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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:petroleum_refining [2026/03/10 13:15] – [Planned improvements] kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:petroleum_refining [2026/04/10 13:13] (current) – [Trend discussion for Key Sources] can
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 |  {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}                        |||| |  {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}                        ||||
  
-----+\\
  
-^ NO<sub>x</sub>                          ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^ TSP  ^  BC   ^  CO   ^  Pb   ^  Cd   ^  Hg       ^  As       ^  Cr   ^  Cu   ^  Ni       ^  Se       ^  Zn   ^  PCDD/F  ^  B(a)P  ^  B(b)F  ^  B(k)F  ^  I(x)P  ^  PAH1-4  ^  HCB  ^  PCBs  ^ +^ NO<sub>x</sub>                          ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC   ^  CO   ^  Pb   ^  Cd   ^  Hg   ^  As   ^  Cr   ^  Cu   ^  Ni   ^  Se   ^  Zn   ^  PCDD/F  ^  B(a)P  ^  B(b)F  ^  B(k)F  ^  I(x)P  ^  PAH1-4  ^  HCB  ^  PCBs  ^ 
-|  -/-                                    |  -/-    ^  L/-             |  -/-             |  -/-               |  -/-              |  -/- |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  ^  L/-  |  **L/-**  |  **L/-**  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  **L/-**  |  **L/T**  |  -/-  |  -/-     |  -/-    |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  -/-     |  -/-  |  -/-   | +|  -/-                                    |  -/-    ^  L/-             |  -/-             |  -/-               |  -/-              |   -/- |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  ^  L/-  ^  L/-  ^  L/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  ^  L/-  ^  L/T  |  -/-  |  -/-     |  -/-    |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  -/-     |  -/-  |  -/-   | 
-|  {{page>general:Misc:LegendKCA:start}}                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ||||||||||||||||||||||||||+|  {{page>general:Misc:LegendKCA:start}}                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
  
  
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 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
  
-Fuel inputs for electricity production in refinery power stations are included in Energy Balance line 12 ("Industrial power stations (only for electricity)"). Energy Balance line 38 ("Refineries") shows the energy consumption (for heat production) of refineries. [(AGEB2024)]+Fuel inputs for electricity production in refinery power stations are included in Energy Balance line 12 ("Industrial power stations (only for electricity)"). Energy Balance line 38 ("Refineries") shows the energy consumption (for heat production) of refineries. [(AGEB2025)]
  
 Fuel inputs for heat production in refinery power plants and for bottom heating in refinery processes are derived from these figures. Fuel inputs for heat production in refinery power plants and for bottom heating in refinery processes are derived from these figures.
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 Emission factors are available for different fuel types and combustion technologies. The distinction between refinery power plants and bottom heating in refinery processes is necessary since bottom heating systems have considerably higher specific emissions. Emission factors are available for different fuel types and combustion technologies. The distinction between refinery power plants and bottom heating in refinery processes is necessary since bottom heating systems have considerably higher specific emissions.
  
-Results of a research project which has to evaluate data from emission declarations for the years 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016 for all refineries will provide refinery gas emission factor data. The first results show the following range:+The first results of a research project to evaluate data from emission declarations for the years 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016 for all refineries for refinery gas provides the following emission factor range:  
  
 __Table 1: Range of emission factors, in kg/TJ__ __Table 1: Range of emission factors, in kg/TJ__
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 ^ TSP             |  0.24 - 0.37    | ^ TSP             |  0.24 - 0.37    |
  
-Before the new emission factors can be used, it has to be checked which data are representative. Further quality checks are necessary in order to reproduce the trend correctly. +\\ 
 + 
 +Before these emission factors can be applied, their representativeness have be ensured. Further quality checks are necessary in order to reproduce the trend correctly. 
  
 ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources ===== ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources =====
  
-Since 1990, fuel consumption has shown a slightly increasing trend overall. While some relevant installations have been decommissioned since 1990 - especially in the territory of the former GDR - production increased nevertheless. And while installation efficiencies were improved, increased production of lighter petroleum products and intensified hydrosulphurisation, which led to increases in specific fuel consumptions. Annual fluctuations of all fuel types can be explained as the result of differences in production quantities. The maximum production of petroleum products to date occurred in 2005, as a result of a shortfall in capacity in the USA, which led to an increase in imports. Thereafter, production decreased by reducing excess capacities like everywhere in Europe. +Since 1990, fuel consumption has shown a slightly increasing overall trend. While some relevant installations have been decommissioned since 1990 - especially in the territory of the former GDR - production increased nevertheless. And while installation efficiencies were improved, increased production of lighter petroleum products and intensified hydrosulphurisation, which led to increases in specific fuel consumptions. 
-The increasing use of natural gas in recent years led to decreasing emissions of all emissions (except NO<sub>x</sub> ).+
  
