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sector:energy:fugitive:solid_fuels:start [2022/03/22 11:41] – [Decommissioned hard-coal mines] kotzulla | sector:energy:fugitive:solid_fuels:start [2024/11/06 13:54] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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- | ====== 1.B.1 - Solid Fuels ===== | + | ====== 1.B.1 - Solid Fuels ====== |
{{ : | {{ : | ||
- | ^ Category Code ^ Method | + | ===== Short description ===== |
- | | 1.B.1.a | + | |
- | | 1.B.1.b | + | ^ Category Code ^ Method |
- | ^ Key Category | + | | 1.B.1.a |
- | | 1.B.1.a | + | | 1.B.1.b |
- | | 1.B.1.b | + | ^ Key Category |
+ | | 1.B.1.a | ||
+ | | 1.B.1.b | ||
. | . | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | ===== Lignite production | + | ===== Methodology |
+ | |||
+ | === Lignite production | ||
{{ : | {{ : | ||
- | The activity rates for lignite production have been taken from the //Statistik der Kohlenwirtschaft// | + | |
- | The emission factors used for calculating emissions from lignite production (TSP, PM₁₀ | + | Activity data for lignite production have been taken from the //Statistik der Kohlenwirtschaft// |
+ | |||
+ | The emission factors used for calculating emissions from lignite production (TSP, PM< | ||
__Table 1: Annual amounts of extracted raw lignite, in [Mt]__ | __Table 1: Annual amounts of extracted raw lignite, in [Mt]__ | ||
- | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ | + | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ |
- | | 357 | + | | 357 |
__Table 2: Emission factors applied for lignite extraction, in [kg/t]__ | __Table 2: Emission factors applied for lignite extraction, in [kg/t]__ | ||
- | ^ Pollutant | + | ^ Pollutant |
- | | TSP | 0.05086 | + | | TSP |
- | | PM₁₀ | + | | PM< |
- | | PM₂.₅ | + | | PM< |
- | ===== Lignite coke production | + | === Lignite coke production === |
__Table 3: Annual amounts of lignite coke produced, in [Mt]__ | __Table 3: Annual amounts of lignite coke produced, in [Mt]__ | ||
- | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ | + | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ |
- | | 3.3 | + | | 3.3 |
Emissions from lignite production other than listed below are reported by plant operator. Particle emission factors were verified in a research project (Emissionen und Maßnahmenanalyse Feinstaub 2000-2020) [(UBA2007)] . | Emissions from lignite production other than listed below are reported by plant operator. Particle emission factors were verified in a research project (Emissionen und Maßnahmenanalyse Feinstaub 2000-2020) [(UBA2007)] . | ||
- | __Table 4: Emission factors applied for liginte-coke production__ | + | __Table 4: Emission factors applied for lignite-coke production__ |
- | ^ Pollutant | + | ^ Pollutant |
- | | TSP | kg/t | 0.1 | | + | | TSP |
- | | PM₁₀ | + | | PM< |
- | | PM₂.₅ | + | | PM< |
- | | PAH | mg/t | 55 | | + | | PAH |
- | | PCDD/ | + | | PCDD/ |
- | ===== Hard coal coke production | + | === Hard coal coke production === |
- | The activity rates for hard coal coke production have been taken from the //Statistik der Kohlenwirtschafts// | + | The activity rates for hard coal coke production have been taken from the //Statistik der Kohlenwirtschafts// |
__Table 5: Annual amounts of hard coal coke produced, in [Mt]__ | __Table 5: Annual amounts of hard coal coke produced, in [Mt]__ | ||
- | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ | + | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ |
- | | 18.5 | 11.1 | 9.1 | + | | 18.5 | 11.1 | 9.1 |
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__Table 6: Emission factors for hard coal coke production__ | __Table 6: Emission factors for hard coal coke production__ | ||
- | ^ Pollutant | + | ^ Pollutant |
- | | CO | + | | CO | kg/t | 0.015 | |
- | | NH₃ | + | | NH< |
- | | NMVOC | kg/t | 0.096 | | + | | NMVOC |
- | | SO₂ | + | | SO< |
- | | TSP | kg/t | 0.011 | | + | | TSP |
- | | PM₁₀ | + | | PM< |
- | | PM₂.₅ | + | | PM< |
- | | PAH | mg/t | 55 | | + | | PAH |
- | | PCDD/ | + | | PCDD/ |
There are many potential sources of PAH emissions from coking plants. The dominant emission sources are leakages from coke oven doors and from charging operations. As there is limited data available on PAH emissions, the uncertainties of the estimated emission factors are very high. It should also be taken into account that emissions from coke production greatly vary between different coke production plants. The emission factors for benzo[a]pyrene and mixed PAH have been revised by research projects in 2010 [(UBADFIU2010)][(UBABFI2011)]. | There are many potential sources of PAH emissions from coking plants. The dominant emission sources are leakages from coke oven doors and from charging operations. As there is limited data available on PAH emissions, the uncertainties of the estimated emission factors are very high. It should also be taken into account that emissions from coke production greatly vary between different coke production plants. The emission factors for benzo[a]pyrene and mixed PAH have been revised by research projects in 2010 [(UBADFIU2010)][(UBABFI2011)]. | ||
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- | ===== Charcoal production ===== | + | === Decommissioned hard-coal mines === |
- | Small quantities of charcoal are produced | + | NMVOC Emissions from decommissioned hard-coal mines play a role in this sub- source category. When a hard-coal mine is decommissioned, |
- | |||
- | <WRAP center round box 50%> | ||
- | Use of charcoal (includes wood only) and barbecue coal (includes wood and lignite briquetts) is reported under [[sector: | ||
- | </ | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | ===== Decommissioned hard-coal mines ===== | ||
- | |||
- | NMVOC Emissions from decommissioned hard-coal mines play a role in this sub- source category. When a hard-coal mine is decommissioned, | ||
The NMVOC emissions from decommissioned hard-coal mines have been calculated in the research project " | The NMVOC emissions from decommissioned hard-coal mines have been calculated in the research project " | ||
- | __Table 7: NMVOC emission factor for decommissioned hard-coal mines, in [kg/m³]__ | + | __Table 7: NMVOC emission factor for decommissioned hard-coal mines, in [kg/m< |
- | ^ EF ^ | + | ^ EF ^ |
- | | 0.001599 | + | | 0.001599 |
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | Please | + | <WRAP center round info 60%> |
+ | For more details please | ||
+ | </ | ||
===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | New studies show a lower PM< | + | No further improvements are planned. |
===== References ===== | ===== References ===== | ||
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[(EMEPEEA2016> | [(EMEPEEA2016> | ||
[(NEULICHT1995> | [(NEULICHT1995> | ||
- | [(MEINERS2014> | + | [(MEINERS2014> |
- | + | [(KOHLENWIRTSCHAFT> | |
- | [(KOHLENWIRTSCHAFT> | + | [(UBA> |