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2.D.3.c - Asphalt Roofing
Short description
| Category Code | Method | AD | EF |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.D.3.c | T1 | AS | CS |
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| NOx | NMVOC | SO2 | NH3 | PM2.5 | PM10 | TSP | BC | CO | Heavy Metals | PCDD/F | PAHs | HCB | PCBs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA | -/- | NA | NA | -/- | -/- | -/- | NA | NA | NA | NA | NE | NA | NA |
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Bitumen is used in production and laying of roof and sealing sheeting. Roof and sealing sheeting is laid by means of both hot and cold processes.
The hot process, involving welding of sheeting, produces significant emissions of organic substances.
The relevant emissions trends depend primarily on trends in quantities of polymer bitumen sheeting produced. Use of solvent-containing primers is not considered here; it is covered via the solvents model – cf. 2.D.3.a Domestic Solvent Use.
Because of importance from other sources as solvents use, NMVOC emissions are considered and taken into account in this part of the emissions inventory.
Method
Activity data
Since a cooperation agreement was concluded, annual quantities of roof and sealing sheeting produced (activity data) are provided by the Verband der Dachbahnenindustrie (VDD) 1), the roof-sheeting manufacturers association (VDD, actual table exchanged with UBA).
Emission factors
NMVOC
In the process, a distinction is made between emissions from (i) the production and (ii) the laying of roof and sealing sheeting.
The emission factor for production of roof and sealing sheeting was obtained via a calculation in accordance with current technological standards of German manufacturers (VDD, see activitiy data).
The emission factor for laying of polymer-bitumen sheeting has been derived from an ecological balance sheet 2).
The implied emission factor applied for the entire source category has been increasing slightly, as a result of the increasing impact of polymer-bitumen sheeting. However, since no pertinent detailed data are available, NMVOC emissions are calculated in keeping with a Tier 1 method.
Table 1: Overview of applied NMVOC emission factors, in [kg/m2
| source of emissions | EF value | EF trend |
|---|---|---|
| production of roofing materials | 0.00035795 | constant over time |
| roofing of sheeting and shingle | 0.000027 to 0.000040 | rising |
Please note that emissions from the use of solvents are reported within the specific categories of solvents-use as based on the underlying model. Therefore, the emission factors applied here are comparably low. The trend of emission is not influenced importantly by the changing use of material types.
PM
During reviews a recommendation was developed: Germany should include an emission estimate for the PM components. Following this we have newly implemented EF for PM with the submission 2026.
The Guidebook Tier 1 method is used (EMEP/EEA, 2023) 3), but the reference used is tonnage [t], not the area produced in m2 as required for national calculations. Therefore, the default emission factor for PM provided in [g PM per Mg shingle] only can be applied with converted national activity data.
So the calculation of the bitumen consumption for the roofing materials is used for the national bitumen quantities.
Trends in emissions
The trend of emissions corresponds to the trend of produced amounts. No rising trends are to identify.
Recalculations
Recalculations were necessary due to first use of PM EF for the whole time series.
For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2023, please see the recalculation tables following chapter 9.1 - Recalculations.
Planned improvements
At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned.