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| sector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:start [2024/04/16 14:44] – [Table] kotzulla | sector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:start [2024/11/06 14:54] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| | 3.D.d | Off-farm storage, handling and transport of bulk agricultural products | | 3.D.d | Off-farm storage, handling and transport of bulk agricultural products | ||
| | [[start# | | [[start# | ||
| - | | [[3Df_Agriculture other|3.D.f]] | + | | [[use_of_pesticides|3.D.f]] |
| ---- | ---- | ||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
| The calculation of NH< | The calculation of NH< | ||
| ==== Activity Data ==== | ==== Activity Data ==== | ||
| + | |||
| German statistics report the amounts of fertilizers sold which are assumed to equal the amounts that are applied. Since the 2021 submission, storage effects are approximated by applying a moving average to the sales data (moving centered three-year average, for the last year a weighted two-year average, which assigns 2/3 of the weight to the last year). Since the year 2022, data for the sales of urea that is stabilized with urease inhibitor is available. It cannot be published because of data-privacy issues. Therefore, the emissions are calculated and provided by the federal statistical office using the emission factors as described below. The activity data are published in aggregate for urea, urea+inhibitor and nitrogen solutions to maintain confidentiality. For details see Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 2.8. | German statistics report the amounts of fertilizers sold which are assumed to equal the amounts that are applied. Since the 2021 submission, storage effects are approximated by applying a moving average to the sales data (moving centered three-year average, for the last year a weighted two-year average, which assigns 2/3 of the weight to the last year). Since the year 2022, data for the sales of urea that is stabilized with urease inhibitor is available. It cannot be published because of data-privacy issues. Therefore, the emissions are calculated and provided by the federal statistical office using the emission factors as described below. The activity data are published in aggregate for urea, urea+inhibitor and nitrogen solutions to maintain confidentiality. For details see Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 2.8. | ||
| - | // | + | __Table |
| ^ Application of manure in [kt N] ||||||||||||| | ^ Application of manure in [kt N] ||||||||||||| | ||
| ^ 1990 | ^ 1990 | ||
| Line 64: | Line 65: | ||
| The emission factors for NH< | The emission factors for NH< | ||
| - | // | + | __Table |
| ^ Fertilizer type | ^ Fertilizer type | ||
| | calcium ammonium nitrate | | calcium ammonium nitrate | ||
| Line 75: | Line 76: | ||
| | other straight fertilizers | | other straight fertilizers | ||
| - | For NO< | + | For NO< |
| - | The German inventory uses the emission factor 0.012 kg NO-N per kg N derived from Stehfest and Bouwman (2006). This is equivalent to an emission factor of 0.03943 kg NO< | + | |
| + | The German inventory uses the emission factor 0.012 kg NO-N per kg N derived from Stehfest and Bouwman (2006). This is equivalent to an emission factor of 0.03943 kg NO< | ||
| - | //Table 3: Emission factor for NO< | ||
| + | __Table 3: Emission factor for NO< | ||
| ^ Emission factor | ^ Emission factor | ||
| | EF< | | EF< | ||
| Line 95: | Line 96: | ||
| __Table 4: REC-1: Revised NH< | __Table 4: REC-1: Revised NH< | ||
| | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^ | | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^ | ||
| - | | **Ammonia** | + | | **Ammonia** |
| ^ current submission | ^ current submission | ||
| ^ previous submission | ^ previous submission | ||
| ^ absolute change | ^ absolute change | ||
| ^ relative change [%] | -0.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.94 | 0.44 | -0.14 | | ^ relative change [%] | -0.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.94 | 0.44 | -0.14 | | ||
| - | | **Nitrogen oxides** | + | | **Nitrogen oxides** |
| ^ current submission | ^ current submission | ||
| ^ previous submission | ^ previous submission | ||
| Line 120: | Line 121: | ||
