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| general:trends:emission_trends_heavy_metals [2023/03/15 13:26] – [Main drivers] kotzulla | general:trends:emission_trends_heavy_metals [2024/11/06 13:54] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| ===== Main drivers ===== | ===== Main drivers ===== | ||
| - | Emission of priority heavy metals (cadmium, lead and mercury) **decreased significantly since 1990**. | + | Emission of priority heavy metals (cadmium, lead and mercury) **decreased significantly since 1990**. |
| __Overview of percental decreases in HM emissions since 1990:__ | __Overview of percental decreases in HM emissions since 1990:__ | ||
| - | * Arsenic: -94% | + | * Arsenic: -93.5% |
| - | * Cadmium: -63% | + | * Cadmium: -64.5% |
| - | * Copper: -15% | + | * Copper: -9.6% |
| - | * Chrome: -59% | + | * Chrome: -57.3% |
| - | * Mercury: | + | * Mercury: |
| - | * Nickel: -61% | + | * Nickel: -56.9% |
| - | * Lead: | + | * Lead: -92.0% |
| - | * Selenium: -52% | + | * Selenium: -49.7% |
| - | * Zinc: -41% | + | * Zinc: -38.3% |
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| The main source for most heavy metals is fuel combustion and production processes: | The main source for most heavy metals is fuel combustion and production processes: | ||
| - | **Energy Industries (NFR 1.A.1)** and **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)**, especially, of course, the Metal Industries (NFR 2.C) emit the majority of **arsenic, cadmium, chrome, lead, mercury and nickel**. | + | **Energy Industries (NFR 1.A.1)** and **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)**, especially, of course, the Metal Industries (NFR 2.C) emit the majority of **arsenic, cadmium, chrome, lead, mercury and nickel**. |
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| In contrast, **copper and zinc** emissions are mostly governed by the **Transport (NFR 1.A.3)** sector, resulting mostly from brake and tyre wear. Thus, trends are connected directly with the annual mileage. | In contrast, **copper and zinc** emissions are mostly governed by the **Transport (NFR 1.A.3)** sector, resulting mostly from brake and tyre wear. Thus, trends are connected directly with the annual mileage. | ||
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| **Selenium** on the other hand originates mainly from **Mineral Industry (NFR 2.A)** and to a lesser degree from Transport (NFR 1.A.3). | **Selenium** on the other hand originates mainly from **Mineral Industry (NFR 2.A)** and to a lesser degree from Transport (NFR 1.A.3). | ||
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| Other sources are still to be investigated but generally expected to add little to the total trend. | Other sources are still to be investigated but generally expected to add little to the total trend. | ||
| ===== Trends ===== | ===== Trends ===== | ||
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| The figure below shows emission trends for heavy metals: | The figure below shows emission trends for heavy metals: | ||
| - | [{{ : | + | {{ : |