+  * Zinc: -38.3%
  
  
 2019 and 2020 emissions saw a substantial reduction trend for most heavy metals. 2019 and 2020 emissions saw a substantial reduction trend for most heavy metals.
  
-The main sources for most heavy metals is fuel combustion:  +The main source for most heavy metals is fuel combustion and production processes:  
-Energy Industries (NFR 1.A.1) and Industrial Processes (NFR 2) like Metal Industries (NFR 2.C) emit the majority of arsenic, cadmium, chrome, lead, mercury and nickel. +**Energy Industries (NFR 1.A.1)** and **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)**, especially, of course, the Metal Industries (NFR 2.C) emit the majority of **arsenic, cadmium, chrome, lead, mercury and nickel**. 
 +  
 +In contrast, **copper and zinc** emissions are mostly governed by the **Transport (NFR 1.A.3)** sector, resulting mostly from brake and tyre wear. Thus, trends are connected directly with the annual mileage. 
  
-In contrast, copper and zinc emissions are mostly governed by the Transport (NFR 1.A.3) sector, resulting mostly from brake and tyre wear. Thus, trends are connected directly with the annual mileage. +**Selenium** on the other hand originates mainly from **Mineral Industry (NFR 2.A)** and to a lesser degree from Transport (NFR 1.A.3). 
  
-Selenium on the other hand originates mainly from Mineral Industry (NFR 2.A) and to a lesser degree from Transport (NFR 1.A.3). Other sources are still to be investigated but generally expected to add little to the total trend.+Other sources are still to be investigated but generally expected to add little to the total trend.
  
 ===== Trends ===== ===== Trends =====
 +
 The figure below shows emission trends for heavy metals: The figure below shows emission trends for heavy metals:
  
-[{{ :general:trends:iir_hm_all.png?direct&700 | Heavy metal emission trends }}]+{{ :general:trends:iir_hm_all.png?direct&800 | trends of heavy metal emissions}}