| The frequencies of application techniques and incorporation times as well as the underlying data sources are described in Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 2.5. The frequencies are provided. in the NID 2024((NIR (2024): National Inventory Report 2024 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2022. Available in April 2024.)), Chapter 17.3.1. | The frequencies of application techniques and incorporation times as well as the underlying data sources are described in Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 2.5. The frequencies are provided. in the NID 2024((NIR (2024): National Inventory Report 2024 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2022. Available in April 2024.)), Chapter 17.3.1. | ||
| - | // | + | __Table |
| ^ Application of manure in [kt N] ||||||||||||| | ^ Application of manure in [kt N] ||||||||||||| | ||
| ^ 1990 | ^ 1990 | ||
| Line 131: | Line 132: | ||
| ==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
| - | Table 5 shows the time series of the overall German NH< | ||
| - | //Table 6: IEF for NH< | + | The following table shows the time series of the overall German NH< |
| + | |||
| + | __Table | ||
| ^ IEF in [kg NH3-N per kg N in applied manure] | ^ IEF in [kg NH3-N per kg N in applied manure] | ||
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 | ||
| Line 141: | Line 143: | ||
| Both NH< | Both NH< | ||
| ==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| - | Table 7 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | + | |
| + | For all years, the total emissions of NH< | ||
| These differences are predominantly caused by a higher estimate of manure N, which is applied, compared to the last submission. Most of the recalculations (except No. 2, 11, 12) have an effect on this, some are increasing the emissions (esp. **No. 1** (new animal categories) and **No. 6** (correction of poultry numbers before 2013). **Recalculation No. 13** (update of anaerobic digestion data) results to changes in both directions for different animal categories, see [[sector: | These differences are predominantly caused by a higher estimate of manure N, which is applied, compared to the last submission. Most of the recalculations (except No. 2, 11, 12) have an effect on this, some are increasing the emissions (esp. **No. 1** (new animal categories) and **No. 6** (correction of poultry numbers before 2013). **Recalculation No. 13** (update of anaerobic digestion data) results to changes in both directions for different animal categories, see [[sector: | ||
| Further details on recalculations are described in Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 1.3. | Further details on recalculations are described in Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 1.3. | ||
| Line 164: | Line 168: | ||
| The calculation of NH< | The calculation of NH< | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| - | N quantities from application of sewage sludge were calculated from data of the German Environment Agency and (since 2009) from data of the Federal Statistical Office (see Table 7). | ||
| - | // | + | N quantities from application of sewage sludge were calculated from data of the German Environment Agency and (since 2009) from data of the Federal Statistical Office. |
| + | |||
| + | __Table | ||
| ^ Application of sewage sludge in [kt N] ||||||||||||| | ^ Application of sewage sludge in [kt N] ||||||||||||| | ||
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^ | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^ | ||
| Line 183: | Line 188: | ||
| ==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| - | Table 8 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | ||
| - | //Table 8: Comparison | + | Due to an update of the activity data, the emission estimates are different compared to the last submission in most years, sometimes higher and sometimes lower (see [[sector:agriculture: |
| - | ^ NH3 and NOx emissions from application of sewage sludge, in Gg |||||||||||||| | + | |
| + | __Table 9: Revised | ||
| ^ | ^ | ||
| | **Ammonia** | | **Ammonia** | ||
| Line 212: | Line 217: | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| + | |||
