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general:trends:emission_trends_pm2.5 [2026/02/13 08:53] – kotzullageneral:trends:emission_trends_pm2.5 [2026/02/13 10:36] (current) – vosen
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 ===== Obligations ===== ===== Obligations =====
  
-Germany has made a commitment to reduce particulate matter emissions. The revised Gothenburg Protocol and the revised NEC Directive both define emission reduction targets relative to a 2005 base year, mandating 26 % (by 2020) and 43 % (by 2030) reductions respectively.+Germany has made a commitment to reduce particulate matter emissions. The revised Gothenburg Protocol and the revised NEC Directive both define emission reduction targets relative to a 2005 base year, mandating 26% (by 2020) and 43% (by 2030) reductions respectively.
  
 While Germany's compliance with these obligations is not discussed here, further information on this subject can be found in [[general:projections:start|Chapter 9 - Projections]] and [[general:adjustments:start|Chapter 11 - Adjustments and Emission Ceiling Exceedance]]. While Germany's compliance with these obligations is not discussed here, further information on this subject can be found in [[general:projections:start|Chapter 9 - Projections]] and [[general:adjustments:start|Chapter 11 - Adjustments and Emission Ceiling Exceedance]].
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 Between 1995 and 2024, **Total PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions declined by 62.0%**.  Between 1995 and 2024, **Total PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions declined by 62.0%**. 
  
-The Main Drivers for PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions are **Fuel Combustion (NFR 1.A)** with 73 % of total 1995 emissions and a 69% reduction between 1995 and 2024 and, as a sum, the **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)** with about 21 % of total 1995 emissions and a 52 % reduction between 1995 and 2024.+The **main drivers** for PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions are **Fuel Combustion (NFR 1.A)** with 73% of total 1995 emissions and a 69% reduction between 1995 and 2024 and, as a sum, the **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)** with about 21% of total 1995 emissions and a 52% reduction between 1995 and 2024.
  
-Within both National totals and NFR 1.A, **Transport (NFR 1.A.3)** is responsible for the biggest part of PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions. Here, about 88 % of 2024 PM<sub>2.5</sub> transport emissions are induced by **Road Transport (NFR 1.A.3.b)**, caused by two third directly by fuel consumption **(NFR 1.A.3.b.i-iv)** and the other third by road abrasion and tyre and brake wear **(NFR 1.A.3.b.vi - vii)**.+Within both National totals and NFR 1.A, **Transport (NFR 1.A.3)** is responsible for the biggest part of PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions. Here, about 88% of 2024 PM<sub>2.5</sub> transport emissions are induced by **Road Transport (NFR 1.A.3.b)**. About one quarter (25%) of these emissions are directly caused by **fuel combustion (NFRs 1.A.3.b.i-iv)** whereas 75% stem from **tyre and brake wear (1.A.3.b.vi) and road abrasion (vii)**.
  
 __Table: PM<sub>2.5</sub> Emissions 1990-2024, in kilotonnes [kt]__ __Table: PM<sub>2.5</sub> Emissions 1990-2024, in kilotonnes [kt]__