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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:petroleum_refining [2026/03/17 10:08] – kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:petroleum_refining [2026/04/10 13:13] (current) – [Trend discussion for Key Sources] can
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 Emission factors are available for different fuel types and combustion technologies. The distinction between refinery power plants and bottom heating in refinery processes is necessary since bottom heating systems have considerably higher specific emissions. Emission factors are available for different fuel types and combustion technologies. The distinction between refinery power plants and bottom heating in refinery processes is necessary since bottom heating systems have considerably higher specific emissions.
  
-Results of a research project which has to evaluate data from emission declarations for the years 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016 for all refineries will provide refinery gas emission factor data. The first results show the following range:+The first results of a research project to evaluate data from emission declarations for the years 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016 for all refineries for refinery gas provides the following emission factor range:  
  
 __Table 1: Range of emission factors, in kg/TJ__ __Table 1: Range of emission factors, in kg/TJ__
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 ^ TSP             |  0.24 - 0.37    | ^ TSP             |  0.24 - 0.37    |
  
-Before the new emission factors can be used, it has to be checked which data are representative. Further quality checks are necessary in order to reproduce the trend correctly. +\\ 
 + 
 +Before these emission factors can be applied, their representativeness have be ensured. Further quality checks are necessary in order to reproduce the trend correctly. 
  
 ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources ===== ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources =====
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 Annual fluctuations of all fuel types can be explained as the result of differences in production quantities.  Annual fluctuations of all fuel types can be explained as the result of differences in production quantities. 
  
-The maximum production of petroleum products to date occurred in 2005, as a result of a shortfall in capacity in the USA, which led to an increase in imports. Thereafter, production decreased by reducing excess capacities all over Europe.+A substantial production of petroleum products occurred in 2005, as a result of a shortfall in capacity in the USA, which led to an increase in imports. Thereafter, production decreased by reducing excess capacities all over Europe.
  
 The increasing use of natural gas in recent years led to decreasing emissions of all pollutants (except NO<sub>x</sub> ). The increasing use of natural gas in recent years led to decreasing emissions of all pollutants (except NO<sub>x</sub> ).