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sector:agriculture:start [2026/03/31 09:36] – [Short description] kotzullasector:agriculture:start [2026/04/01 13:04] (current) – [Specific QA/QC procedures for the agriculture sector] kotzulla
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 Emissions occurring in the agricultural sector in Germany derive from manure management (NFR 3.B), agricultural soils (NFR 3.D) and agriculture other (NFR 3.I). Emissions occurring in the agricultural sector in Germany derive from manure management (NFR 3.B), agricultural soils (NFR 3.D) and agriculture other (NFR 3.I).
  
-As burning of agricultural residues is prohibited by law (see Vos et al., 2026)((Vos, C., Rösemann, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, Döhler, H., Steuer, B., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2026) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2024 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2026. www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Germany does not report emissions in category field burning (NFR 3.F) (notation key: 'NO'), +As burning of agricultural residues is prohibited by law (see Vos et al., 2026)[(VOSETAL2026)], Germany does not report emissions in category field burning (NFR 3.F) (notation key: 'NO'), 
  
 The pollutants reported are: The pollutants reported are:
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 No heavy metal emissions are reported. No heavy metal emissions are reported.
  
-In 2024, the agricultural sector emitted 484.0 kt of NH<sub>3</sub>, 98.0  kt of NO<sub>x</sub>, 300.6 kt of NMVOC, 60.4 kt of TSP, 34.7 kt of PM<sub>10</sub> and 5.3 kt of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and 0.53 kg HCB. The trend from 1990 onwards is shown in the graph below. The sharp decrease of emissions from 1990 to 1991 is due to a reduction of livestock population in the New Länder (former GDR) following the German reunification. The increase of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions since 2005 is mostly due to the expansion of anaerobic digestion of energy crops, especially the application of the digestion residues. This emission source also affects NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. The decrease of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions since 2015 is mostly due to a decline in the amounts of mineral fertilizer sold and stricter regulations concerning application of urea fertilizers, as well as declining livestock numbers Further details concerning trends can be found in Vos et al. (2026) chapter “Emissions results submission 2026”. +In 2024, the agricultural sector emitted 484.0 kt of NH<sub>3</sub>, 98.0  kt of NO<sub>x</sub>, 300.6 kt of NMVOC, 60.4 kt of TSP, 34.7 kt of PM<sub>10</sub> and 5.3 kt of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and 0.53 kg HCB. 
  
-As depicted in the diagram below, in 2024 91.7 % of Germany’s total NH<sub>3</sub> emissions derived from the agricultural sector, while nitric oxides reported as NO<sub>x</sub> contributed 12.1 % and NMVOC 31.5 % to the total NO<sub>x</sub> and NMVOC emissions of Germany. Regarding the emissions of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub> and TSP the agricultural sector contributed 7.1 % (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), 20.4 % (PM<sub>10</sub>) and 19.6 % (TSP) to the national particle emissions. HCB emissions of pesticide use contributed 13.5 % to the total German emissions. +The trends from 1990 onwards is shown in the graph at the bottom of this page. Here, the sharp decrease of emissions from 1990 to 1991 is due to a reduction of livestock population in the New Länder (former GDR) following the German reunification. The increase of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions since 2005 is mostly due to the expansion of anaerobic digestion of energy crops, especially the application of the digestion residues. This emission source also affects NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. The decrease of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions since 2015 is mostly due to a decline in the amounts of mineral fertilizer sold and stricter regulations concerning application of urea fertilizers, as well as declining livestock numbers Further details concerning trends can be found in Vos et al. (2026) chapter “Emissions results submission 2026”.  
 + 
 +As depicted in the chart below, in 2024 91.7 % of Germany’s total NH<sub>3</sub> emissions derived from the agricultural sector, while nitric oxides reported as NO<sub>x</sub> contributed 12.1 % and NMVOC 31.5 % to the total NO<sub>x</sub> and NMVOC emissions of Germany. Regarding the emissions of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub> and TSP the agricultural sector contributed 7.1 % (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), 20.4 % (PM<sub>10</sub>) and 19.6 % (TSP) to the national particle emissions. HCB emissions of pesticide use contributed 13.5 % to the total German emissions. 
  
 ====Mitigation measures==== ====Mitigation measures====
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   * covering of slurry storage: agricultural censuses survey the prevalence of different slurry covers. Germany uses distinct emission factors for the different covers.    * covering of slurry storage: agricultural censuses survey the prevalence of different slurry covers. Germany uses distinct emission factors for the different covers. 
  
-  * use of urease inhibitors: for urea fertilizer the German fertilizer ordinance prescribes the use of urease inhibitors or the direct incorporation into the soil from 2020 onwards. The NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor for urea fertilizers is therefore reduced by 70% from 2020 onwards for the direct incorporation, according to Bittman et al. (2014, Table 15)((Bittman, S., Dedina, M., Howard C.M., Oenema, O., Sutton, M.A., (eds) (2014): Options for Ammonia Mitigation. Guidance from the UNECE task Force on Reactive Nitrogen. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK)). For the use of urease inhibitors the NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor is reduced by 60% from 2020 onwards, see Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 5.2.1.2.+  * use of urease inhibitors: for urea fertilizer the German fertilizer ordinance prescribes the use of urease inhibitors or the direct incorporation into the soil from 2020 onwards. The NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor for urea fertilizers is therefore reduced by 70% from 2020 onwards for the direct incorporation, according to Bittman et al. (2014, Table 15)[(BITTMANETAL2014)]. For the use of urease inhibitors the NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor is reduced by 60% from 2020 onwards, see Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 5.2.1.2[(VOSETAL2026)].
  