-The following diagram gives an overview of the fuel consumption in the refinery sector.+Annual fluctuations of all fuel types can be explained as the result of differences in production quantities.  
 + 
 +A substantial production of petroleum products occurred in 2005, as a result of a shortfall in capacity in the USA, which led to an increase in imports. Thereafter, production decreased by reducing excess capacities all over Europe. 
 + 
 +The increasing use of natural gas in recent years led to decreasing emissions of all pollutants (except NO<sub>x</sub> ). 
 + 
 +The following chart gives an overview of the fuel consumption in the refinery sector:
  
 {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1b_ad.png?800 |Annual fuel consumption in 1.A.1.b}} {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1b_ad.png?800 |Annual fuel consumption in 1.A.1.b}}
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 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
-At the time of compiling the inventory, national energy balance is only available provisionally. Therefore, the finalization of the Energy Balance for 2022 led to recalculations.  In addition, to ensure that consumption of refinery fuels in the official mineral oil statistics is consistently included in the inventory reallocation of fuel data between 1.A.1.b and 1.A.2.g viii took place for the years 2003-2022.+At the time of compiling the inventory, national energy balance is only available provisionally. Therefore, the finalization of the energy balance for 2023 led to recalculations. Moreover, for the purpose of improving data quality, national energy balances go under revisions every two years (for the years starting from 2003) through fine-tuning of the computational models, consideration of new statistics or re-allocation of activity data. Due to the revisions on the input data for submission 2026, recalculations took place [(AGEB2025a)]. 
  
  
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 It is planned to revise emission factors for all pollutants on the basis of the above-mentioned project. It is planned to revise emission factors for all pollutants on the basis of the above-mentioned project.
  
-[(AGEB2025> AGEB, 2025: National energy balance and Satellite balance for renewable energy:  https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/en/data-and-facts/energy-balance-2000-to-2030/ )] 
  
-[(BAFA2025>BAFA, 2025: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; +[(AGEB2025> AGEB (2025): Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland;  
-https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2023_12.xlsx?__blob=publicationFile&v=2, Eschborn, 2024.)]+https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/wp-content/uploads/EBD23e.xlsx, (Aufruf: 04.12.2025), Köln & Berlin, September 2025)] 
 + 
 +[(AGEB2025a> AGEB (2025a): Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland;  
 +https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/daten-und-fakten/bilanzen-ab-1990/?_jahresbereich-bilanz=2021-2030, (Aufruf: 04.12.2025), Köln & Berlin, September 2025)] 
 + 
 +[(AGEB2025b> AGEB (2025b): Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Zusatzinformationen - Heizwerte der  
 +Energieträger und Faktoren für die Umrechnung von spezifischen Mengeneinheiten in Wärmeinheiten (2005-2020);  
 +URL: https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/wp-content/uploads/EBD24p2_Heizwerte.xlsx, (Aufruf: 13.12.2025) Köln & Berlin, 2025.)] 
 + 
 +[(BAFA2025> BAFA (2025): Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; 
 +https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2024_12.html, Eschborn, 2025.)]
  
 [(RENTZ2002> Rentz et al. (2002): Rentz, O., Karl, U., Peter, H.: Ermittlung und Evaluierung von Emissionsfaktoren für Feuerungsanlagen in Deutschland für die Jahre 1995, 2000 und 2010: Forschungsbericht 299 43 142; on behalf of the Umweltbundesamt; final report; Deutsch-Französisches Inst. f. Umweltforschung, Univ. (TH); https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/21412002;  Karlsruhe / Dessau-Roßlau, 2002.)] [(RENTZ2002> Rentz et al. (2002): Rentz, O., Karl, U., Peter, H.: Ermittlung und Evaluierung von Emissionsfaktoren für Feuerungsanlagen in Deutschland für die Jahre 1995, 2000 und 2010: Forschungsbericht 299 43 142; on behalf of the Umweltbundesamt; final report; Deutsch-Französisches Inst. f. Umweltforschung, Univ. (TH); https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/21412002;  Karlsruhe / Dessau-Roßlau, 2002.)]