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| sector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:start [2026/04/01 11:49] – [Uncertainty] kotzulla | sector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:start [2026/04/01 12:08] (current) – kotzulla | ||
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| ==== NH₃ and NOₓ ==== | ==== NH₃ and NOₓ ==== | ||
| + | |||
| In 2024, agricultural soils emitted 295.1 kt NH< | In 2024, agricultural soils emitted 295.1 kt NH< | ||
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| ==== NMVOC ==== | ==== NMVOC ==== | ||
| + | |||
| In 2024, the category of agricultural soils contributed 8.9 kt NMVOC or 2.9 % to the total agricultural NMVOC emissions in Germany (300.6 kt NMVOC). The only emission source was cultivated crops (3.D.e). | In 2024, the category of agricultural soils contributed 8.9 kt NMVOC or 2.9 % to the total agricultural NMVOC emissions in Germany (300.6 kt NMVOC). The only emission source was cultivated crops (3.D.e). | ||
| ==== TSP, PM₁₀ & PM₂.₅ ==== | ==== TSP, PM₁₀ & PM₂.₅ ==== | ||
| Line 53: | Line 55: | ||
| =====3.D.a.1 - Inorganic N-fertilizers ===== | =====3.D.a.1 - Inorganic N-fertilizers ===== | ||
| + | |||
| The calculation of NH< | The calculation of NH< | ||
| Line 75: | Line 78: | ||
| The emission factors for NH< | The emission factors for NH< | ||
| - | In order to reflect average German conditions, the emission factors for cool climate and a pH value lower than 7 was chosen. For urea fertilizer the German fertilizer ordinance prescribes the use of urease inhibitors or the immediate incorporation into the soil from 2020 onwards. The NH< | + | In order to reflect average German conditions, the emission factors for cool climate and a pH value lower than 7 was chosen. For urea fertilizer the German fertilizer ordinance prescribes the use of urease inhibitors or the immediate incorporation into the soil from 2020 onwards. The NH< |
| __Table 2: Synthetic fertilizers, | __Table 2: Synthetic fertilizers, | ||
| Line 90: | Line 93: | ||
| \\ | \\ | ||
| - | For NO< | + | For NO< |
| - | The German inventory uses the emission factor 0.012 kg NO-N per kg N derived from Stehfest and Bouwman (2006) directly. This is equivalent to an emission factor of 0.03943 kg NO< | + | The German inventory uses the emission factor 0.012 kg NO-N per kg N derived from Stehfest and Bouwman (2006) directly[(STEHFESTBOUWMAN2006)]. This is equivalent to an emission factor of 0.03943 kg NO< |
| __Table 3: Emission factor for NO< | __Table 3: Emission factor for NO< | ||
| Line 99: | Line 102: | ||
| ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== | ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== | ||
| + | |||
| Since 2016, fertilizer sales have fallen dramatically (by around a third). Emissions have fallen accordingly. This is even more pronounced for NH< | Since 2016, fertilizer sales have fallen dramatically (by around a third). Emissions have fallen accordingly. This is even more pronounced for NH< | ||
| ==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| - | Table 4 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | ||
| + | Table 4 shows the effects of recalculations on NH< | ||
| Line 120: | Line 124: | ||
| ==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
| + | |||
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| ===== 3.D.a.2.a - Animal manure applied to soils ===== | ===== 3.D.a.2.a - Animal manure applied to soils ===== | ||
| - | In this sub-category Germany reports the NH< | ||
| - | Germany | + | In this sub-category |
| + | |||
| + | Germany uses the Tier2 methodology for estimating NMVOC emissions for cattle in sector 3.B (manure management). The use of this methodology yields NMVOC emissions which formally could be reported in the sectors 3.D.a.2.a and 3.D.a.3 (grazing emissions). However, to be congruent with the NMVOC emissions for other animal categories, Germany reports these emissions in the NMVOC emissions reported from manure management (3.B). For the NFR codes 3.D.a.2.a and 3.D.a.3 the notation key IE is used for NMVOC emissions. | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| Line 131: | Line 137: | ||
| The calculation of the amount of N in manure applied is based on the N mass flow approach (see 3.B). It is the total of N excreted by animals in the housing and the N imported with bedding material minus N losses by emissions of N species from housing and storage. Hence, the amount of total N includes the N contained in anaerobically digested manures to be applied to the field. | The calculation of the amount of N in manure applied is based on the N mass flow approach (see 3.B). It is the total of N excreted by animals in the housing and the N imported with bedding material minus N losses by emissions of N species from housing and storage. Hence, the amount of total N includes the N contained in anaerobically digested manures to be applied to the field. | ||
