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sector:other_and_natural_sources:natural_sources:other [2023/07/05 14:21] – created kotzulla | sector:other_and_natural_sources:natural_sources:other [2024/11/06 14:54] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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==== Short description ==== | ==== Short description ==== | ||
- | ^ | + | Within **NFR 11.C - Other Natural Sources: Other**, natural activities and resulting emissions other than volcanoes (11.A) and forest fires (11.B) are to be taken into account. |
- | | | + | |
+ | For the time being, the only natural emission source reported within NFR 11.C is lightning. | ||
- | Lightning and corona discharge during thunderstorm events cause atmospheric chemical reactions to take place at high voltages and high temperatures. These reactions cause the production of NO< | + | As NFR 11.C is a memo item category, emissions reported here are not accounted for in the National Totals. |
+ | |||
+ | ^ Category Code ^ Method | ||
+ | | 11.C | ||
+ | | {{page> | ||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | ^ NO< | ||
+ | ^ -/- | ||
+ | | //This memo item source category is not included in the key category analysis.// | ||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lightning | ||
====Methodology==== | ====Methodology==== | ||
- | The calculation of NO< | + | The calculation of NO< |
For the complete time series, the emissions are calculated as follows: | For the complete time series, the emissions are calculated as follows: | ||
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Table 1: Lightning strikes in Germany from 1990 onwards | Table 1: Lightning strikes in Germany from 1990 onwards | ||
- | ^ | + | ^ ^ Strike count [1000 strikes] |
- | | | + | ^ |
| 1991 | 443 | | | 1991 | 443 | | ||
| 1992 | 370 | | | 1992 | 370 | | ||
| 1993 | 274 | | | 1993 | 274 | | ||
| 1994 | 429 | | | 1994 | 429 | | ||
- | | | + | ^ |
| 1996 | 218 | | | 1996 | 218 | | ||
| 1997 | 255 | | | 1997 | 255 | | ||
| 1998 | 428 | | | 1998 | 428 | | ||
| 1999 | 589 | | | 1999 | 589 | | ||
- | | | + | ^ |
| 2001 | 591 | | | 2001 | 591 | | ||
| 2002 | 1,023 | | | 2002 | 1,023 | | ||
| 2003 | 813 | | | 2003 | 813 | | ||
| 2004 | 741 | | | 2004 | 741 | | ||
- | | | + | ^ |
| 2006 | 1,001 | | | 2006 | 1,001 | | ||
| 2007 | 1,139 | | | 2007 | 1,139 | | ||
| 2008 | 990 | | | 2008 | 990 | | ||
| 2009 | 917 | | | 2009 | 917 | | ||
- | | | + | ^ |
| 2011 | 687 | | | 2011 | 687 | | ||
| 2012 | 656 | | | 2012 | 656 | | ||
| 2013 | 542 | | | 2013 | 542 | | ||
| 2014 | 623 | | | 2014 | 623 | | ||
- | | | + | ^ |
| 2016 | 432 | | | 2016 | 432 | | ||
| 2017 | 443 | | | 2017 | 443 | | ||
| 2018 | 446 | | | 2018 | 446 | | ||
| 2019 | 329 | | | 2019 | 329 | | ||
- | | | + | ^ |
| 2021 | 512 | | | 2021 | 512 | | ||
+ | | 2022 | 242 | | ||
- | ===Emission factor=== | + | ===Emission factor(s)=== |
- | For the calculation of emissions in this category, the Guidebook emission factor of 2.75 kg NOx per strike is used. | + | |
+ | For the calculation of emissions in this category, the Guidebook emission factor of 2.75 kg NO< | ||
====Emission Trend==== | ====Emission Trend==== | ||
- | The emission value is solely dependent on the strike count and varies between 1 to 3 kilotons of NOx per year. | ||
- | Figure 1: NFR 11.C, NOx emissions from lightning | + | The emission value is solely dependent on the strike count and varies between 1 to 3 kilotons of NO< |
+ | |||
+ | Figure 1: NFR 11.C, NO< | ||
{{ : | {{ : | ||
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===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | <WRAP center round info 60%> | + | <WRAP center round info 65%> |
- | As these activities | + | With **activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised**, no recalculations |
</ | </ | ||
- | |||
==== Uncertainties ==== | ==== Uncertainties ==== | ||
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====Quality checks==== | ====Quality checks==== | ||
+ | |||
No sector-specific quality checks are done. | No sector-specific quality checks are done. | ||
====Planned Improvement==== | ====Planned Improvement==== | ||
- | Currently no improvements are planned. | ||
+ | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
+ | Currently, no source-specific improvements are planned. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | [(EMEP2023> |