| Activity data is the amount of N in residues from anaerobic digestion of energy crops and waste and of compost from biowaste and green waste when leaving storage, as well as the amount of N in imported animal manures. For energy crops this is the N contained in the energy crops when being fed into the digestion process minus the N losses by emissions of N species from the storage of the residues (see 3.I). N losses from pre-storage are negligible and there are no N losses from fermenter (see Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 5.1). For residues from digested waste, compost from biowaste and compost from green waste the amount of N was derived from the waste statistics of the Federal Statistical Office (see Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 2.8). For imported manure the amounts of N were derived from statistics published by CBS (Statistics Netherlands) and RVO (Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland) The imported manure is categorized into cattle slurry, pig slurry, poultry manure, horse manure and mixed solid manure. Only imported manures from The Netherlands are taken into account, as for other countries the amounts of imported manures are unknown as are the amounts of exported manure. For details see Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 2.8. | Activity data is the amount of N in residues from anaerobic digestion of energy crops and waste and of compost from biowaste and green waste when leaving storage, as well as the amount of N in imported animal manures. For energy crops this is the N contained in the energy crops when being fed into the digestion process minus the N losses by emissions of N species from the storage of the residues (see 3.I). N losses from pre-storage are negligible and there are no N losses from fermenter (see Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 5.1). For residues from digested waste, compost from biowaste and compost from green waste the amount of N was derived from the waste statistics of the Federal Statistical Office (see Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 2.8). For imported manure the amounts of N were derived from statistics published by CBS (Statistics Netherlands) and RVO (Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland) The imported manure is categorized into cattle slurry, pig slurry, poultry manure, horse manure and mixed solid manure. Only imported manures from The Netherlands are taken into account, as for other countries the amounts of imported manures are unknown as are the amounts of exported manure. For details see Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 2.8. | ||
| - | //Table 9: AD for the estimation of NH< | + | __Table 10: AD for the estimation of NH< |
| - | ^ ^ Application of other organic fertilizers in Gg N ||||||||||||| | + | ^ ^ Application of other organic fertilizers in kt N ||||||||||||| |
| - | | | + | | |
| - | | Residues, digested energy crops | 0,05 | + | | Residues, digested energy crops | |
| - | | Residues, digested waste | 0,00 | + | | Residues, digested waste |
| - | | Compost, biowaste | + | | Compost, biowaste |
| - | | Compost, greenwaste | + | | Compost, greenwaste |
| - | | Imported manure | + | | Imported manure |
| - | | Total | 10,87 | + | ^ TOTAL ^ |
| ==== Methodology ==== | ==== Methodology ==== | ||
| Line 232: | Line 238: | ||
| ==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
| + | |||
| For NH< | For NH< | ||
| + | |||
| As the NO< | As the NO< | ||
| - | Table 10 shows the implied emission factors for NH< | ||
| - | //Table 10: IEF for NH< | + | __Table 11: IEF for NH< |
| ^ ^ IEF in kg NH3-N per kg N of other organic fertilizers | ^ ^ IEF in kg NH3-N per kg N of other organic fertilizers | ||
| - | | | + | | |
| - | | Residues, digested energy crops | 0,182 | 0,182 | 0,183 | 0,183 | 0,183 | 0,153 | 0,150 | 0,147 | 0,144 | 0,141 | 0,139 | 0,138 | 0,138 | | + | | Residues, digested energy crops | 0.182 | 0.182 | 0.183 | 0.183 | 0.183 | 0.153 | 0.150 | 0.147 | 0.144 | 0.141 | 0.139 | 0.138 | 0.138 | |
| - | | Residues, digested waste | 0,000 | 0,000 | 0,192 | 0,193 | 0,193 | 0,171 | 0,164 | 0,156 | 0,163 | 0,162 | 0,163 | 0,162 | 0,160 | | + | | Residues, digested waste | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.192 | 0.193 | 0.193 | 0.171 | 0.164 | 0.156 | 0.163 | 0.162 | 0.163 | 0.162 | 0.160 | |
| - | | Compost, biowaste | + | | Compost, biowaste |
| - | | Compost, greenwaste | + | | Compost, greenwaste |
| - | | Imported manure | + | | Imported manure |
| - | | Total | 0,118 | 0,110 | + | ^ TOTAL ^ 0.118 ^ 0.110 |
| ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== | ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== | ||
| Line 250: | Line 257: | ||
| ==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| - | Table 11 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | + | For all years, total NH< |
| - | //Table 11: | + | __Table 12: |