| - | The frequencies of application techniques and incorporation times as well as the underlying data sources are described in Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 2.5. The frequencies are provided. in the NID 2026((NID (2026): | + | The frequencies of application techniques and incorporation times as well as the underlying data sources are described in Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 2.5. The frequencies are provided in the National Inventory Report 2026 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2024 |
| __Table 5: AD for the estimation of NH< | __Table 5: AD for the estimation of NH< | ||
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| ==== Methodology ==== | ==== Methodology ==== | ||
| - | NH< | + | |
| + | NH< | ||
| ==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
| Line 149: | Line 156: | ||
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 | ||
| | 0.216 | | 0.216 | ||
| - | ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== | + | |
| + | === Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== | ||
| Both NH< | Both NH< | ||
| Line 156: | Line 165: | ||
| Until 2000, the total emissions of NH< | Until 2000, the total emissions of NH< | ||
| - | These differences are predominantly caused by different estimates of manure N, which is applied, compared to the last submission. Many of the recalculations have an effect on this, especially the **recalculations No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6**. The two most important ones are **No. 3** (the new methodology to calculate N and TAN excretions of dairy cows leads to higher N excretion at the beginning and lower N excretions at the end of the time series, the percentage shares of TAN are lower for all years. The latter is responsible for the earlier change in the trend of NH< | + | These differences are predominantly caused by different estimates of manure N, which is applied, compared to the last submission. Many of the recalculations have an effect on this, especially the **recalculations No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6**. The two most important ones are **No. 3** (the new methodology to calculate N and TAN excretions of dairy cows leads to higher N excretion at the beginning and lower N excretions at the end of the time series, the percentage shares of TAN are lower for all years. The latter is responsible for the earlier change in the trend of NH< |
| __Table 7: Comparison of NH< | __Table 7: Comparison of NH< | ||
| Line 171: | Line 180: | ||
| ==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
| + | |||
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| ===== 3.D.a.2.b – Sewage sludge applied to soils ===== | ===== 3.D.a.2.b – Sewage sludge applied to soils ===== | ||
| - | The calculation of NH< | + | |
| + | The calculation of NH< | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| Line 184: | Line 195: | ||
| ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^ 2023 ^ 2024 ^ | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^ 2023 ^ 2024 ^ | ||
| | 27 | 35 | 33 | 27 | 26 | 19 | 19 | 14 | 13 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 10 | | | 27 | 35 | 33 | 27 | 26 | 19 | 19 | 14 | 13 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 10 | | ||
| + | |||
| ==== Methodology ==== | ==== Methodology ==== | ||
| - | A Tier 1 methodology is used (EMEP, 2023, 3D, Chapter 3.3.1). NH< | ||
| - | ==== Emission factors | + | A Tier 1 methodology is used (EMEP/EEA, 2023, 3.D, Chapter 3.3.1). NH< |
| - | EMEP (2023)-3.D, Table 3-1 provides a Tier 1 emission factor for NH< | + | |
| + | ==== Emission factors === | ||
| + | |||
| + | EMEP/EEA (2023), Chapter | ||
| Line 196: | Line 210: | ||
| ==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| - | There were no recalculations concerning sewage sludge except the replacement of extrapolated activity data in 2023 with data from the Federal Statistical Office. Further details on recalculations are described in Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 1.3. | + | There were no recalculations concerning sewage sludge except the replacement of extrapolated activity data in 2023 with data from the Federal Statistical Office. Further details on recalculations are described in Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 1.3[(VOSETAL2026)]. |
| __Table 9: Comparison of NH< | __Table 9: Comparison of NH< | ||
| Line 211: | Line 225: | ||
| ==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
| + | |||