 For NO<sub>x</sub> and NMVOC no mitigation measures are included.  For NO<sub>x</sub> and NMVOC no mitigation measures are included. 
- 
- 
  
  
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-(see [[general:recalculations:start|Chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]])+(see [[general:recalculations:start| Chapter 9.1 - Recalculations]])
  
-The following list summarizes the most important reasons for recalculations. Recalculations result from improvements in input data and methodologies (for details see Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 1.3).  +The following list summarizes the most important reasons for recalculations. Recalculations result from improvements in input data and methodologies (for details see Vos et al. (2026), Chapter 1.3)[(VOSETAL2026)].  
   -  Adding of a transport module in the inventory model PY-GAS-EM: substrate transports to biogas plants and manure transports across district borders (NUTS 3 areas) are considered. Since manure application techniques differ between the NUTS 3 areas, this leads to slightly different NH<sub>3</sub> emissions at the federal level compared with the situation in the last submission without transports across district borders.   -  Adding of a transport module in the inventory model PY-GAS-EM: substrate transports to biogas plants and manure transports across district borders (NUTS 3 areas) are considered. Since manure application techniques differ between the NUTS 3 areas, this leads to slightly different NH<sub>3</sub> emissions at the federal level compared with the situation in the last submission without transports across district borders.
-  -  Mineral fertilizers: The NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for straight fertilizers used in the last sub-mission (0.084 kg NH<sub>3</sub> per kg N) has been corrected to a lower value (0.024 NH<sub>3</sub> per kg N) following a correction in EMEP (2023).+  -  Mineral fertilizers: The NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for straight fertilizers used in the last sub-mission (0.084 kg NH<sub>3</sub> per kg N) has been corrected to a lower value (0.024 NH<sub>3</sub> per kg N) following a correction in EMEP/EEA (2023)[(EMEPEEA2023)].
   -  Dairy cows: N and TAN excretions are now estimated from milk yield, milk urea content and protein content of milk instead of from the modeled feed.    -  Dairy cows: N and TAN excretions are now estimated from milk yield, milk urea content and protein content of milk instead of from the modeled feed. 
   -  Dairy cows: The officially recorded final milk yields for 2023 are significantly higher than the preliminary official figures used in the 2025 submission. This is due to an improved calculation method that will continue to be used in the future and which was subsequently applied for 2022. For reporting purposes a method was developed to adjust the officially recorded milk yields for the years before 2022 upwards, to achieve time series consistency.    -  Dairy cows: The officially recorded final milk yields for 2023 are significantly higher than the preliminary official figures used in the 2025 submission. This is due to an improved calculation method that will continue to be used in the future and which was subsequently applied for 2022. For reporting purposes a method was developed to adjust the officially recorded milk yields for the years before 2022 upwards, to achieve time series consistency. 
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 Furthermore, in addition to UNFCCC, UNECE and NEC reviews, the Py-GAS-EM model is continuously validated by experts of KTBL (Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft, Association for Technology and Structures in Agriculture) and the EAGER group (European Agricultural Gaseous Emissions Inventory Researchers Network).  Furthermore, in addition to UNFCCC, UNECE and NEC reviews, the Py-GAS-EM model is continuously validated by experts of KTBL (Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft, Association for Technology and Structures in Agriculture) and the EAGER group (European Agricultural Gaseous Emissions Inventory Researchers Network). 
  
 +[(VOSETAL2026> Vos, C., Rösemann, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, Döhler, H., Steuer, B., Osterburg, B., Fuß, R. (2026): Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2024: Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2026. www.eminv-agriculture.de, 2026)]
 +
 +[(BITTMANETAL2014> Bittman, S., Dedina, M., Howard C.M., Oenema, O., Sutton, M.A., (eds) (2014): Options for Ammonia Mitigation. Guidance from the UNECE task Force on Reactive Nitrogen. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK, 2014)]
 +
 +[(EMEPEEA2013> EMEP/EEA (2013): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2013, https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2013/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/4-agriculture/3-b-manure-management/@@download/file; Copenhagen, 2013)]
 +
 +[(EMEPEEA2023> EMEP/EEA (2023): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023, EEA Report No 06/2023, https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023.; Copenhagen, 2023)]
 +
 +[(UBA2026> UBA (2026): National Inventory Report (NID) 2026 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2024. Dessau-Roßlau, April 2026.)]
 +
 +[(STEHFESTBOUWMAN2006> Stehfest E., Bouwman L. (2006): N2O and NO emission from agricultural fields and soils under natural vegetation: summarizing available measurement data and modelling of global emissions. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 74, 207 – 228., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-006-9000-7; 2006 )]