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| sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:start [2026/01/26 10:30] – [Emission factors] kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:start [2026/03/17 10:36] (current) – [Table] kotzulla | ||
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| <WRAP center round download right 20%> | <WRAP center round download right 20%> | ||
| - | {{sector: | + | {{sector: |
| </ | </ | ||
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| ^ NO< | ^ NO< | ||
| - | | -/- | + | ^ -/T |
| | {{page> | | {{page> | ||
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| __Table 3: Annual country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels< | __Table 3: Annual country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels< | ||
| - | | | + | | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^ 2023 ^ 2024 ^ |
| - | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
| - | ^ NMVOC | + | ^ NMVOC | 109 | 100 | 90.2 | 64.8 | 52.0 | 39.2 | 39.3 | 38.0 | 37.0 | 36.6 | 38.1 | 37.3 | 34.9 | 33.5 | 33.7 | |
| - | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
| - | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
| - | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
| - | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
| - | ^ CO | 287 | 292 | 255 | 162 | 121 | 95.8 | 95.1 | 94.0 | 91.4 | 90.3 | 90.9 | 90.5 | 87.7 | 86.5 | 85.5 | | + | ^ CO |
| - | < | + | | < |
| - | < | + | | < |
| - | < | + | | < |
| Regarding **emissions from solid fuels** used in historic steam engines, all emission factors displayed below have been adopted from small-scale stationary combustion. | Regarding **emissions from solid fuels** used in historic steam engines, all emission factors displayed below have been adopted from small-scale stationary combustion. | ||
| __Table 4: Emission factors applied for solid fuels, in kg/TJ__ | __Table 4: Emission factors applied for solid fuels, in kg/TJ__ | ||
| - | ^ | + | ^ ^ NH< |
| - | | **Hard coal** | + | | **Hard coal** |
| - | | **Hard coal coke** | + | | **Hard coal coke** |
| - | < | + | | < |
| \\ | \\ | ||
| - | Regarding | + | __Table 5: Tier1 emission factors applied to railway vehicles, in [g/TJ]__ |
| + | | | ||
| + | ^ Diesel oil | 0.012< | ||
| + | ^ Biodiesel< | ||
| + | ^ Lignite Briquettes | ||
| + | ^ Raw Lignite | ||
| + | ^ Hard Coal | ||
| + | ^ Hard Coal Coke | NE ||||||||| | ||
| + | | < | ||
| + | | < | ||
| + | | <sup>3</sup> values differ from EFs applied for fossil diesel oil to take into account | ||
| + | | (//NOTE: Assuming that biodiesel contains far less HMs than fossil diesel oil, similar values are applied to all mobile sources using this biogenic fuel.//) |||||||||| | ||
| - | As these original emissions are only available as of 2013, implied EF(PM< | ||
| - | |||
| - | Here, within the underlying DB model, emission factors for PM< | ||
| - | |||
| - | Regarding PM< | ||
| - | Emission factors for emssions of copper, nickel and chrome are calculated via typical shares of the named metals in the contact line (copper) and in the braking systems (Ni and Cr). Other heavy metals contained in alloys used for the contact line (silver, magnesium, tin) are not taken into account here. Furthermore, | ||
| \\ | \\ | ||
| - | |||
| - | __Table 5: Country-specific emission factors for abrasive emissions, in [mg/ | ||
| - | ^ | ||
| - | | **from wheels on track**< | ||
| - | ^ TSP, PM< | ||
| - | ^ PM< | ||
| - | | **from brakes**< | ||
| - | ^ PM< | ||
| - | ^ PM< | ||
| - | ^ Cr | 0.060 | 0.069 | 0.072 | 0.081 | 0.079 | 0.080 | 0.085 | 0.073 | 0.061 | 0.064 | 0.068 | 0.068 | | ||
| - | ^ Ni | 0.120 | 0.138 | 0.144 | 0.162 | 0.157 | 0.160 | 0.171 | 0.146 | 0.122 | 0.128 | 0.137 | 0.137 | | ||
| - | | **from current collector on contact line**< | ||
| - | ^ PM< | ||
| - | ^ PM< | ||
| - | ^ Cu | 0.259 | 0.282 | 0.297 | 0.329 | 0.319 | 0.338 | 0.358 | 0.400 | 0.393 | 0.371 | 0.384 | 0.392 | | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | |||
| - | __Table 6: Tier1 emission factors applied to railway vehicles, in g/TJ__ | ||
| - | | ^ **Pb** | ||
| - | ^ Diesel oil | ||
| - | ^ Biodiesel< | ||
| - | ^ Lignite Briquettes | ||
| - | ^ Raw Lignite | ||
| - | ^ Hard Coal | NE ||||||||| | ||
| - | ^ Hard Coal Coke | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | (//NOTE: Assuming that biodiesel contains far less HMs than fossil diesel oil, similar values are applied to all mobile sources using this biogenic fuel.//) | ||