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| Line 224: | Line 239: | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| - | Activity data is the amount of N in residues from anaerobic digestion of energy crops and waste and of compost from biowaste and green waste when leaving storage, as well as the amount of N in imported animal manures. For energy crops this is the N contained in the energy crops when being fed into the digestion process minus the N losses by emissions of N species from the storage of the residues (see 3.I). N losses from pre-storage are negligible and there are no N losses from fermenter (see Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 5.1). For residues from digested waste, compost from biowaste and compost from green waste the amount of N was derived from the waste statistics of the Federal Statistical Office (see Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 2.8). For imported manure the amounts of N were derived from statistics published by CBS (Statistics Netherlands) and RVO (Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland) The imported manure is categorized into cattle slurry, pig slurry, poultry manure, horse manure and mixed solid manure. Only imported manures from The Netherlands are taken into account, as for other countries the amounts of imported manures are unknown as are the amounts of exported manure. For details see Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 2.8. | + | Activity data is the amount of N in residues from anaerobic digestion of energy crops and waste and of compost from biowaste and green waste when leaving storage, as well as the amount of N in imported animal manures. For energy crops this is the N contained in the energy crops when being fed into the digestion process minus the N losses by emissions of N species from the storage of the residues (see 3.I). N losses from pre-storage are negligible and there are no N losses from fermenter (see Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 5.1)[(VOSETAL2026)]. For residues from digested waste, compost from biowaste and compost from green waste the amount of N was derived from the waste statistics of the Federal Statistical Office (see Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 2.8)[(VOSETAL2026)]. For imported manure the amounts of N were derived from statistics published by CBS (Statistics Netherlands) and RVO (Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland) The imported manure is categorized into cattle slurry, pig slurry, poultry manure, horse manure and mixed solid manure. Only imported manures from The Netherlands are taken into account, as for other countries the amounts of imported manures are unknown as are the amounts of exported manure. For details see Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 2.8[(VOSETAL2026)]. |
| __Table 10: AD for the estimation of NH< | __Table 10: AD for the estimation of NH< | ||
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| ==== Methodology ==== | ==== Methodology ==== | ||
| - | The NH< | + | The NH< |
| + | The amounts of TAN in the residues from digested energy crops applied are obtained from the calculations of emissions from the storage of the digested energy crops (3.I). The amounts of TAN in the residues from digested waste, compost from biowaste and compost from green waste are derived from industry data (provided by Bundesgütegemeinschaft Kompost, BGK). For the imported manures it is assumed that the different imported manure types (see above) were applied in the same way as the corresponding domestic animal manure types. Mixed manure was treated like solid manure from goats, sheep and horses. Corresponding TAN contents were derived from publications of the German federal states. As published TAN contents vary strongly, for each imported manure type the maximum of published TAN contents was assumed to prevent an underestimation of the NH< | ||
| - | For NO< | + | For NO< |
| Line 265: | Line 281: | ||
| ==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| - | Recalculations after 2009 are mainly due to the update of activity data. Concerning NH< | + | Recalculations after 2009 are mainly due to the update of activity data. Concerning NH< |
| __Table 12: Comparison of NH< | __Table 12: Comparison of NH< | ||
| Line 281: | Line 297: | ||
| ==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
| + | |||
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| ===== 3.D.a.3 - Urine and dung deposited by grazing animals ===== | ===== 3.D.a.3 - Urine and dung deposited by grazing animals ===== | ||
| - | The calculation of NH< | + | |
| + | The calculation of NH< | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| Line 304: | Line 322: | ||
| ==== Methodology ==== | ==== Methodology ==== | ||
| + | |||
| NH< | NH< | ||
| ==== Emission Factors ==== | ==== Emission Factors ==== | ||
| - | The emission factors for NH< | + | The emission factors for NH< |
| - | Following the intention of EMEP, 2023-3D, Table 3.1, the inventory uses for NO< | + | Following the intention of EMEP/EEA (2023), Chapter 3.D, Table 3.1, the inventory uses for NO< |
| Line 325: | Line 344: | ||
| ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== | ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== | ||
| + | |||
| Emissions from urine and dung deposited by grazing animals are no key sources. | Emissions from urine and dung deposited by grazing animals are no key sources. | ||
| ==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| - | Until 2012, NH< | + | Until 2012, NH< |
| __Table 15: Comparison of NH< | __Table 15: Comparison of NH< | ||
