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sector:ippu:mineral_industry:quarrying_mining:start [2022/08/09 13:19] – external edit 127.0.0.1sector:ippu:mineral_industry:quarrying_mining:start [2024/11/06 13:54] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ====== 2.A.5.a - Quarrying & Mining - Other Than Coal ====== ====== 2.A.5.a - Quarrying & Mining - Other Than Coal ======
  
-^ Category Code  ^  Method                                                                           ||||^  AD                                        ||||^  EF                              ||||| +^  Category Code                          ^  Method  ^  AD        ^  EF  ^ 
-| 2.A.5.a        |  T1                                                                               |||||  IS                                        |||||  CS                              ||||| +|  2.A.5.a                                |  T1/T2   |  NS/IS/AS  |  CS  | 
-^                ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC  ^  CO  ^  Pb  ^  Cd  ^  Hg  ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^ +|  {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}                              ||||
-| Key Category:  |  -               |  -      |  -               |  -               |  L/-               |  L/T              |  L/-  |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -     |  -    |  -    |+
  
-{{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}+---- 
 + 
 +| NO<sub>x</sub>                          |  NMVOC  |  SO<sub>2</sub>  |  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^ TSP   |  BC  |  CO  |  Heavy Metals  |  POPs  | 
 +|  NA                                     |  NA     |  NA              |  NA              ^  L/-               ^  L/T              ^  L/-  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA            |  NA    | 
 +|  {{page>general:Misc:LegendKCA:start}}                                                                                                                                 |||||||||||
  
 \\ \\
  
-For particulate emissions, Mining is the main emissions source in the Mineral industries.+Regarding particulate emissions, Mining is the main emissions source in the Mineral industries. 
 + 
 +In Germany, two diffrent approaches are applied for sands and rocks, and for salts, respectively.
  
-In Germany we use two approaches - one for Sands and rocks, one for salts. +===== Short description =====
-===== Short description - Sands and Rocks =====+
  
 The mining process emits relevant amounts of particles. Quarrying and mining of minerals other than coal is subsumed, in particular mining of limestone, hard rock and building Sands, with rising recycled materials. The mining process emits relevant amounts of particles. Quarrying and mining of minerals other than coal is subsumed, in particular mining of limestone, hard rock and building Sands, with rising recycled materials.
 +
 +Salt production is a sub-category of the mining activities in respect of the country specific approach used.
 +
 +The Tier 1 methodology for the emissions from salt mining represents only a small portion of emissions from this sector - few than 4%, depending on the PM fraction. Considering the limited scale of the activity and emission, the part is considered to be below the significance for higher Tiers. Please see the small relevance of this under trend diskussion.
  
 ===== Methodology ===== ===== Methodology =====
  
-With the use of the 2019 GB method [(EMEP/EEA, 2019: EEA Report No 13/2019 EMEP EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Copenhagen, 2019; URL: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-5-a-quarrying/view)], a Tier 2 method is available that can reflect different national conditions.+With the use of the 2023 GB method [(EMEP/EEA, 2023: EEA Report No 06/2023 EMEP EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023, Copenhagen, 2023; URL: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes-and-product-use/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-5-a-quarrying-1/view)], a Tier 2 method is available that can reflect different national conditions.
  
-In particular, this concerns input variables on humidity and wind speed, which are differentiated into regions. Due to data availability, the regions are represented by the administrative states (German Länder), which does not necessarily represent characteristic weather regimes. Regionality can be increased by merging urban and surface states. Parameters on weather as well as on areas can thus be improved.+In particular, this concerns input variables on humidity and wind speed, which are localized according to the administrative states of Germany. Larger city states (Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen) were merged with the respective larger states (Brandenburg, Schleswig-Hollstein, Niedersachsen) as the city states do not neccessarily represent the local weather conditions.  
 +Parameters on weather as well as on areas can thus be improved in the model above. In a first this was done by using weather data from the German Weather Service (DWD), which may be obtained as daily station data from the Open Data Portal: ClimateDataCenter (CDC) of the DWD URL: https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_germany/climate/daily/kl/
  
-The temporal resolution of the regional parameters has limitations: no weather data reports are available on a station basis before 2010, so no area information from the Corine land cover before 2010 is used (consistent data sets). In addition, information from CLC category 131 (Mineral extraction sites [(Copernicus 2019: CLC-classes; URL: https://land.copernicus.eu/user-corner/technical-library/corine-land-cover-nomenclature-guidelines/html/index-clc-131.html)]) had to be adjusted for areas of active open-pit lignite mines.+No area information from the Corine land cover before 2010 is used (consistent data sets). In addition, information from CLC category 131 (Mineral extraction sites [(Copernicus 2019: CLC-classes; URL: https://land.copernicus.eu/user-corner/technical-library/corine-land-cover-nomenclature-guidelines/html/index-clc-131.html)]) had to be adjusted for areas of active open-pit lignite mines. 
 + 
 +For salt production currently a Tier 1 method is used: information on production of salts are multiplied with country specific emission factors for TSP and PM. Please see the small relevance of this under trend diskussion.
  