| - | ^ NH3 and NOx emissions | + | | |
| - | | | SUB | + | | **Ammonia** |
| - | | NH3 | + | ^ current submission |
| - | | NH3 | 2023 | 0.24 | 1.12 | 3.15 | 60.14 | 60.84 | + | ^ previous submission |
| - | | | + | ^ absolute |
| - | | | + | ^ relative |
| - | | NOx | 2024 | 0.43 | 1.75 | 2.44 | 13.15 | 13.99 | 14.50 | 14.57 | 14.22 | + | | **Nitrogen oxides** |
| - | | NOx | 2023 | 0.22 | 0.99 | + | ^ current submission |
| - | | | + | ^ previous submission |
| - | | | + | ^ absolute |
| + | ^ relative | ||
| ==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| Line 269: | Line 277: | ||
| The calculation of NH< | The calculation of NH< | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| - | Activity data for NH< | ||
| - | Table 12 shows the share of N excretions | + | Activity data for NH< |
| - | // Table 12: Share of N excretions | + | The TAN excretions are derived by multiplying the share of N excretion |
| - | ^ | + | |
| - | | | 1990 | + | __Table 13: Shares of N excretions on pasture, in [%]__ |
| - | | Dairy cows | 20.3 | 15.6 | + | | ^ |
| - | | Other cattle | + | ^ Dairy cows | |
| - | | Sheep | 55.1 | 55.5 | + | ^ Other cattle |
| - | | Goats | 34.2 | 34.2 | 34.2 | + | ^ Sheep |
| - | | Horses | + | ^ Goats |
| - | | Laying hens | 0.1 | + | ^ Horses |
| - | | Deer | 100.0 | + | ^ Laying hens |
| - | | Ostriches | + | ^ Deer | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| + | ^ Ostrich | ||
| ==== Methodology ==== | ==== Methodology ==== | ||
| NH< | NH< | ||
| ==== Emission Factors ==== | ==== Emission Factors ==== | ||
| + | |||
| The emission factors for NH< | The emission factors for NH< | ||
| Line 293: | Line 302: | ||
| - | //Table 13: Emission factors for emissions of NH< | + | __Table 14: Emission factors for emissions of NH< |
| - | ^ Emission factors | + | |
| | Dairy cows | 0.14 kg NH3-N per kg TAN excreted | | Dairy cows | 0.14 kg NH3-N per kg TAN excreted | ||
| | Other cattle | | Other cattle | ||
| Line 309: | Line 317: | ||
| ==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| - | Table 14 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | ||
| + | For all years, totals of NH< | ||
| - | For all years the total emissions of NH< | + | The main reason for that is the introduction of the new animal categories |
| - | //Table 14: REC-5: | + | __Table 15: REC-5: |
| - | ^ | + | | |
| - | | | + | | **Ammonia** |
| - | | NH3 | 2024 | 22.37 | + | ^ current submission |
| - | | NH3 | 2023 | 22.24 | 18.17 | + | ^ previous submission |
| - | | relative | + | ^ absolute |
| - | | absolute | + | ^ relative |
| - | | NOx | 2024 | 8.50 | + | | **Nitrogen oxides** |
| - | | NOx | 2023 | 8.40 | 6.82 | + | ^ current submission |
| - | | relative | + | ^ previous submission |
| - | | absolute | + | ^ absolute |
| + | ^ relative | ||
| ==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
| Line 333: | Line 342: | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| + | |||
| The activity data is the total area of agricultural land (arable land, grassland and horticultural land). This data is provided by official statistics. | The activity data is the total area of agricultural land (arable land, grassland and horticultural land). This data is provided by official statistics. | ||
| - | //Table 15: AD for the estimation of TSP, | + | __Table 16: Arable land and grassland, in [1000*ha]__ |
| - | ^ Arable land and grassland in 1000*ha | + | ^ Arable land and grassland in 1000*ha |
| - | | 1990 | 1995 | + | ^ |
| - | | 16,597 | + | | 16.597 | 15.395 | 15.595 | 15.674 | 15.855 | 15.841 | 15.789 | 15.781 | 15.701 | 15.694 | 15.577 | 15.510 | 15.465 | |
| ==== Methodology ==== | ==== Methodology ==== | ||
| The Tier 2 methodology used is described in EMEP (2019)-3D-17. | The Tier 2 methodology used is described in EMEP (2019)-3D-17. | ||
| ==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
| - | Emission factors given in EMEP (2019)-3D-18, | ||
| - | //Table 16: Emission | + | Emission factors given in EMEP (2019)-3D-18, |
| - | ^ ^ IEF in kg ha< | + | |
| - | | | + | The missing default-EFs for „other arable“ in the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook were replaced with the average of the EFs of wheat, rye, barley and oat, as it was done in the Danish IIR. The PM< |
| - | | TSP | 1.41 | + | |
| - | | PM10 | 1.41 | + | __Table 17: Implied emission |
| - | | PM2.5 | 0.11 | + | | ^ |
| + | ^ TSP | ||
| + | ^ PM< | ||
| + | ^ PM< | ||