| Here, as the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2023 does not provide specific defaults for **Pb, Hg and As**, the EF applied here has been derived from chapter: 1.A.3.b i-iv, tier1 value for heavy-duty diesel vehicles. | Here, as the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2023 does not provide specific defaults for **Pb, Hg and As**, the EF applied here has been derived from chapter: 1.A.3.b i-iv, tier1 value for heavy-duty diesel vehicles. | ||
| Line 169: | Line 143: | ||
| Therefore, these emissions are only calculated for firewood (HCB) and fossil solid fuels (PCBs), respectively, | Therefore, these emissions are only calculated for firewood (HCB) and fossil solid fuels (PCBs), respectively, | ||
| - | __Table | + | __Table |
| | | **B[a]P** | | | **B[a]P** | ||
| | | [mg/ | | | [mg/ | ||
| Line 178: | Line 152: | ||
| ^ Hard Coal | NE | ^ Hard Coal | NE | ||
| ^ Hard Coal Coke | ^ Hard Coal Coke | ||
| + | | < | ||
| + | | < | ||
| + | | < | ||
| | additional info: {{ sector: | | additional info: {{ sector: | ||
| - | < | + | |
| - | < | + | |
| - | < | + | |
| <WRAP center round info 100%> | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
| For further information on the derivation of default **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | For further information on the derivation of default **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Regarding __**emissions from abrasion and wear**__, emission factors are calculated from PM< | ||
| + | |||
| + | As these original emissions are only available as of 2013, implied EF(PM< | ||
| + | |||
| + | Here, within the underlying DB model, emission factors for PM< | ||
| + | |||
| + | Regarding PM< | ||
| + | Emission factors for emssions of copper, nickel and chrome are calculated via typical shares of the named metals in the contact line (copper) and in the braking systems (Ni and Cr). Other heavy metals contained in alloys used for the contact line (silver, magnesium, tin) are not taken into account here. Furthermore, | ||
| + | \\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Table 7: Country-specific emission factors for abrasive emissions, in [mg/ | ||
| + | ^ ^ 1990-2013 | ||
| + | | **from wheels on track**< | ||
| + | ^ TSP, PM< | ||
| + | ^ PM< | ||
| + | | **from brakes**< | ||
| + | ^ PM< | ||
| + | ^ PM< | ||
| + | ^ Cr | ||
| + | ^ Ni | ||
| + | | **from current collector on contact line**< | ||
| + | ^ PM< | ||
| + | ^ PM< | ||
| + | ^ Cu | ||
| + | | < | ||
| + | | < | ||
| + | | < | ||
| Line 191: | Line 194: | ||
| __Table 6: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__ | __Table 6: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__ | ||
| - | | for: ^ | + | | for: ^ |
| - | | by: ^ | + | | by: ^ -/T |
| \\ | \\ | ||
| Line 225: | Line 228: | ||
| ===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
| - | **Activity data** have been recalculated due to the finalization of the National Energy Balances 2023. | + | **Activity data** have been recalculated due to the finalization of the National Energy Balances 2023 [(AGEB2025)]. |
| In addition, the shares of blende biodiesel have been revised for all years as of 2004. | In addition, the shares of blende biodiesel have been revised for all years as of 2004. | ||
| Line 272: | Line 275: | ||
| **//Why are similar EF applied for estimating exhaust heavy metal emissions from both fossil and biofuels?// | **//Why are similar EF applied for estimating exhaust heavy metal emissions from both fossil and biofuels?// | ||
| - | The EF provided in the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [(EMEPEEA2019)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' | + | The EF provided in the 2023 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [(EMEPEEA2023)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' |
| [(AGEB2025> | [(AGEB2025> | ||
| - | https:// | + | https:// |
| + | |||
| + | [(AGEB2025a> | ||
| + | https:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | [(AGEB2025b> | ||
| + | Energieträger und Faktoren für die Umrechnung von spezifischen Mengeneinheiten in Wärmeinheiten (2005-2020); | ||
| + | URL: https:// | ||
| [(BAFA2025> | [(BAFA2025> | ||
| https:// | https:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | [(KNOERR2025a> | ||
| + | Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, | ||
| + | Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2025.)] | ||
| [(MWV2021> | [(MWV2021> | ||
| Line 289: | Line 304: | ||
| [(EMEPEEA2023> | [(EMEPEEA2023> | ||
| [(EMEPEEA2019> | [(EMEPEEA2019> | ||
| + | |||
| [(RENTZ2008> | [(RENTZ2008> | ||
| Universität Karlsruhe (TH): Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte 01/2008, https:// | Universität Karlsruhe (TH): Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte 01/2008, https:// | ||
| [(DZSF2025> | [(DZSF2025> | ||