 ===== Activity Data ===== ===== Activity Data =====
  
-As provided for in the GB model, we use AD in the split hard rock, sand and recycled material. These AD are taken from association information because the national statistics are not complete [(European Industry Association data are published annually at https://uepg.eu/pages/figures. Within the framework of technical consultations, historical data were confirmed by the National Association for Mineral Resources (https://www.bv-miro.org/).)]. Data gaps are interpolated for time series concsistency. The application of the method therefore resulted in higher AD.+As provided in the Guidebook model, specific AD for hard rock, sand, and recycled material are applied.  
 +Because of incomplete national statistics, these AD are taken from nationals and international association information [(European Industry Association data are published annually at https://www.aggregates-europe.eu/facts-figures/figures/)]. Within the framework of technical consultations, historical data were confirmed by the National Association for Mineral Resources [(https://www.bv-miro.org/)]. Now we are additionally in contact with Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources for figures og mineral raw materials [(https://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Min_rohstoffe/Produkte/produkte_node.html)]. 
 +For time series consistency, data gaps are closed via interpolation or expert adjustement. 
 + 
 +Data of production of potash and rock salt are included in national statistics. Potash salt is dominating, nevertheless gaps of statistics are filled and emissions are modelled as potash salt only.
  
 ===== Emission factors ===== ===== Emission factors =====
  
-The calculation of emissions takes into account national circumstances and reduction measures.The calculations are available in total more than ten Excel files (individual years since 1990, annually from 2010). Since the GB tool in principle calculates emissions for exactly one year [(EMEP/EEA, 2019: EEA Report No 13/2019 EMEP EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Copenhagen, 2019; URL: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-5-a-quarrying-1/view)], files must be available for exactly those years in which input data are available. Intermediate years are interpolated in case of data gaps.+The calculation of emissions takes into account national circumstances and reduction measures.The calculations are available in total more than ten Excel files (individual years since 1990, annually from 2010). Since the GB tool in principle calculates emissions for exactly one year [(EMEP/EEA, 2023: EEA Report No 06/2023 EMEP EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023, Copenhagen, 2023; URL: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes-and-product-use/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-5-a-quarrying-1/view)], files must be available for exactly those years in which input data are available. Intermediate years are interpolated in case of data gaps.
  
 With the help of the GB tools, IEFs are estimated on an annual basis, which are used for the inventory method AR x EF. The emission factors are virtual, but the calculation of this is modified by national circumstances on the parameters. So we would name the EF as country-specific. With the help of the GB tools, IEFs are estimated on an annual basis, which are used for the inventory method AR x EF. The emission factors are virtual, but the calculation of this is modified by national circumstances on the parameters. So we would name the EF as country-specific.
 +
 +The emission factors for salt production are based on analogy to bulk product handling by an UBA expert judgement:
 +
 +__Table 2: Overview of applied emission factors, in kg/t salt__
 +^                      |^  EF value      |^  EF trend     ||
 +^ TSP                  ||  0.031         ||  constant     ||
 +^ PM<sub>10</sub>      ||  0.016         ||  constant     ||
 +^ PM<sub>2.5</sub>     ||  0.003         ||  constant     ||
 ===== Trend discussion ===== ===== Trend discussion =====
  
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 [{{sector:ippu:mineral_industry:EM_2A5a_since_1990.PNG| Emission trends in NFR 2.A.5.a}}] [{{sector:ippu:mineral_industry:EM_2A5a_since_1990.PNG| Emission trends in NFR 2.A.5.a}}]
  
 +The Tier 1 methodology for the emissions from salt mining represents only a small portion of emissions from this sector - few than 4%, depending on the PM fraction. Considering the limited scale of the activity and emission, the part is considered to be below the significance for higher Tiers.
 +
 +[{{:sector:ippu:mineral_industry:quarrying_mining:share-of-salt-in-mining.png|**share-of-salt-in-mining**}}]
  
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
-Recalculations were necessary due to revised emissions model parameters for the whole time. Because of the particular weather sensitivity of the model, there are years with higher emissions, which is not counterbalanced by reductions from the area correction. There are changes for the years 1990 to 2009 because of the corrected area data, without specific modeling. The changed weather data can be found in the data set for the adjustment of all years starting in 2010.+Recalculations were necessary due to improvement of method. The significant changes can be shown as an absolute difference over time as follows:
  
-[{{sector:ippu:mineral_industry:rekalkulation_2a5a_since_1990.png| Recalculations in NFR 2.A.5.a}}]+[{{:sector:ippu:mineral_industry:recalc._2a5a_since_1990.PNG|**Recalculations in NFR 2.A.5.a**}}] 
 + 
 +The former years in particular were improved by valid meteorological data.
 =====Planned improvements ===== =====Planned improvements =====
  
 At the moment, it is planned evaluate further Country specific conditions. At the moment, it is planned evaluate further Country specific conditions.
-===== Short description - Salt Production ===== 
- 
-Salt production is a sub-category of the mining activities in respect of the country specific approach used. Currently, a Tier 1 method is used: information on production of salts are multiplied with emission factors for TSP and PM. 
- 
-===== Method ===== 
-==== Activity data ==== 
-The data from national statistics includes production of potash and rock salt. Potash salt is dominating, nevertheless gaps of statistics are filled and emissions are modelled as potash salt only. 
- 
-==== Emission factors ==== 
-The emission factors are based on analogy to bulk product handling by an expert judgements from UBA: 
- 
-__Table 2: Overview of applied emission factors, in kg/t salt__ 
-^ Pollutant     ^^  EF value      ^^  EF trend      ^^ 
-^ TSP           ^|          0.031 ||  constant      || 
-^ PM₁₀          ^|          0.016 ||  constant      || 
-^ PM₂.₅         ^|          0.003 ||  constant      || 
- 
- 
-===== Recalculations ===== 
- 
-<WRAP center round info 60%> 
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]]. 
-</WRAP> 
- 
- 
-===== Planned improvements ===== 
- 
-At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned. 
- 
-