| Line 359: | Line 371: | ||
| ==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| - | Table 17 shows the effects of recalculations on particulate matter emissions. | + | The only difference |
| + | Further details on recalculations are described in Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 1.3. | ||
| - | //Table 17: REC-6: | + | __Table 18: REC-6: |
| - | ^ | + | | |
| - | | | SUB | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | | + | | **TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICLES (TSP)** |
| - | | TSP | 2024 | 23.45 | 21.67 | 22.13 | 22.01 | 22.02 | 21.81 | 21.65 | 21.61 | 21.38 | 21.32 | 21.04 | 21.00 | + | ^ current submission |
| - | | TSP | 2023 | 23.45 | + | ^ previous submission |
| - | | | + | ^ absolute |
| - | | | + | ^ relative |
| - | | PM10 | 2024 | + | | **PM< |
| - | | PM10 | 2023 | 23.45 | + | ^ current submission |
| - | | | + | ^ previous submission |
| - | | | + | ^ absolute |
| - | | PM2.5 | 2024 | + | ^ relative |
| - | | PM2.5 | 2023 | 1.81 | 1.70 | 1.77 | + | | **PM< |
| - | | | + | ^ current submission |
| - | | | + | ^ previous submission |
| + | ^ absolute | ||
| + | ^ relative | ||
| ==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
| Line 385: | Line 400: | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| - | The activity data is the total area of arable land and grassland. This data is provided by official statistics. | ||
| - | // Table 18: AD for the estimation | + | The __total area of arable land and grassland__ applied as activity data is provided by official statistics. |
| - | ^ | + | |
| - | | 1990 | 1995 | + | __Table 19: Arable land and grassland, in [1000 ha]__ |
| - | | 16,506 | + | ^ 1990 |
| + | | 16.506 | 15.312 | 15.498 | 15.561 | 15.734 | 15.719 | 15.662 | 15.647 | 15.570 | 15.563 | 15.447 | 15.376 | 15.336 | | ||
| ==== Methodology ==== | ==== Methodology ==== | ||
| Line 396: | Line 411: | ||
| ==== Emission Factors ==== | ==== Emission Factors ==== | ||
| - | The emission factors for wheat, rye, rape and grass (15°C) given in EMEP (2019)-3D-16, | ||
| - | // Table 19: IEF for NMVOC emissions from crop production// | + | The emission factors for wheat, rye, rape and grass (15°C) given in EMEP (2019)-3D-16, |
| - | ^ | + | |
| - | | 1990 | + | The implied emission factors provided in thr following table are defined as ratio of the total NMVOC emissions from cultivated crops to the total area given by activity data. |
| - | | 0.47 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.50 | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.58 | | + | |
| + | __Table 20: IEF for NMVOC emissions from crop production, in [kg ha-1]__ | ||
| + | ^ | ||
| + | | 0.47 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.50 | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.58 | | ||
| ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== | ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== | ||
| NMVOC emissions from crop production are no key sources. | NMVOC emissions from crop production are no key sources. | ||
| ==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| - | Table 20 shows the effects of recalculations on NMVOC emissions. The only change with respect to last year’s submission is in 2021, where emissions are slightly higher in the present submission. The reason for this is the correction of area data in one federal state. Further details on recalculations are described in Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 1.3. | ||
| - | //Table 20: REC-7: | + | The only change with respect to last year’s submission occurs for 2021, where emissions are slightly higher in the present submission due to the correction of area data in one federal state. Further details on recalculations are described in Vos et al. (2024), Chapter 1.3. |
| - | ^ | + | |
| - | | SUB | + | __Table 21: REC-7: |
| - | | 2024 | 7.69 | 8.19 | 8.79 | 9.17 | 9.53 | 9.91 | 9.69 | 9.74 | 7.82 | 8.56 | 9.16 | 9.44 | 8.91 | | + | | ^ |
| - | | 2023 | 7.69 | 8.19 | 8.79 | 9.17 | 9.53 | 9.91 | 9.69 | 9.74 | 7.82 | 8.56 | 9.16 | 9.43 | | + | ^ current submission |
| - | | relative | + | ^ previous submission |
| - | | absolute | + | ^ absolute |
| + | ^ relative | ||
| - | <WRAP center round info 60%> | + | <WRAP center round info 65%> |
| - | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2021**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: |
| </ | </ | ||
| ==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||