| Line 344: | Line 364: | ||
| ==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
| + | |||
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| ===== 3.D.a.4 - Crop residues applied to soil ===== | ===== 3.D.a.4 - Crop residues applied to soil ===== | ||
| - | The calculation of NH< | + | |
| + | The calculation of NH< | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| - | The NH< | + | |
| + | The NH< | ||
| __Table 16: AD for the estimation of NH< | __Table 16: AD for the estimation of NH< | ||
| Line 358: | Line 381: | ||
| ==== Methodology ==== | ==== Methodology ==== | ||
| + | |||
| According to EMEP (2023) the NH< | According to EMEP (2023) the NH< | ||
| ==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
| - | According to the methodology given in EMEP (2023) the emission factor for the NH< | + | According to the methodology given in EMEP/EEA (2023) the emission factor for the NH< |
| <m> EF(NH_3_x) = (410 × N_abovedm_x -5.42)/100 </m> | <m> EF(NH_3_x) = (410 × N_abovedm_x -5.42)/100 </m> | ||
| Line 378: | Line 402: | ||
| ==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| - | For all years, NH< | + | For all years, NH< |
| __Table 18: Comparison of NH< | __Table 18: Comparison of NH< | ||
| Line 393: | Line 417: | ||
| ===== 3.D.c - Farm-level agricultural operations including storage, handling and transport of agricultural products ===== | ===== 3.D.c - Farm-level agricultural operations including storage, handling and transport of agricultural products ===== | ||
| - | In this category Germany reports TSP, PM< | + | In this category Germany reports TSP, PM< |
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| Line 407: | Line 431: | ||
| ==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
| - | Emission factors given in EMEP (2023)-3D-18, Tables 3.6 and 3.8 are used with the exception of „Harvesting“ PM< | + | Emission factors given in EMEP/EEA (2023), Chapter 3.D, p. 18, Tables 3.6 and 3.8 are used[(EMEPEEA2023)] |
| - | The missing default-EFs for „other arable“ in the 2023 EMEP/EEA Guidebook were replaced with the average of the EFs of wheat, rye, barley and oat, as it was done in the Danish IIR. The PM< | + | The missing default-EFs for „other arable“ in the 2023 EMEP/EEA Guidebook were replaced with the average of the EFs of wheat, rye, barley and oat, as it was done in the Danish IIR. The PM< |
| __Table 20: Implied emission factors for PM emissions from agricultural soils, in [kg ha< | __Table 20: Implied emission factors for PM emissions from agricultural soils, in [kg ha< | ||
| Line 422: | Line 446: | ||
| ==== Recalculations ==== | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
| - | There were no recalculations. Further details on recalculations are described in Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 1.3. | + | |
| + | There were no recalculations. Further details on recalculations are described in Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 1.3[(VOSETAL2026)]. | ||
| __Table 21: Comparison of particle emissions (TSP, PM< | __Table 21: Comparison of particle emissions (TSP, PM< | ||
| Line 442: | Line 467: | ||
| ==== Planned improvements ==== | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
| + | |||
| No improvements are planned at present. | No improvements are planned at present. | ||
| ===== 3.D.e - Cultivated crops ===== | ===== 3.D.e - Cultivated crops ===== | ||
| + | |||
| In this category Germany reports NMVOC emissions from crop production according to EMEP/EEA (2023), Ch. 3.D, p. 21[(EMEPEEA2023)]. For details see Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 5.2.3[(VOSETAL2026)]. | In this category Germany reports NMVOC emissions from crop production according to EMEP/EEA (2023), Ch. 3.D, p. 21[(EMEPEEA2023)]. For details see Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 5.2.3[(VOSETAL2026)]. | ||
| Line 461: | Line 488: | ||
| ==== Emission Factors ==== | ==== Emission Factors ==== | ||
| - | The emission factors for wheat, rye, rape and grass (15°C) given in EMEP/EEA (2023), Ch. 3.D, p. 21, Table 3.4 were used. For all grassland areas the grass (15°C) EF is used, for all other crops except rye and rape the EF of wheat is used. | + | The emission factors for wheat, rye, rape and grass (15°C) given in EMEP/EEA (2023), Ch. 3.D, p. 21, Table 3.4 were used[(EMEPEEA2023)]. For all grassland areas the grass (15°C) EF is used, for all other crops except rye and rape the EF of wheat is used. |
| The implied emission factors provided in the following table are defined as ratio of the total NMVOC emissions from cultivated crops to the total area given by activity data. | The implied emission factors provided in the following table are defined as ratio of the total NMVOC emissions from cultivated crops to the total area given by activity data. | ||
| Line 500: | Line 527: | ||
| - | [(EMEPEEA2013> | + | [(EMEPEEA2013> |
| [(EMEPEEA2023> | [(EMEPEEA2023> | ||
| Line 510: | Line 537: | ||
| [(BITTMANETAL2014> | [(BITTMANETAL2014> | ||
| + | [(STEHFESTBOUWMAN2006> | ||